信息化领导团队沟通对共识的影响机制研究
|
摘要
现代企业对于信息系统的依赖程度越来越高。虽然信息化投资巨大,很多企业却不能有效应用信息系统,信息技术的价值得不到充分体现。造成上述现象的原因很大程度在于信息化领导团队(CIO和高管团队)存在“文化隔阂”而又缺乏必要的沟通和交流,难以形成关于信息系统作用的共识和对信息化变革的协同领导。信息化领导团队共识对于实现信息化与业务的匹配、促进信息化成功、提升信息化和企业绩效有重要的意义。
基于沟通辐合理论和社会交换理论,本文构建了信息化领导团队沟通对共识的影响机制模型,提出了沟通、共享知识、信任与共识的因果关系、共享知识和信任的中介作用以及共识在控制变量上的差异性三类假设。借鉴Preston(2004)的研究思路,本文采用了调查研究与案例研究相结合的研究策略,通过配对问卷的形式收集了232家企业的数据,实地访谈了其中10家企业的CIO。采用正确配对的137套数据,本文运用了因子分析、方差分析、基于结构方程模型的路径分析等方法对研究假设进行了检验,并结合4家企业的案例资料对数据分析结果进行了讨论。
本研究的主要结论、理论贡献和创新点包括:
(1)修正了信息系统作用(共识)的构念结构。信息系统作用包括当前作用和长远作用两个方面,其中长远作用又分为两个维度,分别命名为“管理支持”和“竞争力提升”。相应的,共识包括当前作用共识和长远作用共识,后者由管理支持作用共识和竞争力提升作用共识组成。构念因子结构的修正完善了“战略栅格框架”和共识测量的相关理论。
(2)验证了非正式沟通/正式沟通对共识的影响作用。在中国企业情境中,信息化领导团队的非正式沟通对共识有显著正向影响。这是因为,在集体主义国家中,人际关系甚至比任务本身更重要。但也并不能否定正式沟通的作用,两种形式的结合可以达到理想的沟通效果。此结论为Preston等(2006)的跨文化研究提供了中国文化的实证支持。
(3)发现了共享知识和信任与共识两个方面关系的差异性。研究发现,共享知识和信任对当前作用共识无显著影响,而对长远作用共识有显著影响。此结论不仅支持了以往研究中关于共识两个方面无必然联系的主张,而且拓展了关于其影响因素及作用存在差异性的理论观点。
(4)明晰了沟通对共识的影响机制。中介作用检验表明,沟通频率和沟通非正式性对长远作用共识的影响经由了共享知识和信任的部分中介作用。并且,沟通对共识的影响效果还可能受到信息系统成功的调节作用。此结论揭示了信息化领导团队沟通对共识影响的内在路径和情境要素,是对以往研究的整合和深化。
Modern organizations are increasingly dependent on information systems (ISs). In despite of significant investment in ISs, organizations have often found themselves fail to initiate and implement ISs effectively. The“cultural gap”between CIO and top management team (TMT), refered to as ISs leadership team (ISLT), in understanding about the role of ISs has been being regarded as a major obstacle to IS success. ISLT with deficient communication can not synergeticly take charge of organizational chage related to or fueled by IT. Shared understanding (SU) between CIO and TMT can facilitate the alignment of ISs with business and ISs success, which in turn predicts both ISs and business performance.
Based on Communication Convergence theory and Social Exchange theory, this dissertation constructed a research model to depict the effect mechanisms of ISLT communication on SU, and provided three kinds of hypotheses, which were about the effects of communication, shared knowledge and mutual trust, the mediating role of shared knowledge and trust, and the discrepancy of SU on control variables. Mixed approach, survey research combined with case study, directed the data collection. A total of 232 organizations located in 12 provinces were investigated, followed by 10 CIOs interview. With a survey of 137 CIO/TMT matched pairs, the research tested the hypotheses using factor analysis, variance analysis, structural equation modeling and other statistical methods. The empirial results and the case study finding (from 4 cases) were discussed together. The last section of this dissertation presented the limitations and impliations for pratice and future research.
In general, the main conclusions and theoretical contributions of the research included as followings:
(1) The contruct of ISs role and SU were modified. ISs role consisted of current role and future role, and the latter had two demisions, named as managerial support future role and competitive enhancement future role. Accordingly, SU were composed of two distinct aspects, one dimesion for SU on current role and two for SU on future role. The construct modification made contributions to the strategic grid framework theory and the measurement of SU.
(2) It confirmed the effects of informal/formal communication on SU. In Chinese organizations, informal communication between CIO and TMT had a significantly positive impact on SU, which was supported by Hofstede’s national culture theory. However, the influence of formal communication could not be neglected. The combination of the two forms of communication induced indeal effects on SU. The proposition provided Chinese empirical evidence for Preston et al. (2006)’s cross-cultural exploration.
(3) Shared knowledge (CIO business knowledge and TMT IT knowledge) and trust (affect- and cognition-based trust) had different effects on the two aspects of SU. The result showed that SU on future role rather than SU on current role was influenced by these variables, which not only supported the suggestion that the two aspects of SU were distinct, but also enriched our knowledge of the different antecedents of and the dissimilar effects on SU in current and future time frame.
(4) The research clarified the effect mechanisms of communication on SU. The mediation analysis indicated that shared knowledge and trust partially mediated the impact of communication frequency and informality on SU on future role. Moreover, case study results manifested the moderating role of IS success on the relationship between communication and SU. Generally, those findings integrated and expanded prior research, by uncovering the influence path and contingency factor.
基于沟通辐合理论和社会交换理论,本文构建了信息化领导团队沟通对共识的影响机制模型,提出了沟通、共享知识、信任与共识的因果关系、共享知识和信任的中介作用以及共识在控制变量上的差异性三类假设。借鉴Preston(2004)的研究思路,本文采用了调查研究与案例研究相结合的研究策略,通过配对问卷的形式收集了232家企业的数据,实地访谈了其中10家企业的CIO。采用正确配对的137套数据,本文运用了因子分析、方差分析、基于结构方程模型的路径分析等方法对研究假设进行了检验,并结合4家企业的案例资料对数据分析结果进行了讨论。
本研究的主要结论、理论贡献和创新点包括:
(1)修正了信息系统作用(共识)的构念结构。信息系统作用包括当前作用和长远作用两个方面,其中长远作用又分为两个维度,分别命名为“管理支持”和“竞争力提升”。相应的,共识包括当前作用共识和长远作用共识,后者由管理支持作用共识和竞争力提升作用共识组成。构念因子结构的修正完善了“战略栅格框架”和共识测量的相关理论。
(2)验证了非正式沟通/正式沟通对共识的影响作用。在中国企业情境中,信息化领导团队的非正式沟通对共识有显著正向影响。这是因为,在集体主义国家中,人际关系甚至比任务本身更重要。但也并不能否定正式沟通的作用,两种形式的结合可以达到理想的沟通效果。此结论为Preston等(2006)的跨文化研究提供了中国文化的实证支持。
(3)发现了共享知识和信任与共识两个方面关系的差异性。研究发现,共享知识和信任对当前作用共识无显著影响,而对长远作用共识有显著影响。此结论不仅支持了以往研究中关于共识两个方面无必然联系的主张,而且拓展了关于其影响因素及作用存在差异性的理论观点。
(4)明晰了沟通对共识的影响机制。中介作用检验表明,沟通频率和沟通非正式性对长远作用共识的影响经由了共享知识和信任的部分中介作用。并且,沟通对共识的影响效果还可能受到信息系统成功的调节作用。此结论揭示了信息化领导团队沟通对共识影响的内在路径和情境要素,是对以往研究的整合和深化。
Modern organizations are increasingly dependent on information systems (ISs). In despite of significant investment in ISs, organizations have often found themselves fail to initiate and implement ISs effectively. The“cultural gap”between CIO and top management team (TMT), refered to as ISs leadership team (ISLT), in understanding about the role of ISs has been being regarded as a major obstacle to IS success. ISLT with deficient communication can not synergeticly take charge of organizational chage related to or fueled by IT. Shared understanding (SU) between CIO and TMT can facilitate the alignment of ISs with business and ISs success, which in turn predicts both ISs and business performance.
Based on Communication Convergence theory and Social Exchange theory, this dissertation constructed a research model to depict the effect mechanisms of ISLT communication on SU, and provided three kinds of hypotheses, which were about the effects of communication, shared knowledge and mutual trust, the mediating role of shared knowledge and trust, and the discrepancy of SU on control variables. Mixed approach, survey research combined with case study, directed the data collection. A total of 232 organizations located in 12 provinces were investigated, followed by 10 CIOs interview. With a survey of 137 CIO/TMT matched pairs, the research tested the hypotheses using factor analysis, variance analysis, structural equation modeling and other statistical methods. The empirial results and the case study finding (from 4 cases) were discussed together. The last section of this dissertation presented the limitations and impliations for pratice and future research.
In general, the main conclusions and theoretical contributions of the research included as followings:
(1) The contruct of ISs role and SU were modified. ISs role consisted of current role and future role, and the latter had two demisions, named as managerial support future role and competitive enhancement future role. Accordingly, SU were composed of two distinct aspects, one dimesion for SU on current role and two for SU on future role. The construct modification made contributions to the strategic grid framework theory and the measurement of SU.
(2) It confirmed the effects of informal/formal communication on SU. In Chinese organizations, informal communication between CIO and TMT had a significantly positive impact on SU, which was supported by Hofstede’s national culture theory. However, the influence of formal communication could not be neglected. The combination of the two forms of communication induced indeal effects on SU. The proposition provided Chinese empirical evidence for Preston et al. (2006)’s cross-cultural exploration.
(3) Shared knowledge (CIO business knowledge and TMT IT knowledge) and trust (affect- and cognition-based trust) had different effects on the two aspects of SU. The result showed that SU on future role rather than SU on current role was influenced by these variables, which not only supported the suggestion that the two aspects of SU were distinct, but also enriched our knowledge of the different antecedents of and the dissimilar effects on SU in current and future time frame.
(4) The research clarified the effect mechanisms of communication on SU. The mediation analysis indicated that shared knowledge and trust partially mediated the impact of communication frequency and informality on SU on future role. Moreover, case study results manifested the moderating role of IS success on the relationship between communication and SU. Generally, those findings integrated and expanded prior research, by uncovering the influence path and contingency factor.
引文
2 Synnott W. R., Bruber W. H. Information resource management: Opportunities and Strategies for the 1980s [M]. New York: John Wilet & Sons, 1981.转引自Stephens等(1992)。
23 Leifer R., Mills, P. K. An Information Processing Approach for Deciding upon Control Strategies and Reducing Control Loss in Emerging Organizations [J]. Journal of Management, 1996, 22: 113-137.转引自Das和Teng(1998)。
2相关翻译参考了杨青等(2003)。
3 Earl和Feeny(1994)以及Reich和Benbasat(2000)将长远作用的共识称为共享IT愿景(shared IT vision)。
4同第二章脚注3。
5 Keen P G. Shaping the Future: Business Design through Information Technology [M]. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1991.转引自Feeny等(1992); Armstrong和Sambamurthy(1999)。
6同第二章脚注3。
8 Mead R. Cross-Cultural Management Communication [M]. Chichester: John Wiley, 1990.转引自Turner和Müller(2004)。
9 Hofstede G. Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations across Nations (2nd Ed.) Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 2001.转引自Preston等(2006)。
10同本章脚注5,转引自Bassllier(2003),Armstrong和Sambamurthy(1999)。
11外显的信息化资源,包括通用的IT技术,IT人员的技能以及组织的IT支出等。
12 McKenney J. L., Copeland D. Waves of Change: Business Evolution through Information Technelogy [M]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1995.转引自Armstrong和Sambamurthy(1999)。
15研究表明CIO的离职率高、任期相对短,详请参阅Karimi等(1996)。
8 Nunnally(1967)、Boomsma(1982)以及Velicer和Fava(1987, 1989, 1998)均转引自侯杰泰等(2004)。
12 Fowler F. Survey Research Methods [M]. Beverly Hill, CA: Sage Publications, 1988.转引自Preston(2004)。
13 Armstrong J. S., Overton T. S. Estimating nonresponse bias in mail surveys [J]. Journal of Marketing Research, 1977, 14(3): 396-402.转引自Johnson和Lederer(2005)。
14采用结构方程模型分析数据前需要先通过描述性统计分析样本数据的集中趋势、离散程度和分布状态,以确定是否满足其前提条件(黄芳铭, 2005)。
15 Anderson J. C., Gerbing G. W. Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-step Approach [J]. Psychological Bulletin, 1988, 103(3): 411-423.转引自Johnson和Lederer(2005)。
16 Bollen K. A. Structural Equations with Latent Variables [M]. New York: Wiley, 1989。转引自黄芳铭(2005)。
[1] Abrams C., Cross R., Lesser E., et al. Nurturing Interpersonal Trust in Knowledge-Sharing Networks [J]. Academy of Management Executive, 2003, 17(4): 64-78.
[2] Alavi M., Leidner D. E. Review: Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems: Conceptual Foundation and Research Issues [J]. MIS Quarterly, 2001, 25(1): 107-133.
[3] Amason A. C., Moony A. C. The Effects of Past Performance on Top management Team Conflict in Strategic Decision Making [J]. The International Journal of Conflict Management, 1999, 10(4): 340-359.
[4] Anderson J. C., Gerbing G. W. Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-step Approach [J]. Psychological Bulletin, 1988, 103(3): 411-423.
[5] Anderson J. C., Narus J. A. A Model of Distributor Firm and Manufacturer Firm Working Partnerships [J]. Journal of Marketing, 1990, 54(1): 42-58.
[6] Applegate L. M., Elam J. J. New Information Systems Leaders: A Changing Role in a Changing World [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1992, 16(6): 469-489.
[7] Armstrong C. P., Sambamurthy V. Information Technology Assimilation in Firms: The Influence of Senior Leadership and IT Infrastructure [J]. Information Systems Research, 1999, 10(4): 304-342.
[8] Baron R. M., Kenny D. A. The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic and Statistical Considerations [J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986, 51(6): 1173-1182.
[9] Barrick M. R., Bradley B. H., Colbert A. E. The Moderating Role of Top Management Team Interdependence: Implications for Real Teams and Working Groups [J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2007, 50(3):544-557.
[10] Bassellier G. Knowledge and Partnership for Information Technology and Business People [D]. Canada: The University of British Columbia, 2003.
[11] Bassellier G., Benbasat I. Assessing the Contribution of Business and IT Knowledge to the Development of IT/Business Partnership [A]. Proceedings of the 2007 ACM Special Interest Group on Management Information System Conference on Computer Personal Research [C], Missouri, Apr. 19-21, 2007: 203-206.
[12] Bassellier G., Benbasat I. Business Competence of Information Technology Professionals: Conceptual Development and Influence on IT-Business Partnerships [J]. MIS Quarterly, 2004, 28(4): 673-694.
[13] Bassellier G., Benbasat I., Reich B. H. The Influence of Business Manager’s IT Conpetence on Championing IT [J]. Information Systems Reasearch, 2003, 14(4): 317-336
[14] Becerra M., Gupta A. Perceived Trustworthiness within the Organization: The Moderating Impact of Communication Frequency on Trustor and Trustee Effects [J]. Organization Science, 2003, 14(1): 32-44.
[15] Boynton A. C., Zmud R. W., Jacobs G. C. The Influence of IT Management Practice on IT Use in Large Organizations [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1994, 18(3): 299-318.
[16] Bradley R. V., Pridmore J., Byrd T. A. Information Systems Success in the Context of Different Corporate Cultural Types: An Empirical Investigation [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 2006, 23(2): 267-294.
[17] Burke C. S., Sims D. E., Lazzara E. H., et al. Trust in Leadership: A Multi-Level Review and Integration [J]. The Leadership Quarterly, 2007, 18(6): 606-632.
[18] Byrd T. A., Thrasher E. H., Lang T., Davidson N. W. A Process-Oriented Perspective of IS Success: Examining the Impact of IS on Operation Cost [J]. Omega: The International Journal of Management Science, 2006, 34(5): 448-460.
[19] Campbell B. R. The Role of Trust in IS/Business Alignment [A]. Proceedings of 7th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems [C], Adelaide, South Australia, July 2003: 903-915.
[20] Cannon-Bowers J. A., Salas E. Reflections on Shared Cognition [J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2001, 22(2): 195-202.
[21] Cannon-Bowers J. A., Salas E., Converse S. A. Shared Mental Models in Expert Team Decision Making [A]. Castellan N. J. Jr. (Eds.). Individual and Group Decision Making: Current Issues [M]. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1993.
[22] Chan Y. E. Why Haven’t We Mastered Alignment? The Importance of the Infomral Organization Structure [J]. MIS Quarterly Executive, 2002, 1(2): 97-112.
[23] Chan Y. E., Huff S. L., Barclay D. W., et al. Business Strategy Orientation, Information Systems Orientation and Strategic Alignment [J]. Information Systems Research, 1997, 8(2): 125-150.
[24] Chan Y. E., Sabherwal R., Thatcher J. B. Antecedents and Outcomes of Strategic IS Alignment: An Empirical Investigation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2006, 53(1): 27-47.
[25] Chen D. Q., Preston D. S. Understanding CIO Role Effectiveness: the Antecedents and Consequents [A]. Proceedings of the 40th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences [C], 2007.
[26] Chiu C. M., Hsu M. H., Wang T. G. Understanding Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Communities: An Integration of Social Capital and Social Cognitive Theories [J]. Decision Support System, 2006, 42(3): 1872-1888.
[27] Chowdhury S. The Role of Affect- and Cognition-based Trust in Complex Knowledge Sharing [J]. Journal of Managerial Issues, 2005, 17(3): 310-326.
[28] Cohen J. F, Toleman M. The IS-Business Relationship and Its Implications for Performance: An Empirical Study of South African and Australian Organizations [J]. International Journal of Information Management, 2006, 26(6): 457-468.
[29] Daft R. L., Lengel R. H. Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness, and Structural Design [J]. Management Science, 1986, 32(5): 554-572.
[30] Daft R. L., Lengel R. H., Trevino L. K. Message Equivocality, Media Selection, and Manager Performance: Implications for Information Systems [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1987, 1(1): 355-366.
[31] Das T. K., Teng B. S. Between Trust and Control: Developing Confidence in Partner Cooperation in Alliances [J]. Academy of Management Review, 1998, 23(3): 491-512.
[32] DeLone W. H., McLean E. R. The DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success: A Ten-year Update [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 2003, 19(4): 9-30.
[33] Doll W. J., Ahmed M. U. Diagnosing and Treating the Credibility Syndrome [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1983, 7(3): 21-32.
[34] Earl M. J., Feeny D. F. Is Your CIO Adding Value [J]? Sloan Management Review, 1994, 35(3): 11-20.
[35] Enns H., Murray E., Huff S. Shared Understanding between IS and Business Executive: Impacts on IS Effectiveness and Business Performance [A]. Proceedings of IS Adiministration Science Association [C], St.John’s, Newfoundland, Canada, 1997: 12-23.
[36] Feeny D. F., Edwards B. R., Simpson K. M. Understanding the CEO/CIO Relationship [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1992, 16(6): 435-448.
[37] Feeny D. F., Willcocks L. P. Core IS Capabilities for Exploiting Information Technology [J]. Sloan Management Review, 1998, 39(3): 9-21.
[38] Fornell C., Laker D. F. Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error [J]. Journal of Marketing Reseach, 1981, 18(1): 39-50.
[39] Gilbert J. A., Tang T. L. An Examination of Organizational Trust Antecedents [J]. Public Personnel Management, 1998, 27(3): 321-338.
[40] Gupta Y. P. The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Information Officer: The Strategic Partnership [J]. Journal of Information Technology, 1991, 6(3/4): 128-139.
[41] Guzley M. Organizational Climate and Communication Climate: Predictors of Commitment to the Organization [J]. Management Communication Quarterly, 1992, 5(4): 379-402.
[42] Hair J. F. Jr., Anderson R. E., Tatham R. L., et al. Multivariate Data Analysis (5th Edition) [M]. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1998.
[43] Hambrick D. Upper Echelons Theory: An Update [J]. Academy of Management Review, 2007, 32(2): 334-343.
[44] He J., Butler B. S., King W. R. Team Cognition: Development and Evolution in Software Project Teams [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 2007, 24(2): 261-292.
[45] Henderson J. C. Plugging into Strategic Partnership: The Critical IS Connection [J]. Sloan Management Review, 1990, 31(3): 7-18.
[46] Henderson J. C., Venkatraman N. Strategic Alignment: Leveraging Informantion Technology for Transforming Organizations [J]. IBM Systems Journal, 1999, 38(2/3): 472-484.
[47] Hullinshead A. B., Brandon D. P. Potential Benefits of Communication in Transactive Memory System [J]. Human Communication Research, 2003, 29(4): 607-615.
[48] Hussin H., King M., Cragg P. IT Alignment in Small Firms [J]. European Journal of Information Systems, 2002, 11(2): 108-127.
[49] Ipe M. Knowledge Sharing on Organizations: A Conceptual Framework [J]. Human Resource Development Review, 2003, 2(4): 337-359
[50] Jarvenpaa S. L., Ives B. Executives Involvement and Participation in the Management of Information Technology [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1991, 15(2): 205-228.
[51] Jarvenpaa S. L., Knoll, K., Leidner, D. E. Is Anybody Out There? Antecedents of Trust in Global Virtual Teams [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 1998, 14(2): 29-64.
[52] Jarvenpaa S. L., Leidner D. E. Communication and Trust in Global Virtual Teams [J]. Organization Science, 1999, 10(6): 791-815.
[53] Jo S., Shim S. Paradigm Shift of Employee Communication: The Effect of Management Communication on Trusting Relationships [J]. Public Relationship Review, 2005, 31(2): 277-280.
[54] Johnson A. M., Lederer A. L. The Effect of Communication Frequency and Channel Richness on the Convergence between Chief Executive and Chief Information Officers [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 2005, 22(2): 227-252.
[55] Johnson A. M., Lederer A. L. The Impact of Communication between CEOs and CIOs on Their Shared Views of the Current and Future Role of IT [J]. Information Systems Management, 2007, 24(1): 85-90.
[56] Johnson A. M., Lederer A. L. Two Predictors of CEO/CIO Convergence [A]. Proceedings of Special Interest Group on Management Information Systems Conference on on Computer Personnel Research [C], Pennsylvania, Apr. 10-12, 2003: 162-167.
[57] Johnson J. D., Donohue W. A., Atkin C. K., et al. Differences between Formal and Informal Communication Channels [J]. The Journal of Business Commmunication, 1994, 31(2): 111-213.
[58] Jones M. C., Taylor G. S., Spencer B. A. The CEO/CIO Relationship Revisited: An Empirical Assessment of Satisfaction with IS [J]. Information & Management, 1995, 29(3): 123-130.
[59] J?reskog K. G., S?rbom D. LISREL 8.14: Structural Equation Modeling with the SIMPLIS Command Language [M]. Chicago: Scientific Software International, 1993.
[60] Kacmar K. M., Witt L. A., Zivnuska S., et al. The Interactive Effect of Leader–Member Exchange and Communication Frequency on Performance Ratings [J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2003, 88(4): 764-772.
[61] Kaplan B., Duchon D. Combining Qualititative Methods in Information Systems Research: A Case Study [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1988, 12(4): 570-587.
[62] Karahanna E., Watson R. T. Information Systems Leadership [J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2006, 53(2): 171-176.
[63] Karimi J., Gupta Y. P. The Congruence between A Firm’s Competitive Strategy and Information Technology Leader’s Rank and Role [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 1996, 13(1): 63-89.
[64] Kearns G. S., Lederer A. L. A Resourced-based View of Strategic IT Alignment: How Knowledge Sharing Creates Competitive Advantage [J]. Decision. Sciences, 2003, 34 (1): 1-29.
[65] Kearns G. S., Sabherwal R. Strategic Alignment between Business and Information Technology: A Knowledge-Based View of Behaviors, Outcome, and Consequences [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 2006/7, 23(3): 129-162.
[66] Khandelwal V. K. An Emipirical Study of Misalignment between Australian CEOs and IT Managers [J]. Strategic Information Systems, 2001, 10(1): 15-28.
[67] Kleinsmann M., Valkenburg R. Barriers and Enablers for Creating Shared Understanding in Co-design Projects [J]. Design Studies, 2008, 29(4): 369-386.
[68] Klimoski B., Mohammed S. Team Menral Model: Construct or Metaphor [J]? Journal of Management, 1994, 20(2): 403-437.
[69] Kramer R. M. Trust and Distrust in Organization: Emerging Perspectives, Enduring Questions [J]. Annual Review of Psychology, 1999, 50: 569-598.
[70] Kuo C. C. Research on Impacts of Team Leadership on Team Effectiveness [J]. Journal of American Academy of Business, 2004, 5(1/2): 266-277
[71] Langfield-Smith K. Exploring the Need for Shared Cognitive Map [J]. Journal of Management Studies, 1992, 29(3): 349-368.
[72] Lederer A. L., Mendelow A. L. Convincing Top Management of the Strategic Potential of Information Systems [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1988, 12(4): 524-535.
[73] Lee G. G., Pai J. Effects of Organizational Context and Inter-group Behaviour on the Success of Strategic Information Systems Planning: An Empirical Study [J]. Behaviour and Information Technology, 2003, 22(4), 263-280.
[74] Leidner D. E., Kayworth T. A Review of Culture in Information Systems Research: Toward A Theory of Information Technology Culture Conflict [J]. MIS Quarterly, 2006, 30(2): 357-399.
[75] Levin D., Cross R. The Strength of Weak Ties You Can Trust: The Mediating Role of Trust in Effective Knowledge Transfer [J]. Management Science, 2004, 50(11): 1477-1490.
[76] Lewis J. D., Weigert A. Trust as a Social Reality [J]. Social Force, 1985, 63(4): 967-985.
[77] Liang H. G., Saraf N. Assimilation of Enterprise Systems: The Effect of Institutional Pressures and the Mediating Role of Top Management [J]. MIS Quarterly, 2007, 31(1): 59-87.
[78] Liden R. C., Maslyn J. M. Multidimensionality of Leader-Member Exchange: An Empirical Assessment through Scaie Development [J]. Journal ol Management, 1998, 4(1): 4.1-72.
[79] Lind M., Zumd R. W. The Influence of a Convergence in Understanding between Technology Providers and Users on Information Technology Innovativeness [J]. Organization Science, 1991, 2(2): 195-217.
[80] Loomis J. L. Communication, the Development of Trust and Cooperative Behavior [J]. Human Relations, 1959, 12(1): 305-315.
[81] Luftman J. Assessing IT/Business Alignment [J]. Information Strategy: The Executive’s Journal, 2003, 20(1): 7-14.
[82] Luftman J. N. Align in the Sand [J]. Computerworld, Leadership Series, 1997, 3(2): 1-11.
[83] Luftman J. N., Papp R., Broer T. Enablers and Inhibitors of Business-IT Alignment [J]. Communication of AIS, 1999, 1(11): 1-32.
[84] Markus M. L., Robey D. Information Technology and Organizational Change: Causal Structure in Theory and Research [J]. Management Science, 1988, 34(5): 583-599.
[85] Marsh H. W., Hau K. T., Balla J. R., et al. Is More Ever Too Much: The Number of Indictors Per Factor in Confirmatory Factor Analysis [J]. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1998, 33(2): 181-220.
[86] Martins L. L., Kambil A. Looking Back and Thinking Ahead: Effects of Prior Success on Managers’Interpretation of New Information Technologies [J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1999, 42(6): 625-661.
[87] Mayer R. C., Davis J. H., Schoorman F. D. An Integration Model of Organizational Trust [J]. Academy of Management Review, 1995, 20(3): 709-734
[88] McAllister D. J. Affect- and Cognition-based Trust as Foundations for Interpersonal Cooperation in Organizations [J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1995, 38(1): 24-59.
[89] McFarlan F. W., McKenney J. L., Pyburn P. Information Archipelago: Plotting a Course [J]. Harvard Business Review, 1983, 61(1): 145-161.
[90] McKnight D. H., Choudhury V., Kacmar C. Developing and Validating Trust Measures for E-Commerce: An Integrative Typology [J]. Information Systems Research, 2002, 13(3): 334-359.
[91] Mishra A. Organizational Response to Crisis [A]. Kramer R., Tyler T. (Eds). Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research [M], Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1996.
[92] Mohammed S., Klimoski R., Rentsch J. R. The Measurment of Team Mental Models: We Have no Shared Schema [J]. Organizational Research Methods, 2000, 3(2): 123-166.
[93] Moorman C., Zaltman G., Deshpande R. Relationships between Providers and Users of Market Research: the Dynamics of Trust within and between Organizations [J]. Journal of Marketing Research, 1992, 29(2): 314-329.
[94] Morand D. A. The Role of Behavioral Formality and Informality in the Enactment of Bureaucratic Versus Organic Organizations [J]. Academy of Management Review, 1995, 20(4): 831-872.
[95] Morgan R. M., Hunt S. D. The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing [J]. Journal of Marketing, 1994, 58(3): 20-38.
[96] Morrow J. L., Hansen M. H., Pearcon A. W. The Cognitive and Affective Antecedents of General Truct within Organizations [J]. Journal of Management Issues, 2004, 26(1): 48-64.
[97] Nagendra P. B. Leadership Development for the Information Economy [J]. International Journal of Commerce & Management, 2000, 10(3/4): 1.
[98] Nahapiet J., Ghoshal S. Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organization Advantage [J]. Academy of Management Review, 1998, 23(2): 242-266.
[99] Nelson K. M., Cooprider J. G. The Contribution of Shared Knowledge to IS Group Performance [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1996, 20(4): 409-432.
[100] Nicolaou A. I., Masoner M. M., Welker R. B. Intent to Enhance Information Systems as a Function of System Success [J]. Journal of Information Systems, 1995, 9(2): 93-108.
[101] Nonaka I. A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation [J]. Organization Science, 1994, 5(1): 14-37.
[102] Norman, G. R. and Streiner, D. L. Biostatistics: The Bare Essentials [M]. St.Louis, MO: Mosby, 1994.
[103] Oz E., Sosik J. J. Why Information Systems Projects are Abandoned: A Leadership and Communication Theory and Exploratory Study [J]. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 2000, 41(1): 66-78.
[104] Patrashkova-Volzdoska R. R., McComb S. A. Green S. G., et al. Examining a Curvilinear Relationship Between Communication Frequency and Team Performance in Cross-Functional Project Teams [J].IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2003, 50(3): 262-269.
[105] Petter S., DeLone W., McLean E. Measuring Information Systems Success: Models, Dimensions, Measures, and Interrelationships [J]. European Journal of Information Systems, 2008, 17(3): 236-263.
[106] Pinsonneault A., Kraemer K. L. Survey Research Methodology in Management Information Systems: An Assement [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 1993, 10(2): 75-106.
[107] Preston D. S. Shared Mental Models between the Chief Information Officer and Top Management Team: Towards Information Systems Strategic Alignment [D]. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia, 2004.
[108] Preston D. S., Karahanna E. Mechanisms for the Development of Shared Mental Models between the CIO and Top Management Team [A]. Proceedings of 25th Annual International Conference on Information System [C], Washington, DC, 2004: 465-480.
[109] Preston D. S., Karahanna E., Rowe F. Development of Shared Understanding between the Chief Information Officer and Top Management Team in U.S. and French Organizations: A Cross-cultural Comparison [J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2006, 53(2): 191-206.
[110] Preston, D.S., Karahanna, E. Antecedents of IS Strategic Alignment: A Nomological Network [J]. Information Systems Research, 2009, 20(2), forthcoming.
[111] Raghunathan B., Raghunathan T. Relationship of the Rank of Information Systems Executive to the Organizational Role and Planning Dimensions of Information Systems [J]. Journal of Management Information System, 1989, 6(1): 111-126.
[112] Raghunathan B., Raghunathan T. S. Planning Implications of the Information Systems Strategic Grid: An Empirical Investigation [J]. Decision Sciences, 1990, 21(2): 287-300.
[113] Raghunathan B., Raghunathan T. S., Tu Q. Dimensionality of the Strategic Grid Framework: The Construct and its Measurement [J]. Information Systems Research, 1999, 10(4):343-355.
[114] Ragunathan B. S., Apigian C. H., Ragunathan T. S., et al. A Path Analytic Study of the Effect of Top Management Support for Information Systems Performance [J]. Omega: The International Journal of Management Science, 2004, 32(6): 459-471.
[115] Raines-Eudy R. Using Structural Equation Modeling to Test for Differential Reliability and Validity: An Empirical Demonstration [J]. Structural Equation Modeling, 2000, 7(1): 124-141.
[116] Ranganathan C., Sethi V. Rationality in Strategic Information Technology Decisions: The Impact of Shared Domain Knowledge and IT Unit Structure [J]. Decision Sciences, 2002, 33(1): 59-86.
[117] Ray G., Muhanna W. A., Barney J. B. Competing With IT: The Role of Shared IT-Business Understanding [J]. Communications of the ACM, 2007, 50(12): 87-91
[118] Ray G., Muhanna W. A., Barney J. B. Information Technology and the Performance of the Customer Service Process: A Resource-Based Investigation [J]. MIS Quarterly, 2005, 29(4): 625-651.
[119] Reich B. H., Benbasat I. Factors that Influence the Social Dimension of Alignment between Business and Information Technology Objectives [J]. MIS Quarterly, 2000, 24(1): 81-113.
[120] Reich B. H., Benbasat I. Measuring the Linkage between Business and Information Technology Obiectives [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1996, 20(1): 55-81.
[121] Rempel J. K., Holmes J. G., Zanna M. D. Trust in Close Relationships [J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1985, 49(1): 95-112.
[122] Rice R. E., Shook D. E. Relationships of Job Categories and Organizational Levels to Use of Communication Channels, Including Electronic Mail: A Meta-Analysis and Extension [J]. Journal of Management Studies, 1990, 27(2): 195-229.
[123] Ridings C., Gefen D., Arinze B. Some Antecedents and Effects of Trust in Virtual Communities [J]. Strategic Information System, 2002, 11(3): 271-275.
[124] Rockart J. F. The Changing Role of the Information Systems Executive: A Critical Success FactorsPerspective [J]. Sloan Management Review, 1982, 24(1): 3-13.
[125] Rockart J. F., Earl M. J., Ross J. W. Eight Imperatives for the New IT Organizations [J]. Sloan Management Review, 1996, 38(1): 43-55.
[126] Ross J. W., Beath C. M., Goodhue D. L. Development Long-Term Competitiveness through IT Asset [J]. Sloan Management Review, 1996, 38(1): 31-42.
[127] Rousseau D. M., Sitkin S. B., Burt R. S., et al. Not So Different After All: A Cross-Discipline View of Trust [J]. Academy of Management Review, 1998, 23(3): 393-404.
[128] Ruppel C. P., Harrington S. J. The Relationship of Communication, Ethical Work Climate, and Trust to Commitment and Innovation [J]. Journal of Business Ethics, 2000, 25(4): 313-328.
[129] Sabherwal R. The Relationship between Information System Planning Sophistication and Information System Success: An Empirical Assessment [J]. Decision Sciences, 1999, 30(1): 137-167.
[130] Sabherwal R., Kirs P. The Alignment between Organizational Critical Success Factors and Infomormation Technology Capability in Academic Institutions [J]. Decision Science, 1994, 25(2): 301-330.
[131] Simons T., Pelled L. H., Smith K. A. Making Use of Differences: Diversity, Debate, and Decision Comprehensiveness in Top Management Teams [J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1999, 42(6): 662-673.
[132] Smaltz D. H. Antecedents of CIO Effectiveness: A Role-Based Perspective [D]. Tallahassee, FL: The Florida State University, 1999.
[133] Smaltz D. H., Sambamurthy V., Agarwal R. The Antecedents of CIO Role Effectiveness in Organizations: An Empirical Study in the Healthcare Sector [J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2006, 53(2): 207-222.
[134] Smith K. G., Smith K. A., Olian J. D., et al. Top Management Team Demography and Process: The Role of Social Integration and Communication [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1994, 39(3): 412-438.
[135] Stephens C. S., Ledbetter W. N., Mitra A., et al. Executive or Functional Manager? The Nature of the CIO's Job [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1992, 16(4): 449-467.
[136] Stoel M. D. The Antecedents and Consequences of Shared Business-IT Understanding: An Empirical Investigation [D]. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University, 2006.
[137] Subramani M. R., Henderson J. C., Cooprider J. Linking IS-User Partnerships to IS Performance: A Socio-Cognitive [R]. MISRC Working Paper WP99-01, University of Minnesota, 1999.
[138] Tan F. B., Gallupe R. B. Aligning Business and Information System Thinking: A Cognitive Approach [J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2006, 53(2): 223-237.
[139] Taylor-Cummings A. Bridging the User-IS Gap: A Study of Major Information Systems Projects [J]. Journal of Information Technology, 1998, 13(1): 29-54.
[140] Teo T. S. H., King W. R. Integration between Business Planning and Information Systems Planning: An Evolutionary-Contingency Perspective [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 1997, 14(1): 185-214.
[141] Tomarken A. J., Waller N. G. Structural Equation Modeling: Strengths, Limitations and Misconceptions [J]. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2005, 1(1): 31-65.
[142] Turner J. R., Müller R. Communication and Co-operation on Projects between the Project Owner as Principal and the Project Manager as Agent [J]. European Management Journal, 2004, 22(3): 327-336.
[143] Van de Ven A. H., Walker G. The Dynamics of Interorganizational Coordination [J]. Adminiatrative Science Quarterly, 1984, 29(4): 598-621.
[144] Wang H., Law K. S., Hackett R. D. et al. Leader-Member Exchange as A Mediator of The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Followers’Performance and Organizational CitizenshipBehavior [J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2005, 48(3): 420-432.
[145] Wang Y., Chen X., Zhao Z. The Integrative Model of CIO Lateral Influence Behavior, Peer’s Trust and Peer’s Commitment [A]. Proceedings of International Conference on Information Technology on Education[C], Wuhan, China, Dec. 2008, vol.5: 229-232.
[146] Watson R. T. Influences on the IS Manager's Perception of Key Issues: Information Scanning and the Relationship with the CEO [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1990, 14(2): 217-231.
[147] Whitener E. M., Brodt S. E., Korsggard M. A. et al. Managers as Initiators of Trust: An Exchange Relationship Framework for Understanding Managerial Trustworthy Behavior [J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1998, 23(3): 513-531.
[148] Wu S., Lin C. S., Lin T. C. Exploring Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Teams: A Social Exchange Theory Perspective [A]. Proceedings of the 39th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences [C], Washington, DC, Jan. 2006: 1-10.
[149] Zhao Z., Wang Y., Bu L. Development of Shared Understanding between CIO and Top Management Team: A Knowledge Sharing Perspective [A]. Proceedings of 2008 International Conference on Management of Technology [C], Taiyuan, China, Aug. 2008: 377-381.
[150] Zollo M., Winter S. G. Deliberate Learning and the Evolution of Dynamic Capability [J]. Organization Science, 2002, 13(3): 339-352.
[151] E-works. 2004-2005中国CIO生存及发展研究报告(1)[J].机械工业信息与网络, 2006, (1): 36-39.
[152] E-works. 2004-2005中国CIO生存及发展研究报告(2)[J].机械工业信息与网络, 2006, (2): 46-49.
[153] E-works. 2004-2005中国CIO生存及发展研究报告(3)[J].机械工业信息与网络, 2006, (3): 44-46.
[154]艾尼尔·K·米什拉.组织对于危机的反应:信任的核心地位[A].罗德里克·M·克雷默,汤姆·R·泰勒组织中的信任[M].北京:中国城市出版社, 2003.
[155]白新文,王二平.共享心智模型研究现状[J].心理科学进展, 2004, 12(5): 791-799.
[156]彼得·圣吉.第五项修炼:学习型组织的艺术和实务[M].郭进隆译.上海:上海三联书店, 1998.
[157]陈晓春. CIO横向影响行为和同级信息化任务承诺的关系研究:同级信任的中介作用[D].天津:河北工业大学, 2008.
[158]陈昭全,张志学.管理研究中的理论建构[A].陈晓平,徐淑英,樊景立主编.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2008.
[159]董小英,刘倩倩,蒋贵凰. CIO影响力调查[J]. IT经理世界, 2006, (1): 69-72.
[160]董小英. CIO的视野[J]. IT经理世界, 2006, (1): 75-76.
[161]樊景立,梁建,陈志俊.实证研究的设计与评价[A].陈晓平,徐淑英,樊景立主编.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2008.
[162]弗洛德·J·福勒.调查研究方法(第3版) [M].孙振东,龙藜,陈芸译.重庆:重庆大学出版社, 2004.
[163]管文颖.团队决策中共享心理模型演化的影响因素研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2006.
[164]国家信息化测评中心(CECA).从企业信息化到信息化企业——2008年度中国企业信息化500强调查报告[EB/OL]. http://i500.cn/2008/20090405.htm, 2009.4.
[165]韩吉韬.面向业务流程的企业内部知识共享机制与支持系统研究[D].天津:天津大学, 2004.
[166]何涛.结构方程模型PLS算法研究[D].天津:天津大学, 2006.
[167]侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用[M].北京:教育科学出版社, 2004.
[168]黄芳铭.结构方程模式:理论与应用[M].北京:中国税务出版社而, 2005.
[169]霍国庆,孟建平,刘斯峰.信息化领导力研究综述[J].管理评论, 2008, 20(4): 31-38, 24.
[170]贾新明,刘亮.结构方程模型与联立方程模型的比较[J].数理统计与管理, 2008, 27(3): 439-446.
[171]姜奇平.性格决定命运:从信息化500强成功之路看领导力[J].互联网周刊, 2005(1): 84-85.
[172]李怀祖.管理研究方法论(第2版) [M].西安:西安交通大学出版社, 2004.
[173]梁建,樊景立.理论构念的测量[A].陈晓萍,徐淑英,樊景立主编.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2008.
[174]罗伯特·K·殷.案例研究:设计与方法[M].周海涛主译.重庆:重庆大学出版社, 2004.
[175]罗胜强,姜嬿.单维构念与多维构念[A].陈晓平,徐淑英,樊景立主编.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2008a.
[176]罗胜强,姜嬿.调节变量和中介变量[A].陈晓平,徐淑英,樊景立主编.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2008b.
[177]罗胜强.管理研究理论和贡献探讨2-Kenny [EB/OL].中人网博客. http://bbs.chinahrd.net/space /viewspacepost.aspx?postid=4049&spaceid=2477.
[178]马可一.民营企业高管团队信任模式演变与绩效机制研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2005.
[179]马克·桑德斯,菲利普·刘易斯,阿德里安·桑希尔.研究方法教程——管理学专业学生用书[M].杨晓燕主译.北京:中国商务出版社, 2004.
[180]马庆国.管理统计:数据获取、统计原理、SPSS工具与应用研究[M].北京:科学出版社, 2002.
[181]邱皓政.结构方程模式: LISREL的理论、技术与应用[M].台北:双叶书廊有限公司, 2003.
[182]申明.探索民营企业信息化发展之路[N].科技日报, 2004.12.9.
[183]孙海法,伍晓奕.企业高层管理团队研究的进展[J].管理科学学报, 2003, 6(4): 82-89.
[184]王慧明. ERP环境下企业信息平台与管理平台匹配度测度研究[D].天津:天津大学, 2004.
[185]王谦. ERP工程中信息平台与管理平台匹配理论及能力评测研究[D].天津:天津大学, 2004.
[186]王云峰,步磊,赵钊等.大众化定制与管理变革[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2009.3.
[187]王云峰,李杰,步磊.从ERP关键成功要素透视中国企业信息化之路[J].管理世界, 2005(8): 153-155.
[188]王云峰,赵钊,陈晓春.基于领导力视角的CIO角色研究[A].信息系统协会中国分会(CNAIS)第二届全国大会论文集[C].昆明:云南科技出版社, 2007: 69-74.
[189]王重鸣,邓靖松.虚拟团队沟通模式对信任和绩效的作用[J].心理科学, 2005, 28(5): 1208-1210.
[190]王重鸣.心理学研究方法[M].北京:人民教育出版社, 1990.
[191]王重托.企业信息化与管理变革[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2001.
[192]温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰等.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报, 2004, 36(5): 614-620.
[193]吴明隆. SPSS统计应用实务:问卷分析与应用统计[M].北京:科学出版社, 2003.
[194]吴盛,林东青,林杏子.以社会交换理论观点探讨影响虚拟团队成员知识分享行为因素[J].信息管理学报(台湾), 2006, 13(1): 193-219.
[195]武欣,吴志明.团队共享心智模型的影响因素与效果[J].心理学报, 2005, 37(4): 542-549.
[196]肖静华.企业信息技术应用水平及关键影响因素研究[D].广州:中山大学, 2007.
[197]谢荷峰.企业员工知识分享中的信任问题实证研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2007.
[198]谢家琳.实证研究中的问卷调查法[A].陈晓平,徐淑英,樊景立主编.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2008.
[199]徐碧祥.员工信任对其知识整合与共享意愿的作用机制研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2007.
[200]徐淑英,欧怡.科学过程与研究设计[A].陈晓萍,徐淑英,樊景立主编.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2008.
[201]杨静.供应链内企业间信任的产生机制及其对合作的影响:基于制造业企业的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2006.
[202]杨青,陈忠民,黄丽华.基于能力的公司规划与信息系统规划战略关系实证研究[J].管理工程学报, 2007, 21(3): 141-145.
[203]杨青,黄丽华,何崑.企业规划与信息系统规划战略一致性实证研究[J].管理科学学报, 2003, 6(4): 43-54.
[204]杨青.基于能力的BP-ISP战略匹配研究[D].上海:复旦大学, 2001.
[205]杨正宇,王重鸣,谢小云.团队共享心理模型研究新进展[J].人类工效学, 2003, 9(3): 34-37.
[206]约翰·P·科特,丹·S·科恩.变革之心[M].刘祥亚译.北京:机械工业出版社, 2003
[207]约翰·P·科特.变革[M].罗立彬等译.北京:机械工业出版社, 2005.
[208]约翰·W·克雷斯威尔.研究设计与写作指导:定性、定量与混合研究的路径[M].崔延强主译,孙振东审校.重庆:重庆大学出版社, 2007.
[209]张伟雄,王畅.因果关系理论的建立——结构方程模型[A].陈晓平,徐淑英,樊景立主编.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2008.
[210]张志学, Hempel P. S.,韩玉兰等.高技术工作团队的交互记忆系统及其效果[J].心理学报, 2006, 28(2): 271-280.
[211]赵水忠,董小英等. 2008年度中国CIO1000调研报告[EB/OL]. http://www.cioinsight.com.cn/html/ dy/2008/11/946.html, 2008.11.
[212]赵水忠,董小英等.中国CIO1000研究报告[J]. CIO Insight, 2007, 11: 40-77.
[213]赵钊,王云峰,方莹等.首席信息官与高层管理团队互动模式及其对共识的影响[J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2008, 29(9): 186-191.
[214]郑伯埙,黄敏萍.实地研究中的案例研究[A].陈晓平,徐淑英,樊景立主编.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2008.
[215]郑伯埙.华人领导:理论与实际[M].台北:桂冠图书公司, 2005.
[216]左美云.知识转移与企业信息化[M].北京:科学出版社, 2006.
23 Leifer R., Mills, P. K. An Information Processing Approach for Deciding upon Control Strategies and Reducing Control Loss in Emerging Organizations [J]. Journal of Management, 1996, 22: 113-137.转引自Das和Teng(1998)。
2相关翻译参考了杨青等(2003)。
3 Earl和Feeny(1994)以及Reich和Benbasat(2000)将长远作用的共识称为共享IT愿景(shared IT vision)。
4同第二章脚注3。
5 Keen P G. Shaping the Future: Business Design through Information Technology [M]. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1991.转引自Feeny等(1992); Armstrong和Sambamurthy(1999)。
6同第二章脚注3。
8 Mead R. Cross-Cultural Management Communication [M]. Chichester: John Wiley, 1990.转引自Turner和Müller(2004)。
9 Hofstede G. Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations across Nations (2nd Ed.) Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 2001.转引自Preston等(2006)。
10同本章脚注5,转引自Bassllier(2003),Armstrong和Sambamurthy(1999)。
11外显的信息化资源,包括通用的IT技术,IT人员的技能以及组织的IT支出等。
12 McKenney J. L., Copeland D. Waves of Change: Business Evolution through Information Technelogy [M]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1995.转引自Armstrong和Sambamurthy(1999)。
15研究表明CIO的离职率高、任期相对短,详请参阅Karimi等(1996)。
8 Nunnally(1967)、Boomsma(1982)以及Velicer和Fava(1987, 1989, 1998)均转引自侯杰泰等(2004)。
12 Fowler F. Survey Research Methods [M]. Beverly Hill, CA: Sage Publications, 1988.转引自Preston(2004)。
13 Armstrong J. S., Overton T. S. Estimating nonresponse bias in mail surveys [J]. Journal of Marketing Research, 1977, 14(3): 396-402.转引自Johnson和Lederer(2005)。
14采用结构方程模型分析数据前需要先通过描述性统计分析样本数据的集中趋势、离散程度和分布状态,以确定是否满足其前提条件(黄芳铭, 2005)。
15 Anderson J. C., Gerbing G. W. Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-step Approach [J]. Psychological Bulletin, 1988, 103(3): 411-423.转引自Johnson和Lederer(2005)。
16 Bollen K. A. Structural Equations with Latent Variables [M]. New York: Wiley, 1989。转引自黄芳铭(2005)。
[1] Abrams C., Cross R., Lesser E., et al. Nurturing Interpersonal Trust in Knowledge-Sharing Networks [J]. Academy of Management Executive, 2003, 17(4): 64-78.
[2] Alavi M., Leidner D. E. Review: Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems: Conceptual Foundation and Research Issues [J]. MIS Quarterly, 2001, 25(1): 107-133.
[3] Amason A. C., Moony A. C. The Effects of Past Performance on Top management Team Conflict in Strategic Decision Making [J]. The International Journal of Conflict Management, 1999, 10(4): 340-359.
[4] Anderson J. C., Gerbing G. W. Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-step Approach [J]. Psychological Bulletin, 1988, 103(3): 411-423.
[5] Anderson J. C., Narus J. A. A Model of Distributor Firm and Manufacturer Firm Working Partnerships [J]. Journal of Marketing, 1990, 54(1): 42-58.
[6] Applegate L. M., Elam J. J. New Information Systems Leaders: A Changing Role in a Changing World [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1992, 16(6): 469-489.
[7] Armstrong C. P., Sambamurthy V. Information Technology Assimilation in Firms: The Influence of Senior Leadership and IT Infrastructure [J]. Information Systems Research, 1999, 10(4): 304-342.
[8] Baron R. M., Kenny D. A. The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic and Statistical Considerations [J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986, 51(6): 1173-1182.
[9] Barrick M. R., Bradley B. H., Colbert A. E. The Moderating Role of Top Management Team Interdependence: Implications for Real Teams and Working Groups [J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2007, 50(3):544-557.
[10] Bassellier G. Knowledge and Partnership for Information Technology and Business People [D]. Canada: The University of British Columbia, 2003.
[11] Bassellier G., Benbasat I. Assessing the Contribution of Business and IT Knowledge to the Development of IT/Business Partnership [A]. Proceedings of the 2007 ACM Special Interest Group on Management Information System Conference on Computer Personal Research [C], Missouri, Apr. 19-21, 2007: 203-206.
[12] Bassellier G., Benbasat I. Business Competence of Information Technology Professionals: Conceptual Development and Influence on IT-Business Partnerships [J]. MIS Quarterly, 2004, 28(4): 673-694.
[13] Bassellier G., Benbasat I., Reich B. H. The Influence of Business Manager’s IT Conpetence on Championing IT [J]. Information Systems Reasearch, 2003, 14(4): 317-336
[14] Becerra M., Gupta A. Perceived Trustworthiness within the Organization: The Moderating Impact of Communication Frequency on Trustor and Trustee Effects [J]. Organization Science, 2003, 14(1): 32-44.
[15] Boynton A. C., Zmud R. W., Jacobs G. C. The Influence of IT Management Practice on IT Use in Large Organizations [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1994, 18(3): 299-318.
[16] Bradley R. V., Pridmore J., Byrd T. A. Information Systems Success in the Context of Different Corporate Cultural Types: An Empirical Investigation [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 2006, 23(2): 267-294.
[17] Burke C. S., Sims D. E., Lazzara E. H., et al. Trust in Leadership: A Multi-Level Review and Integration [J]. The Leadership Quarterly, 2007, 18(6): 606-632.
[18] Byrd T. A., Thrasher E. H., Lang T., Davidson N. W. A Process-Oriented Perspective of IS Success: Examining the Impact of IS on Operation Cost [J]. Omega: The International Journal of Management Science, 2006, 34(5): 448-460.
[19] Campbell B. R. The Role of Trust in IS/Business Alignment [A]. Proceedings of 7th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems [C], Adelaide, South Australia, July 2003: 903-915.
[20] Cannon-Bowers J. A., Salas E. Reflections on Shared Cognition [J]. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2001, 22(2): 195-202.
[21] Cannon-Bowers J. A., Salas E., Converse S. A. Shared Mental Models in Expert Team Decision Making [A]. Castellan N. J. Jr. (Eds.). Individual and Group Decision Making: Current Issues [M]. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1993.
[22] Chan Y. E. Why Haven’t We Mastered Alignment? The Importance of the Infomral Organization Structure [J]. MIS Quarterly Executive, 2002, 1(2): 97-112.
[23] Chan Y. E., Huff S. L., Barclay D. W., et al. Business Strategy Orientation, Information Systems Orientation and Strategic Alignment [J]. Information Systems Research, 1997, 8(2): 125-150.
[24] Chan Y. E., Sabherwal R., Thatcher J. B. Antecedents and Outcomes of Strategic IS Alignment: An Empirical Investigation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2006, 53(1): 27-47.
[25] Chen D. Q., Preston D. S. Understanding CIO Role Effectiveness: the Antecedents and Consequents [A]. Proceedings of the 40th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences [C], 2007.
[26] Chiu C. M., Hsu M. H., Wang T. G. Understanding Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Communities: An Integration of Social Capital and Social Cognitive Theories [J]. Decision Support System, 2006, 42(3): 1872-1888.
[27] Chowdhury S. The Role of Affect- and Cognition-based Trust in Complex Knowledge Sharing [J]. Journal of Managerial Issues, 2005, 17(3): 310-326.
[28] Cohen J. F, Toleman M. The IS-Business Relationship and Its Implications for Performance: An Empirical Study of South African and Australian Organizations [J]. International Journal of Information Management, 2006, 26(6): 457-468.
[29] Daft R. L., Lengel R. H. Organizational Information Requirements, Media Richness, and Structural Design [J]. Management Science, 1986, 32(5): 554-572.
[30] Daft R. L., Lengel R. H., Trevino L. K. Message Equivocality, Media Selection, and Manager Performance: Implications for Information Systems [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1987, 1(1): 355-366.
[31] Das T. K., Teng B. S. Between Trust and Control: Developing Confidence in Partner Cooperation in Alliances [J]. Academy of Management Review, 1998, 23(3): 491-512.
[32] DeLone W. H., McLean E. R. The DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success: A Ten-year Update [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 2003, 19(4): 9-30.
[33] Doll W. J., Ahmed M. U. Diagnosing and Treating the Credibility Syndrome [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1983, 7(3): 21-32.
[34] Earl M. J., Feeny D. F. Is Your CIO Adding Value [J]? Sloan Management Review, 1994, 35(3): 11-20.
[35] Enns H., Murray E., Huff S. Shared Understanding between IS and Business Executive: Impacts on IS Effectiveness and Business Performance [A]. Proceedings of IS Adiministration Science Association [C], St.John’s, Newfoundland, Canada, 1997: 12-23.
[36] Feeny D. F., Edwards B. R., Simpson K. M. Understanding the CEO/CIO Relationship [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1992, 16(6): 435-448.
[37] Feeny D. F., Willcocks L. P. Core IS Capabilities for Exploiting Information Technology [J]. Sloan Management Review, 1998, 39(3): 9-21.
[38] Fornell C., Laker D. F. Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error [J]. Journal of Marketing Reseach, 1981, 18(1): 39-50.
[39] Gilbert J. A., Tang T. L. An Examination of Organizational Trust Antecedents [J]. Public Personnel Management, 1998, 27(3): 321-338.
[40] Gupta Y. P. The Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Information Officer: The Strategic Partnership [J]. Journal of Information Technology, 1991, 6(3/4): 128-139.
[41] Guzley M. Organizational Climate and Communication Climate: Predictors of Commitment to the Organization [J]. Management Communication Quarterly, 1992, 5(4): 379-402.
[42] Hair J. F. Jr., Anderson R. E., Tatham R. L., et al. Multivariate Data Analysis (5th Edition) [M]. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1998.
[43] Hambrick D. Upper Echelons Theory: An Update [J]. Academy of Management Review, 2007, 32(2): 334-343.
[44] He J., Butler B. S., King W. R. Team Cognition: Development and Evolution in Software Project Teams [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 2007, 24(2): 261-292.
[45] Henderson J. C. Plugging into Strategic Partnership: The Critical IS Connection [J]. Sloan Management Review, 1990, 31(3): 7-18.
[46] Henderson J. C., Venkatraman N. Strategic Alignment: Leveraging Informantion Technology for Transforming Organizations [J]. IBM Systems Journal, 1999, 38(2/3): 472-484.
[47] Hullinshead A. B., Brandon D. P. Potential Benefits of Communication in Transactive Memory System [J]. Human Communication Research, 2003, 29(4): 607-615.
[48] Hussin H., King M., Cragg P. IT Alignment in Small Firms [J]. European Journal of Information Systems, 2002, 11(2): 108-127.
[49] Ipe M. Knowledge Sharing on Organizations: A Conceptual Framework [J]. Human Resource Development Review, 2003, 2(4): 337-359
[50] Jarvenpaa S. L., Ives B. Executives Involvement and Participation in the Management of Information Technology [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1991, 15(2): 205-228.
[51] Jarvenpaa S. L., Knoll, K., Leidner, D. E. Is Anybody Out There? Antecedents of Trust in Global Virtual Teams [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 1998, 14(2): 29-64.
[52] Jarvenpaa S. L., Leidner D. E. Communication and Trust in Global Virtual Teams [J]. Organization Science, 1999, 10(6): 791-815.
[53] Jo S., Shim S. Paradigm Shift of Employee Communication: The Effect of Management Communication on Trusting Relationships [J]. Public Relationship Review, 2005, 31(2): 277-280.
[54] Johnson A. M., Lederer A. L. The Effect of Communication Frequency and Channel Richness on the Convergence between Chief Executive and Chief Information Officers [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 2005, 22(2): 227-252.
[55] Johnson A. M., Lederer A. L. The Impact of Communication between CEOs and CIOs on Their Shared Views of the Current and Future Role of IT [J]. Information Systems Management, 2007, 24(1): 85-90.
[56] Johnson A. M., Lederer A. L. Two Predictors of CEO/CIO Convergence [A]. Proceedings of Special Interest Group on Management Information Systems Conference on on Computer Personnel Research [C], Pennsylvania, Apr. 10-12, 2003: 162-167.
[57] Johnson J. D., Donohue W. A., Atkin C. K., et al. Differences between Formal and Informal Communication Channels [J]. The Journal of Business Commmunication, 1994, 31(2): 111-213.
[58] Jones M. C., Taylor G. S., Spencer B. A. The CEO/CIO Relationship Revisited: An Empirical Assessment of Satisfaction with IS [J]. Information & Management, 1995, 29(3): 123-130.
[59] J?reskog K. G., S?rbom D. LISREL 8.14: Structural Equation Modeling with the SIMPLIS Command Language [M]. Chicago: Scientific Software International, 1993.
[60] Kacmar K. M., Witt L. A., Zivnuska S., et al. The Interactive Effect of Leader–Member Exchange and Communication Frequency on Performance Ratings [J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2003, 88(4): 764-772.
[61] Kaplan B., Duchon D. Combining Qualititative Methods in Information Systems Research: A Case Study [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1988, 12(4): 570-587.
[62] Karahanna E., Watson R. T. Information Systems Leadership [J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2006, 53(2): 171-176.
[63] Karimi J., Gupta Y. P. The Congruence between A Firm’s Competitive Strategy and Information Technology Leader’s Rank and Role [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 1996, 13(1): 63-89.
[64] Kearns G. S., Lederer A. L. A Resourced-based View of Strategic IT Alignment: How Knowledge Sharing Creates Competitive Advantage [J]. Decision. Sciences, 2003, 34 (1): 1-29.
[65] Kearns G. S., Sabherwal R. Strategic Alignment between Business and Information Technology: A Knowledge-Based View of Behaviors, Outcome, and Consequences [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 2006/7, 23(3): 129-162.
[66] Khandelwal V. K. An Emipirical Study of Misalignment between Australian CEOs and IT Managers [J]. Strategic Information Systems, 2001, 10(1): 15-28.
[67] Kleinsmann M., Valkenburg R. Barriers and Enablers for Creating Shared Understanding in Co-design Projects [J]. Design Studies, 2008, 29(4): 369-386.
[68] Klimoski B., Mohammed S. Team Menral Model: Construct or Metaphor [J]? Journal of Management, 1994, 20(2): 403-437.
[69] Kramer R. M. Trust and Distrust in Organization: Emerging Perspectives, Enduring Questions [J]. Annual Review of Psychology, 1999, 50: 569-598.
[70] Kuo C. C. Research on Impacts of Team Leadership on Team Effectiveness [J]. Journal of American Academy of Business, 2004, 5(1/2): 266-277
[71] Langfield-Smith K. Exploring the Need for Shared Cognitive Map [J]. Journal of Management Studies, 1992, 29(3): 349-368.
[72] Lederer A. L., Mendelow A. L. Convincing Top Management of the Strategic Potential of Information Systems [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1988, 12(4): 524-535.
[73] Lee G. G., Pai J. Effects of Organizational Context and Inter-group Behaviour on the Success of Strategic Information Systems Planning: An Empirical Study [J]. Behaviour and Information Technology, 2003, 22(4), 263-280.
[74] Leidner D. E., Kayworth T. A Review of Culture in Information Systems Research: Toward A Theory of Information Technology Culture Conflict [J]. MIS Quarterly, 2006, 30(2): 357-399.
[75] Levin D., Cross R. The Strength of Weak Ties You Can Trust: The Mediating Role of Trust in Effective Knowledge Transfer [J]. Management Science, 2004, 50(11): 1477-1490.
[76] Lewis J. D., Weigert A. Trust as a Social Reality [J]. Social Force, 1985, 63(4): 967-985.
[77] Liang H. G., Saraf N. Assimilation of Enterprise Systems: The Effect of Institutional Pressures and the Mediating Role of Top Management [J]. MIS Quarterly, 2007, 31(1): 59-87.
[78] Liden R. C., Maslyn J. M. Multidimensionality of Leader-Member Exchange: An Empirical Assessment through Scaie Development [J]. Journal ol Management, 1998, 4(1): 4.1-72.
[79] Lind M., Zumd R. W. The Influence of a Convergence in Understanding between Technology Providers and Users on Information Technology Innovativeness [J]. Organization Science, 1991, 2(2): 195-217.
[80] Loomis J. L. Communication, the Development of Trust and Cooperative Behavior [J]. Human Relations, 1959, 12(1): 305-315.
[81] Luftman J. Assessing IT/Business Alignment [J]. Information Strategy: The Executive’s Journal, 2003, 20(1): 7-14.
[82] Luftman J. N. Align in the Sand [J]. Computerworld, Leadership Series, 1997, 3(2): 1-11.
[83] Luftman J. N., Papp R., Broer T. Enablers and Inhibitors of Business-IT Alignment [J]. Communication of AIS, 1999, 1(11): 1-32.
[84] Markus M. L., Robey D. Information Technology and Organizational Change: Causal Structure in Theory and Research [J]. Management Science, 1988, 34(5): 583-599.
[85] Marsh H. W., Hau K. T., Balla J. R., et al. Is More Ever Too Much: The Number of Indictors Per Factor in Confirmatory Factor Analysis [J]. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1998, 33(2): 181-220.
[86] Martins L. L., Kambil A. Looking Back and Thinking Ahead: Effects of Prior Success on Managers’Interpretation of New Information Technologies [J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1999, 42(6): 625-661.
[87] Mayer R. C., Davis J. H., Schoorman F. D. An Integration Model of Organizational Trust [J]. Academy of Management Review, 1995, 20(3): 709-734
[88] McAllister D. J. Affect- and Cognition-based Trust as Foundations for Interpersonal Cooperation in Organizations [J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1995, 38(1): 24-59.
[89] McFarlan F. W., McKenney J. L., Pyburn P. Information Archipelago: Plotting a Course [J]. Harvard Business Review, 1983, 61(1): 145-161.
[90] McKnight D. H., Choudhury V., Kacmar C. Developing and Validating Trust Measures for E-Commerce: An Integrative Typology [J]. Information Systems Research, 2002, 13(3): 334-359.
[91] Mishra A. Organizational Response to Crisis [A]. Kramer R., Tyler T. (Eds). Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research [M], Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1996.
[92] Mohammed S., Klimoski R., Rentsch J. R. The Measurment of Team Mental Models: We Have no Shared Schema [J]. Organizational Research Methods, 2000, 3(2): 123-166.
[93] Moorman C., Zaltman G., Deshpande R. Relationships between Providers and Users of Market Research: the Dynamics of Trust within and between Organizations [J]. Journal of Marketing Research, 1992, 29(2): 314-329.
[94] Morand D. A. The Role of Behavioral Formality and Informality in the Enactment of Bureaucratic Versus Organic Organizations [J]. Academy of Management Review, 1995, 20(4): 831-872.
[95] Morgan R. M., Hunt S. D. The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing [J]. Journal of Marketing, 1994, 58(3): 20-38.
[96] Morrow J. L., Hansen M. H., Pearcon A. W. The Cognitive and Affective Antecedents of General Truct within Organizations [J]. Journal of Management Issues, 2004, 26(1): 48-64.
[97] Nagendra P. B. Leadership Development for the Information Economy [J]. International Journal of Commerce & Management, 2000, 10(3/4): 1.
[98] Nahapiet J., Ghoshal S. Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organization Advantage [J]. Academy of Management Review, 1998, 23(2): 242-266.
[99] Nelson K. M., Cooprider J. G. The Contribution of Shared Knowledge to IS Group Performance [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1996, 20(4): 409-432.
[100] Nicolaou A. I., Masoner M. M., Welker R. B. Intent to Enhance Information Systems as a Function of System Success [J]. Journal of Information Systems, 1995, 9(2): 93-108.
[101] Nonaka I. A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation [J]. Organization Science, 1994, 5(1): 14-37.
[102] Norman, G. R. and Streiner, D. L. Biostatistics: The Bare Essentials [M]. St.Louis, MO: Mosby, 1994.
[103] Oz E., Sosik J. J. Why Information Systems Projects are Abandoned: A Leadership and Communication Theory and Exploratory Study [J]. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 2000, 41(1): 66-78.
[104] Patrashkova-Volzdoska R. R., McComb S. A. Green S. G., et al. Examining a Curvilinear Relationship Between Communication Frequency and Team Performance in Cross-Functional Project Teams [J].IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2003, 50(3): 262-269.
[105] Petter S., DeLone W., McLean E. Measuring Information Systems Success: Models, Dimensions, Measures, and Interrelationships [J]. European Journal of Information Systems, 2008, 17(3): 236-263.
[106] Pinsonneault A., Kraemer K. L. Survey Research Methodology in Management Information Systems: An Assement [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 1993, 10(2): 75-106.
[107] Preston D. S. Shared Mental Models between the Chief Information Officer and Top Management Team: Towards Information Systems Strategic Alignment [D]. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia, 2004.
[108] Preston D. S., Karahanna E. Mechanisms for the Development of Shared Mental Models between the CIO and Top Management Team [A]. Proceedings of 25th Annual International Conference on Information System [C], Washington, DC, 2004: 465-480.
[109] Preston D. S., Karahanna E., Rowe F. Development of Shared Understanding between the Chief Information Officer and Top Management Team in U.S. and French Organizations: A Cross-cultural Comparison [J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2006, 53(2): 191-206.
[110] Preston, D.S., Karahanna, E. Antecedents of IS Strategic Alignment: A Nomological Network [J]. Information Systems Research, 2009, 20(2), forthcoming.
[111] Raghunathan B., Raghunathan T. Relationship of the Rank of Information Systems Executive to the Organizational Role and Planning Dimensions of Information Systems [J]. Journal of Management Information System, 1989, 6(1): 111-126.
[112] Raghunathan B., Raghunathan T. S. Planning Implications of the Information Systems Strategic Grid: An Empirical Investigation [J]. Decision Sciences, 1990, 21(2): 287-300.
[113] Raghunathan B., Raghunathan T. S., Tu Q. Dimensionality of the Strategic Grid Framework: The Construct and its Measurement [J]. Information Systems Research, 1999, 10(4):343-355.
[114] Ragunathan B. S., Apigian C. H., Ragunathan T. S., et al. A Path Analytic Study of the Effect of Top Management Support for Information Systems Performance [J]. Omega: The International Journal of Management Science, 2004, 32(6): 459-471.
[115] Raines-Eudy R. Using Structural Equation Modeling to Test for Differential Reliability and Validity: An Empirical Demonstration [J]. Structural Equation Modeling, 2000, 7(1): 124-141.
[116] Ranganathan C., Sethi V. Rationality in Strategic Information Technology Decisions: The Impact of Shared Domain Knowledge and IT Unit Structure [J]. Decision Sciences, 2002, 33(1): 59-86.
[117] Ray G., Muhanna W. A., Barney J. B. Competing With IT: The Role of Shared IT-Business Understanding [J]. Communications of the ACM, 2007, 50(12): 87-91
[118] Ray G., Muhanna W. A., Barney J. B. Information Technology and the Performance of the Customer Service Process: A Resource-Based Investigation [J]. MIS Quarterly, 2005, 29(4): 625-651.
[119] Reich B. H., Benbasat I. Factors that Influence the Social Dimension of Alignment between Business and Information Technology Objectives [J]. MIS Quarterly, 2000, 24(1): 81-113.
[120] Reich B. H., Benbasat I. Measuring the Linkage between Business and Information Technology Obiectives [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1996, 20(1): 55-81.
[121] Rempel J. K., Holmes J. G., Zanna M. D. Trust in Close Relationships [J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1985, 49(1): 95-112.
[122] Rice R. E., Shook D. E. Relationships of Job Categories and Organizational Levels to Use of Communication Channels, Including Electronic Mail: A Meta-Analysis and Extension [J]. Journal of Management Studies, 1990, 27(2): 195-229.
[123] Ridings C., Gefen D., Arinze B. Some Antecedents and Effects of Trust in Virtual Communities [J]. Strategic Information System, 2002, 11(3): 271-275.
[124] Rockart J. F. The Changing Role of the Information Systems Executive: A Critical Success FactorsPerspective [J]. Sloan Management Review, 1982, 24(1): 3-13.
[125] Rockart J. F., Earl M. J., Ross J. W. Eight Imperatives for the New IT Organizations [J]. Sloan Management Review, 1996, 38(1): 43-55.
[126] Ross J. W., Beath C. M., Goodhue D. L. Development Long-Term Competitiveness through IT Asset [J]. Sloan Management Review, 1996, 38(1): 31-42.
[127] Rousseau D. M., Sitkin S. B., Burt R. S., et al. Not So Different After All: A Cross-Discipline View of Trust [J]. Academy of Management Review, 1998, 23(3): 393-404.
[128] Ruppel C. P., Harrington S. J. The Relationship of Communication, Ethical Work Climate, and Trust to Commitment and Innovation [J]. Journal of Business Ethics, 2000, 25(4): 313-328.
[129] Sabherwal R. The Relationship between Information System Planning Sophistication and Information System Success: An Empirical Assessment [J]. Decision Sciences, 1999, 30(1): 137-167.
[130] Sabherwal R., Kirs P. The Alignment between Organizational Critical Success Factors and Infomormation Technology Capability in Academic Institutions [J]. Decision Science, 1994, 25(2): 301-330.
[131] Simons T., Pelled L. H., Smith K. A. Making Use of Differences: Diversity, Debate, and Decision Comprehensiveness in Top Management Teams [J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1999, 42(6): 662-673.
[132] Smaltz D. H. Antecedents of CIO Effectiveness: A Role-Based Perspective [D]. Tallahassee, FL: The Florida State University, 1999.
[133] Smaltz D. H., Sambamurthy V., Agarwal R. The Antecedents of CIO Role Effectiveness in Organizations: An Empirical Study in the Healthcare Sector [J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2006, 53(2): 207-222.
[134] Smith K. G., Smith K. A., Olian J. D., et al. Top Management Team Demography and Process: The Role of Social Integration and Communication [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1994, 39(3): 412-438.
[135] Stephens C. S., Ledbetter W. N., Mitra A., et al. Executive or Functional Manager? The Nature of the CIO's Job [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1992, 16(4): 449-467.
[136] Stoel M. D. The Antecedents and Consequences of Shared Business-IT Understanding: An Empirical Investigation [D]. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University, 2006.
[137] Subramani M. R., Henderson J. C., Cooprider J. Linking IS-User Partnerships to IS Performance: A Socio-Cognitive [R]. MISRC Working Paper WP99-01, University of Minnesota, 1999.
[138] Tan F. B., Gallupe R. B. Aligning Business and Information System Thinking: A Cognitive Approach [J]. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2006, 53(2): 223-237.
[139] Taylor-Cummings A. Bridging the User-IS Gap: A Study of Major Information Systems Projects [J]. Journal of Information Technology, 1998, 13(1): 29-54.
[140] Teo T. S. H., King W. R. Integration between Business Planning and Information Systems Planning: An Evolutionary-Contingency Perspective [J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 1997, 14(1): 185-214.
[141] Tomarken A. J., Waller N. G. Structural Equation Modeling: Strengths, Limitations and Misconceptions [J]. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2005, 1(1): 31-65.
[142] Turner J. R., Müller R. Communication and Co-operation on Projects between the Project Owner as Principal and the Project Manager as Agent [J]. European Management Journal, 2004, 22(3): 327-336.
[143] Van de Ven A. H., Walker G. The Dynamics of Interorganizational Coordination [J]. Adminiatrative Science Quarterly, 1984, 29(4): 598-621.
[144] Wang H., Law K. S., Hackett R. D. et al. Leader-Member Exchange as A Mediator of The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Followers’Performance and Organizational CitizenshipBehavior [J]. Academy of Management Journal, 2005, 48(3): 420-432.
[145] Wang Y., Chen X., Zhao Z. The Integrative Model of CIO Lateral Influence Behavior, Peer’s Trust and Peer’s Commitment [A]. Proceedings of International Conference on Information Technology on Education[C], Wuhan, China, Dec. 2008, vol.5: 229-232.
[146] Watson R. T. Influences on the IS Manager's Perception of Key Issues: Information Scanning and the Relationship with the CEO [J]. MIS Quarterly, 1990, 14(2): 217-231.
[147] Whitener E. M., Brodt S. E., Korsggard M. A. et al. Managers as Initiators of Trust: An Exchange Relationship Framework for Understanding Managerial Trustworthy Behavior [J]. Academy of Management Journal, 1998, 23(3): 513-531.
[148] Wu S., Lin C. S., Lin T. C. Exploring Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Teams: A Social Exchange Theory Perspective [A]. Proceedings of the 39th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences [C], Washington, DC, Jan. 2006: 1-10.
[149] Zhao Z., Wang Y., Bu L. Development of Shared Understanding between CIO and Top Management Team: A Knowledge Sharing Perspective [A]. Proceedings of 2008 International Conference on Management of Technology [C], Taiyuan, China, Aug. 2008: 377-381.
[150] Zollo M., Winter S. G. Deliberate Learning and the Evolution of Dynamic Capability [J]. Organization Science, 2002, 13(3): 339-352.
[151] E-works. 2004-2005中国CIO生存及发展研究报告(1)[J].机械工业信息与网络, 2006, (1): 36-39.
[152] E-works. 2004-2005中国CIO生存及发展研究报告(2)[J].机械工业信息与网络, 2006, (2): 46-49.
[153] E-works. 2004-2005中国CIO生存及发展研究报告(3)[J].机械工业信息与网络, 2006, (3): 44-46.
[154]艾尼尔·K·米什拉.组织对于危机的反应:信任的核心地位[A].罗德里克·M·克雷默,汤姆·R·泰勒组织中的信任[M].北京:中国城市出版社, 2003.
[155]白新文,王二平.共享心智模型研究现状[J].心理科学进展, 2004, 12(5): 791-799.
[156]彼得·圣吉.第五项修炼:学习型组织的艺术和实务[M].郭进隆译.上海:上海三联书店, 1998.
[157]陈晓春. CIO横向影响行为和同级信息化任务承诺的关系研究:同级信任的中介作用[D].天津:河北工业大学, 2008.
[158]陈昭全,张志学.管理研究中的理论建构[A].陈晓平,徐淑英,樊景立主编.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2008.
[159]董小英,刘倩倩,蒋贵凰. CIO影响力调查[J]. IT经理世界, 2006, (1): 69-72.
[160]董小英. CIO的视野[J]. IT经理世界, 2006, (1): 75-76.
[161]樊景立,梁建,陈志俊.实证研究的设计与评价[A].陈晓平,徐淑英,樊景立主编.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2008.
[162]弗洛德·J·福勒.调查研究方法(第3版) [M].孙振东,龙藜,陈芸译.重庆:重庆大学出版社, 2004.
[163]管文颖.团队决策中共享心理模型演化的影响因素研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2006.
[164]国家信息化测评中心(CECA).从企业信息化到信息化企业——2008年度中国企业信息化500强调查报告[EB/OL]. http://i500.cn/2008/20090405.htm, 2009.4.
[165]韩吉韬.面向业务流程的企业内部知识共享机制与支持系统研究[D].天津:天津大学, 2004.
[166]何涛.结构方程模型PLS算法研究[D].天津:天津大学, 2006.
[167]侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用[M].北京:教育科学出版社, 2004.
[168]黄芳铭.结构方程模式:理论与应用[M].北京:中国税务出版社而, 2005.
[169]霍国庆,孟建平,刘斯峰.信息化领导力研究综述[J].管理评论, 2008, 20(4): 31-38, 24.
[170]贾新明,刘亮.结构方程模型与联立方程模型的比较[J].数理统计与管理, 2008, 27(3): 439-446.
[171]姜奇平.性格决定命运:从信息化500强成功之路看领导力[J].互联网周刊, 2005(1): 84-85.
[172]李怀祖.管理研究方法论(第2版) [M].西安:西安交通大学出版社, 2004.
[173]梁建,樊景立.理论构念的测量[A].陈晓萍,徐淑英,樊景立主编.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2008.
[174]罗伯特·K·殷.案例研究:设计与方法[M].周海涛主译.重庆:重庆大学出版社, 2004.
[175]罗胜强,姜嬿.单维构念与多维构念[A].陈晓平,徐淑英,樊景立主编.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2008a.
[176]罗胜强,姜嬿.调节变量和中介变量[A].陈晓平,徐淑英,樊景立主编.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2008b.
[177]罗胜强.管理研究理论和贡献探讨2-Kenny [EB/OL].中人网博客. http://bbs.chinahrd.net/space /viewspacepost.aspx?postid=4049&spaceid=2477.
[178]马可一.民营企业高管团队信任模式演变与绩效机制研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2005.
[179]马克·桑德斯,菲利普·刘易斯,阿德里安·桑希尔.研究方法教程——管理学专业学生用书[M].杨晓燕主译.北京:中国商务出版社, 2004.
[180]马庆国.管理统计:数据获取、统计原理、SPSS工具与应用研究[M].北京:科学出版社, 2002.
[181]邱皓政.结构方程模式: LISREL的理论、技术与应用[M].台北:双叶书廊有限公司, 2003.
[182]申明.探索民营企业信息化发展之路[N].科技日报, 2004.12.9.
[183]孙海法,伍晓奕.企业高层管理团队研究的进展[J].管理科学学报, 2003, 6(4): 82-89.
[184]王慧明. ERP环境下企业信息平台与管理平台匹配度测度研究[D].天津:天津大学, 2004.
[185]王谦. ERP工程中信息平台与管理平台匹配理论及能力评测研究[D].天津:天津大学, 2004.
[186]王云峰,步磊,赵钊等.大众化定制与管理变革[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2009.3.
[187]王云峰,李杰,步磊.从ERP关键成功要素透视中国企业信息化之路[J].管理世界, 2005(8): 153-155.
[188]王云峰,赵钊,陈晓春.基于领导力视角的CIO角色研究[A].信息系统协会中国分会(CNAIS)第二届全国大会论文集[C].昆明:云南科技出版社, 2007: 69-74.
[189]王重鸣,邓靖松.虚拟团队沟通模式对信任和绩效的作用[J].心理科学, 2005, 28(5): 1208-1210.
[190]王重鸣.心理学研究方法[M].北京:人民教育出版社, 1990.
[191]王重托.企业信息化与管理变革[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2001.
[192]温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰等.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报, 2004, 36(5): 614-620.
[193]吴明隆. SPSS统计应用实务:问卷分析与应用统计[M].北京:科学出版社, 2003.
[194]吴盛,林东青,林杏子.以社会交换理论观点探讨影响虚拟团队成员知识分享行为因素[J].信息管理学报(台湾), 2006, 13(1): 193-219.
[195]武欣,吴志明.团队共享心智模型的影响因素与效果[J].心理学报, 2005, 37(4): 542-549.
[196]肖静华.企业信息技术应用水平及关键影响因素研究[D].广州:中山大学, 2007.
[197]谢荷峰.企业员工知识分享中的信任问题实证研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2007.
[198]谢家琳.实证研究中的问卷调查法[A].陈晓平,徐淑英,樊景立主编.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2008.
[199]徐碧祥.员工信任对其知识整合与共享意愿的作用机制研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2007.
[200]徐淑英,欧怡.科学过程与研究设计[A].陈晓萍,徐淑英,樊景立主编.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2008.
[201]杨静.供应链内企业间信任的产生机制及其对合作的影响:基于制造业企业的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学, 2006.
[202]杨青,陈忠民,黄丽华.基于能力的公司规划与信息系统规划战略关系实证研究[J].管理工程学报, 2007, 21(3): 141-145.
[203]杨青,黄丽华,何崑.企业规划与信息系统规划战略一致性实证研究[J].管理科学学报, 2003, 6(4): 43-54.
[204]杨青.基于能力的BP-ISP战略匹配研究[D].上海:复旦大学, 2001.
[205]杨正宇,王重鸣,谢小云.团队共享心理模型研究新进展[J].人类工效学, 2003, 9(3): 34-37.
[206]约翰·P·科特,丹·S·科恩.变革之心[M].刘祥亚译.北京:机械工业出版社, 2003
[207]约翰·P·科特.变革[M].罗立彬等译.北京:机械工业出版社, 2005.
[208]约翰·W·克雷斯威尔.研究设计与写作指导:定性、定量与混合研究的路径[M].崔延强主译,孙振东审校.重庆:重庆大学出版社, 2007.
[209]张伟雄,王畅.因果关系理论的建立——结构方程模型[A].陈晓平,徐淑英,樊景立主编.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2008.
[210]张志学, Hempel P. S.,韩玉兰等.高技术工作团队的交互记忆系统及其效果[J].心理学报, 2006, 28(2): 271-280.
[211]赵水忠,董小英等. 2008年度中国CIO1000调研报告[EB/OL]. http://www.cioinsight.com.cn/html/ dy/2008/11/946.html, 2008.11.
[212]赵水忠,董小英等.中国CIO1000研究报告[J]. CIO Insight, 2007, 11: 40-77.
[213]赵钊,王云峰,方莹等.首席信息官与高层管理团队互动模式及其对共识的影响[J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2008, 29(9): 186-191.
[214]郑伯埙,黄敏萍.实地研究中的案例研究[A].陈晓平,徐淑英,樊景立主编.组织与管理研究的实证方法[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2008.
[215]郑伯埙.华人领导:理论与实际[M].台北:桂冠图书公司, 2005.
[216]左美云.知识转移与企业信息化[M].北京:科学出版社, 2006.