中小学艺术课程实施现状研究
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摘要
自教育部2000年提出艺术课程以来,从新课程的制定到教材的编写,从课程的推广到课程的实施,历经困难曲折,艺术课程已走过了13年的时间。正如新事物一定要经历曲折反复一样,艺术课程率先迈出了艰难的一步,它需要用宽容的态度、广阔的胸襟去支持和鼓励它,在探索改革的道路上不断的完善、前进,为中国的基础教育发展贡献力量。
     本文通过对艺术课程实施现状的调查研究,通过对部分实施艺术课程地区学校的校长、教师、学生、教研员,以及对退出实验地区的部分教师、教研员进行的问卷调查和访谈,了解目前艺术课程实施的现状,在实施过程中还存在什么样的问题,以及是哪些因素阻碍了艺术课程实施的进程,如何解决这些问题,从而进一步完善艺术课程,突出艺术课程的优势,加快课程实施的步伐。论文共由七部分构成:
     首先是绪论部分,这里面阐述了选题缘由、研究问题、研究现状、研究目的、研究路径、研究意义。在研究现状中主要从国内、国外及港台两个维度阐述研究现状。在国内角度对艺术课程标准及教学的研究,对艺术课程实施现状调查研究,对艺术课程改革探讨的相关研究,质疑艺术课程的“综合性”特征研究进行阐述;在国外及港台角度阐述了国外艺术教育的综合性特征研究,国外艺术课程标准的综合性特征研究,台湾地区艺术与人文课程,香港地区艺术综合课程,港台地区艺术综合课程特征。最后对于本课题研究给予理论基础的构建,给出架构并做出阐述。
     第二章艺术课程实施的理论基础。本部分首先探寻了艺术课程的哲学理论依据,从三个视角揭示艺术教育的价值意义及必要性。其次,介绍了艺术课程理念解析,其中包括后现代主义的综合性课程观念,以及艺术课程的综合化的理念。
     第三章研究设计与方法。首先,介绍了研究方法的确立。其次,介绍了研究对象的选取。再次,对资料的收集、整理与分析,研究信度、效度的检测过程,都一一进行了详细的阐述,更清晰的展示出本研究的历程。
     第四章艺术课程实施的背景。关于艺术课程实施背景,有关研究者从世界艺术教育的发展趋势,及我国基础教育课程改革的大背景进行了阐述。同时笔者对于艺术课程标准的特征做了分析;同样还对艺术课程实施中教材建设状况进行了分析,为艺术课程实施寻找到了理论根源。
     第五章艺术课程实施现状及分析。作为论文研究的核心重点部分,从四个方面对当前艺术课程的实施状况做出论述。关于校长在艺术课程实施中的状况分析,分别调查了校长对艺术课程及实施的认同状况,校长对艺术课程实施的执行状况。关于教师在艺术课程实施中的状况分述为教师的观念状况、教师的素质状况、教师的教学行为状况。关于学生在艺术课程实施中的状况分述为学生对艺术课程的认同状况、学生对艺术课程的投入情况、艺术课程实施在学生身上的价值体现。关于艺术课程教材状况分述为教材编写理念、教材编写内容和教材呈现形式。关于艺术课程实施的保障机制状况分述为艺术课程实施的政策制度保障状况,艺术课程实施的人力资源保障状况,艺术课程实施的其他资源保障状况。
     第六章中小学艺术课程实施存在的问题。本部分着重从校长、教师和实施保障的角度探寻原因。校长在艺术课程实施中存在的问题包括校长角色发挥不佳,校长对艺术课程及其实施认知不足,校长对艺术课程及其实施的执行力不够。教师在艺术课程实施中呈现出专业素养欠缺,其中包括教师对艺术课程及其实施的认知不足,教师的知识结构不能满足艺术课程实施的要求,教师的艺术能力综合性不强。艺术课程实施的保障不力方面,包括艺术课程实施的保障机制不完善,艺术课程实施缺乏规划,艺术课程实施管理不严,艺术课程实施资源配备不足。
     第七章结论与建议。根据艺术课程实施的状况和对于实施困难的因素分析笔者尝试从四个维度给出总结性观点:第一是作为艺术课程起点的课程本身存在一定的问题;其次,艺术课程专任教师培养的途径及培养模式不够科学完善;再次作为艺术课程实施的外部条件没有给予充分的配合与支持,而最终导致艺术课程实施困难重重,举步为艰。针对上述结论,笔者尝试从四个大方面提出解决问题的可行性策略。包括:一、完善艺术课程体系,提高艺术课程的可行性。细化为加强对艺术课程体系合理化的研究,加强对艺术课程实施可行性的研究,加强对艺术课程的教学研究。二、为艺术课程的实施提供充足的师资力量。细化为建立健全艺术课程师资的培养机制,加强和完善艺术课程教师的职后培训,对艺术课程教师实施新课程理念的专项培训。三、实现校长在艺术课程实施中的角色定位,校长应成为艺术课程实施的引领者,校长应成为艺术课程资源的协调者,校长应成为艺术课程开发的管理者。四、强化艺术课程实施管理机制细化为合理规划,建立健全课程实施保障机制。严格管理,优化课程实施的资源配置。
     概括讲,本课题从问题引出开始分化处理,研究相关文献和课程理论,查找问题,明确现状并探寻问题症结,找寻解决方案借以为相应问题解决开启先路。
Since the Ministry of Education proposed arts program in2000, from thecurriculum development till writing materials, through the promotion till thecourse implement, the arts program has gone through a period of13years byexpriencing problems and difficulties. Art course takes the first step towarddifficulty. We need the attitude of tolerance, broadmindedness to support it andencourage it, to continuously improve it along the road of exploration andreformation, so as to make it play its important role for the development of china sbasic education.
     This paper has made investigation and research about the implementationstatus of arts curriculum, conducted a questionnaire surveys and interviews ofsome regional school headmasters, teachers, students, teaching and research staff,as well as some teachers who quit the experiment and the researcher, then thecurrent implementation status of the arts curriculum is reflected from the results ofthe survey, such as what problems still exist in the process of arts curriculumimplementation, and what kinds of factors still hinder the curriculumimplementation process, as well as how to solve these problems, thereby to furtherimprove the art courses, and highlight the advantages of arts courses, and finally toaccelerate the pace of curriculum implementation.
     The paper consists of seven parts:
     The first part is the introduction, which expounds the reason, researchbackground, research significance, research questions and research value. Researchstatus from domestic, research status of overseas and Hong Kong and Taiwan twodimensional perspective. In this view, mainly research on standard and teaching artcourses in domestic point of view, investigation and study of the implementation ofthe art courses, art courses for related research must highlight of the new curriculum,questioned the comprehensive art course are expounded; in foreign countries andHong Kong and Taiwan angle elaborated on the comprehensive characteristics offoreign art education, a comprehensive study on the characteristics of the standard artcurriculum abroad, arts and Humanities Curriculum in Taiwan area, Hongkong areacomprehensive courses of Arts, the art characteristics of comprehensive courses inHong Kong and taiwan. Finally, this research constructs to give the theoretical basis,given the theoretical framework of explained.
     The second part is the theoretical foundation of the implementation of art course.This part firstly explores the philosophical and theoretical basis for art course, revealthe value of the significance and necessity of art education from three perspectives.Secondly, introduces the concept and principle of art course. Comprehensivecurriculum concepts of post-modern, the integrated art course formed the artcurriculum concept.
     The third part is the research design and methods. the author, first of all,introduces the establishment of research methods; secondly, introduces the researchobject. And then this, there are collection, collation and analysis of data, reliability,validity testing process, all are described in detail, more clearly show the course ofthis research.
     The fourth part is the background of the current art curriculum implementation indetail. This part includs the following three parts. the backgrounds of theimplementation of art curriculum, the development trend of the world art educationfrom the research background, and the curriculum reform of basic education in Chinaare described. The characteristics of art curriculum which is also the primary principleof art curriculum is analyzed by the author. At the same time, the situation of theconstruction of teaching materials of art curriculum is also analyzed, which can beused as the theory origin for art curriculum implementation.
     The fifth part is about current situation and analysis of the implementation ofthe art curriculum. As the core part of the thesis. Analysis of the situation about theheadmaster in the Arts curriculum implementation, respectively investigate theprincipal identity status of art curriculum and the implementation, the art curriculumimplementation status. Teachers in the implementation of art curriculum, I illustratethe concept of state for teachers, teachers quality status, the teacher s teachingbehavior. Students in the art curriculum implementation situation for students of theart curriculum, students identity of art curriculum of investment, art curriculumimplementation in the student body embodies the value. On the art curriculum oftextbook, textbook compiling idea for the content and forms of material presentation.The policy system security status of art curriculum implementation mechanism toensure the implementation of art curriculum, human resources and social securitysituation of art curriculum, art curriculum implementation guidance and lack ofhuman resources, lack of art curriculum implementation of post training mechanism,other resources of art curriculum implementation of the security situation.
     The six part is the problems of the implementation of school art curriculum. Thispart emphatically from the anglea of headmasters, teachers and the implementation ofsecurity reasons. The existing in the art curriculum implementation issues including the role play is good, the principal of art curriculum and implement cognitive,headmasters implementation of the executive power is not enough in art curriculum.Teachers show a lack of professionalism in the Arts in the curriculum implementation,including the shortage of Teacher Cognition of art curriculum and its implementation,knowledge structure can not meet the teacher of art curriculum requirements,comprehensive art ability of teachers is not strong. Art curriculum implementation ofpoor security, including the security mechanism of art curriculum implementation isnot perfect, the lack of planning the implementation of art curriculum, art curriculummanagement is not strict, art curriculum resources shortage.
     The seventh part is the conclusion and the methodes that how to promote theeffective implementation of the art curriculum in primary and secondary schools.According to the art curriculum implementation status and analysis of theimplementation difficulties.The author offers summary views from four dimensions asthe following. The first is as art starting point of the curriculum itself has certainproblem; secondly, as the executors of the art curriculum implementation, theprincipals role play is not enough; thirdly, as the external condition of art curriculumimplementation does not give full cooperation and support, and eventually leads to theart curriculum implementation difficulties. Against the above conclusion, the authorattempts to try to put forward feasible strategies to solve the problem. Such trastgiesInclude: first, perfect the art curriculum system, improve the feasibility of artcurriculums, to strengthen the research on refinement of rationalization of artcurriculum system, strengthening research on the feasibility of art curriculums,strengthen teaching research on the curriculum of art. Two, the implementation of artcurriculum teachers provide refined enough for establishing and perfecting the artteachers training mechanism, strengthen and perfect the art teachers training, specialtraining to implement the new curriculum concept on art teachers. Three, realize theprincipal role in the art curriculum, principals should be art curriculum leader, theheadmaster should become the art curriculum resources coordinator, principals shouldbecome the art curriculum development manager. Four, strengthen the art curriculumimplementation management mechanisms into rational planning, establish and perfectthe curriculum implementation guarantee mechanism. Strict management, optimizethe allocation of resources of curriculum implementation.
     Generally speaking, this topic from problem began to differentiate processing,research literature and the curriculum theory, find problems, clear the status and find asolution for the corresponding problem solving.
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