宽带数字收发机射频前端的设计与实现
摘要
收发机是通信系统中不可缺少的一部分,而射频前端则是收发机的重中之重,应用十分广泛。在民用中,基站通信系统、车载通信系统都需要宽带射频前端。在军用中,以雷达为代表的导航系统同样对宽带系统有着广泛的需求。无论军用和民用,宽带射频技术在无线通信中都占据着日益重要的位置。
随着技术的发展,特别是3G技术的提出,使得早前使用的模拟宽带收发系统无法满足现代通信的需求,如果将射频信号数字化称为收发系统发展首要问题。直接将射频信号数字化的技术仍然难以实现,但随着软件无线电理论的发展,将射频信号转换为可数字化的中频信号成为宽带数字收发机最为有效的方法,而射频前端的设计则是宽带数字收发机设计中的关键。本文借助基于TDSCDMA系统的基站收发机的设计阐述宽带数字收发机射频前端的设计原理和设计方法。
本文所研究的主要内容包括:
(1)结合本课题的设计要求,通过相关分析,提出了在接收机部分采用单中频结构,在发射机部分采用直接上变频结构的收发机系统方案。这种结构不仅大大节约了成本,而且减小了电路占用面积,使得设计更为简约,降低了射频系统的复杂度,同时也最大限度的降低了设计成本。
(2)通过分析基站系统的技术指标,通过理论分析,确定系统各部分的参数需求,并结合当前芯片的发展水平,分别给出了单中频接收机和零中频发射机部分的芯片选型,并进行了相应的电路设计。
(3)完成了收发信机前端PCB板的仿真与优化设计。本课题实现了2GHz频段的射频电路板设计。考虑到射频系统的设计成本较高,产品周期较长,本文借助射频仿真软件ADS软件对收发机系统进行仿真,验证系统的可行性。并在实际布板过程中,使用ADS软件对射频阻抗部分进行优化,提高了射频性能,并通过测试验证了设计的有效性。
(4)使用相关测试仪器分别对系统的噪声系数、互调和端口阻抗等进行了测试,测试结果验证了系统设计的正确性,符合基站系统的参数要求。
Transceiver machine communication system is an indispensable part of which is the front-end RF transceiver may be the most important application of a very wide range.In civilian,the base station communications systems,automotive communications systems require broadband RF front-end.In the military,as represented by the radar navigation system similar to the broadband system has a wide range of needs.Both military and civilian,broadband RF technology in wireless communications in both occupy an increasingly important position.
As technology development,especially in the 3 G technology that makes use of earlier broadband transceiver simulation of modern communication systems can not meet the demand,if the radio signal known as digital transceiver system development a priority.RF signals directly to digital technology is still difficult to achieve,but with the development of software radio,the radio signal will be converted to digital signals into the IF broadband digital transceiver the most effective way,while the RF front-end design is the broadband digital transceiver Design of the key.TDSCDMA paper-based system with the base station transceiver on the design of broadband digital transceiver RF front-end design principle and design methods.
The content of this paper are as follows:
(1)In light of the subject design requirements,through the relevant analysis,in the part of a single-IF receiver structure,the use of direct part in the transmitter on the frequency of the transceiver system solutions.This structure not only greatly cost savings,but also reduces the circuit area occupied,making more compact design, reducing the complexity of RF systems,but also to maximize the reduction of the design costs.
(2)Through analysis of the technical indicators of the base station,through theoretical analysis to determine the parameters of the system demand,combined with the current level of development of chips,were given a single-IF receiver and transmitter is part of the chip IF selection,and For the corresponding circuit design.
(3)Completed a front-end transceiver PCB board the aircraft simulation and optimization of the design.The issue achieved a 2 GHz band RF circuit board design. Taking into account the radio frequency system design costs higher,longer product life cycle,the paper using simulation software radio transceiver ADS software system for simulation,verification system is feasible.And in the actual process of cloth panels,the use of ADS RF impedance part of the software to optimize and improve the RF performance,and tested the effectiveness of the design verification.
(4)Were related to the use of test equipment for the noise factor,and mutual reconciliation,such as a port impedance test results proved the correctness of the system design,in line with the parameters of the base station system requirements.
随着技术的发展,特别是3G技术的提出,使得早前使用的模拟宽带收发系统无法满足现代通信的需求,如果将射频信号数字化称为收发系统发展首要问题。直接将射频信号数字化的技术仍然难以实现,但随着软件无线电理论的发展,将射频信号转换为可数字化的中频信号成为宽带数字收发机最为有效的方法,而射频前端的设计则是宽带数字收发机设计中的关键。本文借助基于TDSCDMA系统的基站收发机的设计阐述宽带数字收发机射频前端的设计原理和设计方法。
本文所研究的主要内容包括:
(1)结合本课题的设计要求,通过相关分析,提出了在接收机部分采用单中频结构,在发射机部分采用直接上变频结构的收发机系统方案。这种结构不仅大大节约了成本,而且减小了电路占用面积,使得设计更为简约,降低了射频系统的复杂度,同时也最大限度的降低了设计成本。
(2)通过分析基站系统的技术指标,通过理论分析,确定系统各部分的参数需求,并结合当前芯片的发展水平,分别给出了单中频接收机和零中频发射机部分的芯片选型,并进行了相应的电路设计。
(3)完成了收发信机前端PCB板的仿真与优化设计。本课题实现了2GHz频段的射频电路板设计。考虑到射频系统的设计成本较高,产品周期较长,本文借助射频仿真软件ADS软件对收发机系统进行仿真,验证系统的可行性。并在实际布板过程中,使用ADS软件对射频阻抗部分进行优化,提高了射频性能,并通过测试验证了设计的有效性。
(4)使用相关测试仪器分别对系统的噪声系数、互调和端口阻抗等进行了测试,测试结果验证了系统设计的正确性,符合基站系统的参数要求。
Transceiver machine communication system is an indispensable part of which is the front-end RF transceiver may be the most important application of a very wide range.In civilian,the base station communications systems,automotive communications systems require broadband RF front-end.In the military,as represented by the radar navigation system similar to the broadband system has a wide range of needs.Both military and civilian,broadband RF technology in wireless communications in both occupy an increasingly important position.
As technology development,especially in the 3 G technology that makes use of earlier broadband transceiver simulation of modern communication systems can not meet the demand,if the radio signal known as digital transceiver system development a priority.RF signals directly to digital technology is still difficult to achieve,but with the development of software radio,the radio signal will be converted to digital signals into the IF broadband digital transceiver the most effective way,while the RF front-end design is the broadband digital transceiver Design of the key.TDSCDMA paper-based system with the base station transceiver on the design of broadband digital transceiver RF front-end design principle and design methods.
The content of this paper are as follows:
(1)In light of the subject design requirements,through the relevant analysis,in the part of a single-IF receiver structure,the use of direct part in the transmitter on the frequency of the transceiver system solutions.This structure not only greatly cost savings,but also reduces the circuit area occupied,making more compact design, reducing the complexity of RF systems,but also to maximize the reduction of the design costs.
(2)Through analysis of the technical indicators of the base station,through theoretical analysis to determine the parameters of the system demand,combined with the current level of development of chips,were given a single-IF receiver and transmitter is part of the chip IF selection,and For the corresponding circuit design.
(3)Completed a front-end transceiver PCB board the aircraft simulation and optimization of the design.The issue achieved a 2 GHz band RF circuit board design. Taking into account the radio frequency system design costs higher,longer product life cycle,the paper using simulation software radio transceiver ADS software system for simulation,verification system is feasible.And in the actual process of cloth panels,the use of ADS RF impedance part of the software to optimize and improve the RF performance,and tested the effectiveness of the design verification.
(4)Were related to the use of test equipment for the noise factor,and mutual reconciliation,such as a port impedance test results proved the correctness of the system design,in line with the parameters of the base station system requirements.
引文
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[11]Mohajer,M.Mohammadi,A.Abdipour,A.A software defined radio direct conversion receiver.Wireless Technology,2005.The European Conference on.3-4 Oct.2005
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[20]Tatu,S.O.Moldovan,E.Ke Wu Bosisio,R.G.Denidni,T.A.Ka-band analog front-end for software-defined direct conversion receiver.Microwave Theory and Techniques,IEEE Transactions on.Sept.2005.2768-2776
[21]Hueber,G.Maurer,L.Strasser,G.Stuhlberger,R.Chabrak,K.Hagelauer,R.The design of a multi-mode/multi-system capable software radio receiver.Circuits and Systems,2006.ISCAS 2006.Proceedings.2006 IEEE International Symposium on.21-24 May 2006.3958-3961
[22]Mahesh,R.Vinod,A.P.A new common subexpression elimination algorithm for implementing low complexity FIR filters in software defined radio receivers.Circuits and Systems,2006.ISCAS 2006.Proceedings.2006 IEEE International Symposium on.4515-4518
[23]Matei,R.C.Lelia,F;Sorin,H.;A programmable band-select filter for digital IF softvare defined radio receivers.Signal Processing Systems Design and Implementation,2005.IEEE Workshop on.2-4 Nov.2005.30-35
[24]ADL5521.400MHz-4000MHz Low Noise Amplifier,http://www.analog.com/UploadedFiles/Data_Sheets/ADL5521.pdf.
[25]Bums,P.G.Reed,M.C.A complexity cost function for a network of WCDMA basestations using software defined radio with multi-user detection.Vehicular Technology Conference,2004.VTC 2004-Spring.2004 IEEE 59~(th).17-19 May 2004.2195-2199
[26]Puvaneswari,M.,Sidek,O.Wideband analog front-end for multistandard software defined radio receiver.Personal,Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications,2004.PIMRC 2004.15th IEEE International Symposium on.5-8 Sept.2004.1937-1941
[27]聂伟,石磊,王琳.WCDMA系统数字中频调制器的设计.北京化工大学学报(自然科学版).2005年03期.99-102
[28]MAX9993.High-Linearity 1700MHz to 2200MHz Down-Conversion Mixer with LO Buffer/Switch,http://www.maxim-ic.com.cn/pdfserv/en/ds/MAX9993.pdf.
[29]Chetcuti,K.Debono,C.J.Lagomarsino,V.Design of a point-to-point radio link receiver using software-radio.Microwaves,Radar and Wireless Cornmunieations,2004.MIKON-2004.15th International Conference on.17-19 May 2004.721-724
[30]B4184.TD-SCDMA SAW RF Filter.http://www.epcos.com/inf/40/ds/mc/B4184.pdf
[31]MacLeod,J.R.Nesimoglu,T.Beach,M.A.Warr,EA.Enabling technologies for software defined radio transceivers.MILCOM 2002.Proceedings.7-10 Oct.2002
[32]TD-SCDMA Node_B HW Function Specification.马卫国.大唐移动公司设计文档
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[46]鄢凯.WCDMA射频光模块的设计:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学通信与信息系统,2007
[2]徐海源,李强.周一宇,卢启中.一种基于FPGA的中频数字接收机设计.现代雷达.2006年11期:81-86
[3]郑立岗.数字接收机若干技术研究及系统实现:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学信号与信息处理,2004
[4]岳建梅,李霁野,郝炜.基于AD6644和AD6620的中频信号处理平台的设计.电讯技术.2006年06期:158-160
[5]TI.无线基础设施结构.无线基础设计解决方案指南.2005年第2季度:5-7
[6]潘武,叶健辉.CMOS无线接收机体系结构的分析及其集成性的考虑:[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆邮电学院学报(自然科学版),2006年02期:167-170
[7]董登锋.1.9GHz无线终端射频系统研究:[硕士学位论文].成都电子科技大学电磁场与微波技术,2005
[8]刘晓晖.2.4GHz无线局域网接收机电路技术浅议.电信技术.2003年10期:17-20
[9]Zangi,K.C.Koilpillai,R.D.Software radio issues in cellular base stations.Selected Areas in Communications,IEEE Journal on.April 1999.561-573
[10]Razavilar,J.Rashid-Farrokhi,F.Liu,K.J.R.Software radio architecture with smart antennas:a tutorial on algorithms and complexity.Selected Areas in Communications,IEEE Journal on.April 1999.662-676
[11]Mohajer,M.Mohammadi,A.Abdipour,A.A software defined radio direct conversion receiver.Wireless Technology,2005.The European Conference on.3-4 Oct.2005
[12]Dan Terlep.WCDMA receiver design guide.Maxim Integrated Products,2005
[13]马子骥,郑善贤.宏立.基于DSP的软件无线电实验系统的设计.实验科学与技术.2007年05期:31-33
[14]李丹.零中频技术的CDMA终端射频发射机的研究与开发:[硕士学位论文].湖南长沙:湖南大学物理电子学,2007
[15]肖乾友,晓革,志敏.一种数字中频接收机的设计与实现.电讯技术.2006年04期:123-127
[16]T1.3GPP.25.105V3100-2002.3GPP TS 25.105 V4.0.0."BS Radio transmission and Reception",2002-03-01
[17]张琰,龚朝华,桂洛宁.WCDMA基站宽带数字中频接收机的设计与实现.见:聂能,谢显中,竺南直.现代通信理论与信号处理进展——2003年通信理论与信号处理年会论文集.北京:2003年通信理论与信号处理年会.2003年:640-645
[18]谢先明.基于软件无线电的宽带数字中频接收机研究.重庆邮电学院学报(自然科学版),2006年04期.46-48
[19]程水英,武传华,张剑云.带通欠采样技术及在数字中频软件接收机中的工程应用.电路与系统学报.2006年03期.22-25
[20]Tatu,S.O.Moldovan,E.Ke Wu Bosisio,R.G.Denidni,T.A.Ka-band analog front-end for software-defined direct conversion receiver.Microwave Theory and Techniques,IEEE Transactions on.Sept.2005.2768-2776
[21]Hueber,G.Maurer,L.Strasser,G.Stuhlberger,R.Chabrak,K.Hagelauer,R.The design of a multi-mode/multi-system capable software radio receiver.Circuits and Systems,2006.ISCAS 2006.Proceedings.2006 IEEE International Symposium on.21-24 May 2006.3958-3961
[22]Mahesh,R.Vinod,A.P.A new common subexpression elimination algorithm for implementing low complexity FIR filters in software defined radio receivers.Circuits and Systems,2006.ISCAS 2006.Proceedings.2006 IEEE International Symposium on.4515-4518
[23]Matei,R.C.Lelia,F;Sorin,H.;A programmable band-select filter for digital IF softvare defined radio receivers.Signal Processing Systems Design and Implementation,2005.IEEE Workshop on.2-4 Nov.2005.30-35
[24]ADL5521.400MHz-4000MHz Low Noise Amplifier,http://www.analog.com/UploadedFiles/Data_Sheets/ADL5521.pdf.
[25]Bums,P.G.Reed,M.C.A complexity cost function for a network of WCDMA basestations using software defined radio with multi-user detection.Vehicular Technology Conference,2004.VTC 2004-Spring.2004 IEEE 59~(th).17-19 May 2004.2195-2199
[26]Puvaneswari,M.,Sidek,O.Wideband analog front-end for multistandard software defined radio receiver.Personal,Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications,2004.PIMRC 2004.15th IEEE International Symposium on.5-8 Sept.2004.1937-1941
[27]聂伟,石磊,王琳.WCDMA系统数字中频调制器的设计.北京化工大学学报(自然科学版).2005年03期.99-102
[28]MAX9993.High-Linearity 1700MHz to 2200MHz Down-Conversion Mixer with LO Buffer/Switch,http://www.maxim-ic.com.cn/pdfserv/en/ds/MAX9993.pdf.
[29]Chetcuti,K.Debono,C.J.Lagomarsino,V.Design of a point-to-point radio link receiver using software-radio.Microwaves,Radar and Wireless Cornmunieations,2004.MIKON-2004.15th International Conference on.17-19 May 2004.721-724
[30]B4184.TD-SCDMA SAW RF Filter.http://www.epcos.com/inf/40/ds/mc/B4184.pdf
[31]MacLeod,J.R.Nesimoglu,T.Beach,M.A.Warr,EA.Enabling technologies for software defined radio transceivers.MILCOM 2002.Proceedings.7-10 Oct.2002
[32]TD-SCDMA Node_B HW Function Specification.马卫国.大唐移动公司设计文档
[33]袁照刚.中频接收机利用软件无线电技术的探讨.信息技术与信息化.2006年04期.43-45
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