大断面隧道超前预加固适用性研究
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摘要
客运专线上的隧道基本采用双线铁路隧道设计,这些隧道轨面以上的净空面积在100m2以上,开挖断面积都很大。随着断面的增大,掌子面的稳定成为了开挖稳定的控制性因素之一。
论文以武广高速浏阳河隧道下穿河底段为工程背景,主要进行了以下几个方面的工作：
1.总结国外大跨隧道超前预加固的研究经验,简要阐述了岩土控制变形分析(ADECO-RS)方法(新意法)的基本理念。
2.通过数值模拟计算了Ⅱ～Ⅵ级围岩条件下4种不同尺寸大断面隧道的开挖情况,研究了相应各种情况下掌子面的变形、塑性区分布、破坏特征以及拱顶位移及地层变形情况。对掌子面的塑性破坏特征进行了总结归纳,以围岩条件和隧道尺寸为主要参考因素对大断面隧道掌子面稳定性提出了参考的分类标准。
3.计算表明,在软岩大断面隧道开挖过程中,如果没有初期支护以及对超前核心围岩进行加固,只采用大管棚预加固时,其梁拱效应不明显,超前核心围岩的变形仍然较大,掌子面不能保持稳定。超前玻璃锚杆及注浆均能显著提高核心土自身的强度和刚度,大大减小塑性区的深度。中空玻璃锚杆注浆由于对岩体的改良效果,比单设锚杆时更能控制掌子面的挤出位移,更有效的减小超前核心围岩塑性区的深度和范围。
4.提出适合浏阳河隧道的超前预加固方式。运用FLAC3D有限差分软件,模拟经超前预加固后对掌子面变形、隧道收敛、塑性区分布、地表沉降的影响,在此基础上,应用模型试验对所选施工方法进行验证,证明所采用的超前预加固参数是合理有效的。
在客运专线建设中会遇到较多的大断面隧道,在软弱围岩等不良地质条件下,通过对掌子面前方核心土进行预加固以及掌子面外的预支护,可以明显的提高核心土的强度并改善其受力情况,显著的减少掌子面的变形和缩小塑性区范围,减小了隧道的预收敛,提高了施工过程中工作面的稳定性。
The tunnels in the Passenger Dedicated Lines offen are double track tunnels in order to solve the aerodynamics problems,the clearance area of these tunnels is above 100 square meters.The stability of the cutting face has rised to the most important factor of the security with the dimension increasing.
This article has done following work based on Liuyang River Tunnel:
1.It summarizes the experience of domestic and foreign tunnels with large section, and introduce the theory of the ADECO-RS approach.
2. The research dicusses the face extrusion、plastic area、characteristic of collapse、surface settlement based on the numerical simulation with four types of dimension in the ground condition from II class to VI class,then summarizes the collapse types of the cutting face and offer a classification of the stability of the shallow tunnel with large cross section.
3. The pipe-roof can not reduce the pre-convergence evidently without primary support or pre-reinforcing the advance core,so the cutting face is still not stabile.The fiberglass reinforced rock bolt and grouting could improve the strength and stiffness of the advance core,cut down the depth of the plastic area. The fiberglass bolt with grouting has much better effect than bolt used only to control the extrusion and plastic area.
4. Suggest the pre-reinforcement method and parameters which is suitable for the large span Liuyang River Tunnel preliminary by contrasting the result before. Find the influence of the pre-reinforcement method on the face extrusion、convergence、surface settlement and the prime support by three-dimensional numerical simulation, then verify the previous result by model test to ensure the method and parameters is effective.
It will meet many tunnels with large section in the Passenger Dedicated Lines, the stiffness of the advance core will increase evidently by the pre-reinforcement, and the face extrusion and convergence can be reduced,so enhance the security of construction.
论文以武广高速浏阳河隧道下穿河底段为工程背景,主要进行了以下几个方面的工作：
1.总结国外大跨隧道超前预加固的研究经验,简要阐述了岩土控制变形分析(ADECO-RS)方法(新意法)的基本理念。
2.通过数值模拟计算了Ⅱ～Ⅵ级围岩条件下4种不同尺寸大断面隧道的开挖情况,研究了相应各种情况下掌子面的变形、塑性区分布、破坏特征以及拱顶位移及地层变形情况。对掌子面的塑性破坏特征进行了总结归纳,以围岩条件和隧道尺寸为主要参考因素对大断面隧道掌子面稳定性提出了参考的分类标准。
3.计算表明,在软岩大断面隧道开挖过程中,如果没有初期支护以及对超前核心围岩进行加固,只采用大管棚预加固时,其梁拱效应不明显,超前核心围岩的变形仍然较大,掌子面不能保持稳定。超前玻璃锚杆及注浆均能显著提高核心土自身的强度和刚度,大大减小塑性区的深度。中空玻璃锚杆注浆由于对岩体的改良效果,比单设锚杆时更能控制掌子面的挤出位移,更有效的减小超前核心围岩塑性区的深度和范围。
4.提出适合浏阳河隧道的超前预加固方式。运用FLAC3D有限差分软件,模拟经超前预加固后对掌子面变形、隧道收敛、塑性区分布、地表沉降的影响,在此基础上,应用模型试验对所选施工方法进行验证,证明所采用的超前预加固参数是合理有效的。
在客运专线建设中会遇到较多的大断面隧道,在软弱围岩等不良地质条件下,通过对掌子面前方核心土进行预加固以及掌子面外的预支护,可以明显的提高核心土的强度并改善其受力情况,显著的减少掌子面的变形和缩小塑性区范围,减小了隧道的预收敛,提高了施工过程中工作面的稳定性。
The tunnels in the Passenger Dedicated Lines offen are double track tunnels in order to solve the aerodynamics problems,the clearance area of these tunnels is above 100 square meters.The stability of the cutting face has rised to the most important factor of the security with the dimension increasing.
This article has done following work based on Liuyang River Tunnel:
1.It summarizes the experience of domestic and foreign tunnels with large section, and introduce the theory of the ADECO-RS approach.
2. The research dicusses the face extrusion、plastic area、characteristic of collapse、surface settlement based on the numerical simulation with four types of dimension in the ground condition from II class to VI class,then summarizes the collapse types of the cutting face and offer a classification of the stability of the shallow tunnel with large cross section.
3. The pipe-roof can not reduce the pre-convergence evidently without primary support or pre-reinforcing the advance core,so the cutting face is still not stabile.The fiberglass reinforced rock bolt and grouting could improve the strength and stiffness of the advance core,cut down the depth of the plastic area. The fiberglass bolt with grouting has much better effect than bolt used only to control the extrusion and plastic area.
4. Suggest the pre-reinforcement method and parameters which is suitable for the large span Liuyang River Tunnel preliminary by contrasting the result before. Find the influence of the pre-reinforcement method on the face extrusion、convergence、surface settlement and the prime support by three-dimensional numerical simulation, then verify the previous result by model test to ensure the method and parameters is effective.
It will meet many tunnels with large section in the Passenger Dedicated Lines, the stiffness of the advance core will increase evidently by the pre-reinforcement, and the face extrusion and convergence can be reduced,so enhance the security of construction.
引文
[1]王梦恕.北京地铁浅埋暗挖法施工.岩石力学与工程学报,1989,8(1)：52～61
[2]王正松,孙铁成,高波.全断面预加固隧道施工工法(新意法).铁道标准设计,2007,增刊：170～173.
[3]G.Lombard,D.Deere.Grouting design and controlling the GIN principle. WaterPower & Damconstruction,1993, (6)
[4]Lunardi, P.The design and construction of tunnels using the approach based on the analysis of controlled deformation in rocks and soils.T&T International ADECO-RS Approach.MAY 2000
[5]王伟峰.软岩偏压双连拱隧道管棚预支护参数研究.北京交通大学硕士论文,2006
[6]朱维申,何满潮.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学.科学出版社,1995
[7]陶振宇.岩石力学的理论与实践.水利出版社,1981：362
[8]王守仁.隧道坍方面面谈.铁道工程学报,1999,(3)：45～51
[9]王文权.大跨软岩地铁随道施工方法研究.西南交大硕士论文,2000
[10]葛家良.软岩巷道注浆加固机理及注浆技术若干问题的研究.中国矿业大学博士论文大学,1995
[11]陈炎光,陆士良.中国煤矿巷道围岩控制.中国矿业大学出版社,1994
[12]达维道夫B.B.加固矿山岩层的化学方法.煤炭工业出版社,1981
[13]周维垣,杨若琼.二滩拱坝注浆电镜扫描结果及分析.国际岩土灌浆及锚固技术新发展.中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[14]杨米加,张农.破裂岩体加固后本构模型的研究.金属矿山,1998(5)
[15]梁炯望主编.锚固与注浆技术手册.中国电力出版社,1999
[16]孙钊.大坝基岩灌浆.中国水利水电出版社,2004：97～120
[17]张钢琴.纤维聚合物锚杆的锚固机理及数值分析.郑州大学硕士论文,2004
[18]郭桃明,李德武,宋妍.核心土对软弱围岩隧道掌子面稳定性的影响.兰州交通大学学报,2007,26(6)：34～37
[19]钟新樵.隧道及地下工程专题技术一地下工程浅埋暗挖法.西南交通大学,1998
[20]皇甫明,孔恒,王梦恕,姚海波.核心土留设对隧道工作面稳定性的影响.岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(3)：521～524
[21]In-MoLee,Jae-SungLee,Seok-WooNma. Eeffet of seepage force on tullnel Face stability enforced with multi-step pip grouting. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2004(19):551-565
[22]徐芝纶.弹性力学.人民教育出版社,1979.
[23]黄伦海,刘伟,吴梦军.单洞4车道公路隧道开挖模型试验研究.公路隧道, 2007(4)。
[24]曾亚武,赵震英.地下洞室模型试验研究.岩石力学与工程报,2001(20)
[25]申玉生,赵玉光.双连拱隧道围岩稳定性模拟试验研究.公路隧道,2006
[26]重庆交通科研设计院.公路隧道设计规范.人民交通出版社,2004
[27]师金锋,张应龙.超大断面隧道围岩的稳定性分析.地下空间月工程学报,2005,227～230
[28]张晓峰.大管棚支护条件下顶进箱涵开挖掌子面土体稳定性分析.建筑科学,2007,23(7)：52～54
[29]关宝树.隧道工程施工要点集.北京,人民交通出版社,2003
[30]Sun X. Grouted rockbolt used in underground engineering in soft surrounding rock or in highly stressed regions. Proeeedings of the International Symposium on Rock Bolting,1984.
[31]Z. Tao, J. X. Chen.Behavior of rock bolting as tunnel support. Proeeedings of the International Symposium on Rock Bolting,1984.
[32]E. CadenZa, G. Manfred, and R. Relafen. Behavior and Modeling of Bond of FRP Rears to Concrete. Journal of Composites for Construction,1997.
[33]张彦斌.水平旋喷注浆预支护技术作用机理与效果研究.北京交通大学硕士论文,2006
[34]马同骤译.巷道围岩的应力状态.隧道译丛,1990,(6)：60-62
[35]马同骤译.管栩支护与土壤的相互作用.隧道译丛,1986,(3)：34～38
[36]吴梦军,黄伦海,刘新荣.特大断面隧道施工方法试验研究.重庆建筑大学学报,2005,27(5)
[37]H. Xue, Bellavance, B. Benrnokrane. Bond strength of fiber reinforced plastic(FRP) cement grouted anchor bolts. Non-metallic reinforcement for concrete structures,1995
[38]Kotake. N, Yamamoto. Design for umbrella method based on numerical analysys and field measurements. Tunneling and Ground Conditions,1994:501～508
[39]常艄东.管棚法超前预支护作用机理的研究.西南交通大学博士学位论文,1999
[40]吴军民.管棚注浆法在浅埋破碎地层隧道开挖中的加固机理及效用研究.国外建材科技,2004
[41]陈浩.崇文门车站过既有线管棚施工及变形分析.隧道建设,2006,26(3)：78～80
[42]徐金坤.超前大管棚预支护技术在东田隧道中的应用.企业技术开发,2005,24：27～29
[43]董新平.软弱地层管棚作用特性判别和分析.地下空间与工程学报,2006,2：631～634
[44]Peila, D. Oreste, P. P. Study on the influence of sub-horizontal fiber-glass pipes on the stability of a tunnel face. North American Tunneling,1996,425～432
[45]Yoo, C.S, Shin, H.K. Behavior of tunnel face pre-reinforced with sub-horizontal pipes. Geotechnical Aspect of Underground Construction in Soft Ground,2000, 463～468
[46]AI.Hallak.R, Garnier.J. Experimental study of the stability of a tunnel face reinforced by bolts. Geotechnical Aspect of Underground Construction in Soft Ground,2000,65～68
[47]Calvello.M, Taylor.R.N.Centrifuge modeling of a spile-reinforced tunnel heading. Geotechnical Aspect of Underground Construction in Soft Ground,2000,344～345
[48]陈涛,梅志荣,李传富.隧道玻璃纤维锚杆全断面预加固技术的应用研究.现代隧道技术,2008(增刊)：226～231
[49]孙均,朱合华.软弱围岩隧洞施工性态的模拟与分析.岩土力学,1994,15(4)
[50]杨正保.隧洞掘进超前支护技术研究.武汉大学硕士学位论文,2005
[51]孔恒.城市地铁隧道浅埋暗挖法地层预加固机理及其应用研究.北京交通大学博士论文,2003
[52]陈育民,徐鼎平.FLAC／FLAC3D基础与工程实例.中国水利水电出版社,2008
[53]黄明琦,郭衍敬,张斌.软弱围岩大断面隧道径向注浆变形的控制.北京工业大学学报,2007,33(5)
[54]Davis.R.J,Gunn.M.J. The stability of shallow tunnels and underground opening in cohesive material. Geotechnique,1980:397～419
[55]Mair.R.J. Settlement effects of bored tunnels. Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground,1996:43～53
[2]王正松,孙铁成,高波.全断面预加固隧道施工工法(新意法).铁道标准设计,2007,增刊：170～173.
[3]G.Lombard,D.Deere.Grouting design and controlling the GIN principle. WaterPower & Damconstruction,1993, (6)
[4]Lunardi, P.The design and construction of tunnels using the approach based on the analysis of controlled deformation in rocks and soils.T&T International ADECO-RS Approach.MAY 2000
[5]王伟峰.软岩偏压双连拱隧道管棚预支护参数研究.北京交通大学硕士论文,2006
[6]朱维申,何满潮.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学.科学出版社,1995
[7]陶振宇.岩石力学的理论与实践.水利出版社,1981：362
[8]王守仁.隧道坍方面面谈.铁道工程学报,1999,(3)：45～51
[9]王文权.大跨软岩地铁随道施工方法研究.西南交大硕士论文,2000
[10]葛家良.软岩巷道注浆加固机理及注浆技术若干问题的研究.中国矿业大学博士论文大学,1995
[11]陈炎光,陆士良.中国煤矿巷道围岩控制.中国矿业大学出版社,1994
[12]达维道夫B.B.加固矿山岩层的化学方法.煤炭工业出版社,1981
[13]周维垣,杨若琼.二滩拱坝注浆电镜扫描结果及分析.国际岩土灌浆及锚固技术新发展.中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[14]杨米加,张农.破裂岩体加固后本构模型的研究.金属矿山,1998(5)
[15]梁炯望主编.锚固与注浆技术手册.中国电力出版社,1999
[16]孙钊.大坝基岩灌浆.中国水利水电出版社,2004：97～120
[17]张钢琴.纤维聚合物锚杆的锚固机理及数值分析.郑州大学硕士论文,2004
[18]郭桃明,李德武,宋妍.核心土对软弱围岩隧道掌子面稳定性的影响.兰州交通大学学报,2007,26(6)：34～37
[19]钟新樵.隧道及地下工程专题技术一地下工程浅埋暗挖法.西南交通大学,1998
[20]皇甫明,孔恒,王梦恕,姚海波.核心土留设对隧道工作面稳定性的影响.岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(3)：521～524
[21]In-MoLee,Jae-SungLee,Seok-WooNma. Eeffet of seepage force on tullnel Face stability enforced with multi-step pip grouting. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2004(19):551-565
[22]徐芝纶.弹性力学.人民教育出版社,1979.
[23]黄伦海,刘伟,吴梦军.单洞4车道公路隧道开挖模型试验研究.公路隧道, 2007(4)。
[24]曾亚武,赵震英.地下洞室模型试验研究.岩石力学与工程报,2001(20)
[25]申玉生,赵玉光.双连拱隧道围岩稳定性模拟试验研究.公路隧道,2006
[26]重庆交通科研设计院.公路隧道设计规范.人民交通出版社,2004
[27]师金锋,张应龙.超大断面隧道围岩的稳定性分析.地下空间月工程学报,2005,227～230
[28]张晓峰.大管棚支护条件下顶进箱涵开挖掌子面土体稳定性分析.建筑科学,2007,23(7)：52～54
[29]关宝树.隧道工程施工要点集.北京,人民交通出版社,2003
[30]Sun X. Grouted rockbolt used in underground engineering in soft surrounding rock or in highly stressed regions. Proeeedings of the International Symposium on Rock Bolting,1984.
[31]Z. Tao, J. X. Chen.Behavior of rock bolting as tunnel support. Proeeedings of the International Symposium on Rock Bolting,1984.
[32]E. CadenZa, G. Manfred, and R. Relafen. Behavior and Modeling of Bond of FRP Rears to Concrete. Journal of Composites for Construction,1997.
[33]张彦斌.水平旋喷注浆预支护技术作用机理与效果研究.北京交通大学硕士论文,2006
[34]马同骤译.巷道围岩的应力状态.隧道译丛,1990,(6)：60-62
[35]马同骤译.管栩支护与土壤的相互作用.隧道译丛,1986,(3)：34～38
[36]吴梦军,黄伦海,刘新荣.特大断面隧道施工方法试验研究.重庆建筑大学学报,2005,27(5)
[37]H. Xue, Bellavance, B. Benrnokrane. Bond strength of fiber reinforced plastic(FRP) cement grouted anchor bolts. Non-metallic reinforcement for concrete structures,1995
[38]Kotake. N, Yamamoto. Design for umbrella method based on numerical analysys and field measurements. Tunneling and Ground Conditions,1994:501～508
[39]常艄东.管棚法超前预支护作用机理的研究.西南交通大学博士学位论文,1999
[40]吴军民.管棚注浆法在浅埋破碎地层隧道开挖中的加固机理及效用研究.国外建材科技,2004
[41]陈浩.崇文门车站过既有线管棚施工及变形分析.隧道建设,2006,26(3)：78～80
[42]徐金坤.超前大管棚预支护技术在东田隧道中的应用.企业技术开发,2005,24：27～29
[43]董新平.软弱地层管棚作用特性判别和分析.地下空间与工程学报,2006,2：631～634
[44]Peila, D. Oreste, P. P. Study on the influence of sub-horizontal fiber-glass pipes on the stability of a tunnel face. North American Tunneling,1996,425～432
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