活性酵母的筛选及其在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用研究
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摘要
本研究从仔猪粪便中分离出抗逆性强、对大肠杆菌具有抑制作用的酿酒酵母，并用于生产试验测定其应用效果。整个试验分为3个部分。
第一部分：从仔猪粪便中分离出酵母菌786个菌株，再通过耐酸性、耐胆盐、耐高铜和高锌的选育，获得了63个具有抵抗消化道内环境迫害的酵母菌株；再进行酵母菌代谢产物对大肠杆菌主要致病血清型K88、K99和987P的抑菌试验，筛选出S19作为仔猪用活性酵母。其对K88、K99和987P的抑菌距离分别为2.1、1.6和1.4cm；后经鉴定其为酿酒酵母。
第二部分：选取21日龄断奶的杜长大三元杂交仔猪180头，平均体重7.56±0.51kg，按体重完全随机分为5个处理组，每组6个重复，每个重复6头仔猪。试验采用的五种日粮分别是基础日粮，基础日粮+10mg／kg黄霉素，基础日粮+0.05％酿酒酵母，基础日粮+0.10％酿酒酵母，基础日粮+0.15％酿酒酵母。研究表明，饲料中添加酿酒酵母可在试验后期显著提高平均日增重(P＜0.05)，但全期差异不显著(P＞0.05)；可显著提高消化道酵母菌、乳酸菌含量，降低大肠杆菌数量(P＜0.05)；同时，提高小肠绒毛高度(P＜0.05)。其中添加0.1％的效果最佳。
第三部分：探讨高铜、高锌对酿酒酵母作用的影响。选取21日龄断奶的杜长大三元杂交仔猪72头，平均体重7.05±0.47kg，按体重完全随机分为3个处理组，三种日粮分别是基础日粮，基础日粮+10mg／kg黄霉素，基础日粮+0.1％酵母。研究表明，高铜(225mg／kg)、高锌(2250mg／kg)与酿酒酵母配伍使用不产生拮抗作用。
Strong resistance Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated from piglets feces andtheir probiotics roles were investigated by in vitro experiments and in vivo in piglets.The results were described in the following three sections.
SectionⅠ: 63 strains of yeast were isolated from piglets feces through the acidand bile salt resistance experiments, high copper、high zinc resistance experiments andtheir antibacterial capacity to major pathogenic Escherichia coli serotype K88, K99and 987P were investigated by antibacterial tests. Saccharomyces cerevisiae S19 isthe best one and its Antibacterial distances to K88, K99 and 987P are 2.1, 1.6 and1.4cm.
SectionⅡ: Experiment were conducted to evaluate the effects of live yeastsupplementation on nursery pig growth performance, intestinal microflora and villuslength to determine whether live yeast could replace antibiotics and its bestsupplementation level. 180 piglets were weaned at 21 d of age (BW=7.56±0.51 kg)and assigned randomly by weight to 5 groups (treatments, six pigs per pen with sixpens per treatment). Diets type: (1) based diet (2) based diet+10mg/kg Flavomycin,(3)diet+0.05% Saccharomyces cerevisiae, (4)based diets+0.10% Saccharomycescerevisiae (5)diet+0.15% Saccharomyces cerevisiae.The following were the results ofthe experiment: The group added active yeast increased ADG in second phase(P＜0.05),but did not see significantly different in final weight(P＞0.05) than thecontrol group. Saccharomyces cerevisiae can significantly increase the intestinalyeast and lactic acid bacteria, and decrease the number of E. coli; Meanwhile,increased intestinal villus height. The addition of 0.1% is the best.
SectionⅢ: 72 piglets were weaned at 21 d of age (BW=7.05±0.0.47kg) wereassigned randomly by weight to 3 groups (treatments, six pigs per pen with four pensper treatment) to investigate the impact of high copper(225mg/kg)、high zinc(2250mg/kg) to Saccharomyces cerevisiae probiotics role. Three diets were baseddiets, based diet+10mg/kg Flavomycin, based diet+0.1% yeast. Research shows that at the dose of Cu、Zn in the experiment, there was no antagonism between Cu、Zn andSaccharomyces cerevisiae.
第一部分：从仔猪粪便中分离出酵母菌786个菌株，再通过耐酸性、耐胆盐、耐高铜和高锌的选育，获得了63个具有抵抗消化道内环境迫害的酵母菌株；再进行酵母菌代谢产物对大肠杆菌主要致病血清型K88、K99和987P的抑菌试验，筛选出S19作为仔猪用活性酵母。其对K88、K99和987P的抑菌距离分别为2.1、1.6和1.4cm；后经鉴定其为酿酒酵母。
第二部分：选取21日龄断奶的杜长大三元杂交仔猪180头，平均体重7.56±0.51kg，按体重完全随机分为5个处理组，每组6个重复，每个重复6头仔猪。试验采用的五种日粮分别是基础日粮，基础日粮+10mg／kg黄霉素，基础日粮+0.05％酿酒酵母，基础日粮+0.10％酿酒酵母，基础日粮+0.15％酿酒酵母。研究表明，饲料中添加酿酒酵母可在试验后期显著提高平均日增重(P＜0.05)，但全期差异不显著(P＞0.05)；可显著提高消化道酵母菌、乳酸菌含量，降低大肠杆菌数量(P＜0.05)；同时，提高小肠绒毛高度(P＜0.05)。其中添加0.1％的效果最佳。
第三部分：探讨高铜、高锌对酿酒酵母作用的影响。选取21日龄断奶的杜长大三元杂交仔猪72头，平均体重7.05±0.47kg，按体重完全随机分为3个处理组，三种日粮分别是基础日粮，基础日粮+10mg／kg黄霉素，基础日粮+0.1％酵母。研究表明，高铜(225mg／kg)、高锌(2250mg／kg)与酿酒酵母配伍使用不产生拮抗作用。
Strong resistance Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated from piglets feces andtheir probiotics roles were investigated by in vitro experiments and in vivo in piglets.The results were described in the following three sections.
SectionⅠ: 63 strains of yeast were isolated from piglets feces through the acidand bile salt resistance experiments, high copper、high zinc resistance experiments andtheir antibacterial capacity to major pathogenic Escherichia coli serotype K88, K99and 987P were investigated by antibacterial tests. Saccharomyces cerevisiae S19 isthe best one and its Antibacterial distances to K88, K99 and 987P are 2.1, 1.6 and1.4cm.
SectionⅡ: Experiment were conducted to evaluate the effects of live yeastsupplementation on nursery pig growth performance, intestinal microflora and villuslength to determine whether live yeast could replace antibiotics and its bestsupplementation level. 180 piglets were weaned at 21 d of age (BW=7.56±0.51 kg)and assigned randomly by weight to 5 groups (treatments, six pigs per pen with sixpens per treatment). Diets type: (1) based diet (2) based diet+10mg/kg Flavomycin,(3)diet+0.05% Saccharomyces cerevisiae, (4)based diets+0.10% Saccharomycescerevisiae (5)diet+0.15% Saccharomyces cerevisiae.The following were the results ofthe experiment: The group added active yeast increased ADG in second phase(P＜0.05),but did not see significantly different in final weight(P＞0.05) than thecontrol group. Saccharomyces cerevisiae can significantly increase the intestinalyeast and lactic acid bacteria, and decrease the number of E. coli; Meanwhile,increased intestinal villus height. The addition of 0.1% is the best.
SectionⅢ: 72 piglets were weaned at 21 d of age (BW=7.05±0.0.47kg) wereassigned randomly by weight to 3 groups (treatments, six pigs per pen with four pensper treatment) to investigate the impact of high copper(225mg/kg)、high zinc(2250mg/kg) to Saccharomyces cerevisiae probiotics role. Three diets were baseddiets, based diet+10mg/kg Flavomycin, based diet+0.1% yeast. Research shows that at the dose of Cu、Zn in the experiment, there was no antagonism between Cu、Zn andSaccharomyces cerevisiae.
引文
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