新型高速铁路电能质量综合补偿系统
摘要
高速电气化铁路由于独特的供电模式和电力机车复杂的运行工况,成为电力系统中一个特殊的负载。这个负载工作时会通过牵引网向其接入的公用电网注入负序和谐波电流。负序和谐波电流在电网中扩散,不仅会增加系统损耗、干扰线路附近的通信、危害铁路沿线工业企业正常生产运行,甚至还会引发电力系统谐振以及引起继电保护装置误动作。在高速铁路大步向前发展的同时,保证公用电网供电的安全性和可靠性是一个极大挑战。因此,研究电气化铁路供电网电能质量问题产生机理和相应的治理设备显得日趋重要。
本文首先讨论了国内外常见的高速电气化铁路牵引网几种交流供电模式、高速电力机车的负荷特性以及高速铁路供电网存在的电能质量问题和一些治理方法,这些治理方法包括从运营角度和从装置角度。然后对电气化铁路电能质量治理方面极具发展潜力的铁路功率调节器(RPC)做了比较详细地介绍和分析,并建立了铁路功率调节器在V/v牵引变压器下等效电气模型。
在对RPC进行详细分析的基础上提出了一种由RPC和晶闸管投切电抗器(TSR)、晶闸管投切滤波器(TSLF)相结合的新型电气化铁路电能质量补偿系统,该新型系统能有效降低RPC有源部分的容量。重点分析了新型系统的拓扑结构、补偿原理和等效电气模型。并在Matlab7.0中将它与RPC做了有源补偿容量对比分析。
接下来对新型系统各部分进行参数设计,包括输出RPC滤波器参数设计、直流侧电容值选择、低通滤波器设计以及晶闸管控制电抗器选择,并根据京沪高速铁路将采用的供电方式,在PSIM仿真软件中搭建高速铁路牵引供电系统以及新型系统的仿真模型,仿真模拟了电力机车常见的几种运行工况,仿真结果证明了新型系统在原理上的正确性和主电路参数设计的合理性。
为了进一步验证新型系统,搭建了一个实验平台进行模拟实验。重点对实验平台中的控制部分、主电路功率模块以及驱动器的选型和保护电路进行了详细地分析和设计。文章最后进行了一组模拟实验,实验结果验证了本章研究内容的正确性和可靠性。
High-speed electric railway is a special load to power grid due to the unique power supply mode and complicate operation condition. The electric locomotive brings in abundance harmonic current and negative sequence current to power grid. Harmonic current and negative sequence current will increase the system power lose and disturb nearby communication line.In some case, it may cause power system resonant and malfunction of protective relaying equipments.With the rapid construction speed of high-speed electric railway,the power quality becomes a big threat to the safety and reliable of power system. Therefore, Studying on the generating mechanism of electric railway power quality and corresponding control equipments becomes more and more important.
Firstly, several usual AC electric railway power supply modes home and abroad and the corresponding merits and demerits of them are introduced.And the load characteristic of electric railway and several way of alleviating electric railway power quality problems were analyzed. Then,railway power conditioner (RPC), a great potential power energy conditioner for the electrified railway, is detailed analysed, including the operating principal and equivalent electrical model under V/v transformer.
Secondly,a novel power quality compensation system consisted of RPC in parallel with Thyristor Switched Reactor (TSR)and Thyristor Switched Low-pass Filter(TSLF)is proposed on the basis of mature analysis of RPC. The topology, compensation principle and equivalent electrical model of the new system are emphatically analyzed. And its relative analysis with RPC on the active capacity is experimented under the platform MATLAB. Compared with single RPC, the novel system bears relatively less active capacity.
Thirdly, the parameters design of main part of the novel system, including the Low-Pass Filter, Output Filter, DC side capacitance and the TSR are discussed. .Then, according to the actual operating condition, the novel system simulation mode is built in PSIM and several simulations are taken out. Results indicate that the principal of the novel system and the parameters design of the main circuit are valid.
Finally, an experimental platform is set up to further validate the new system. In this section, the control part of the experimental platform, power module selection of the main circuit and IGBT driver and relevant protective circuit of them are detailed analysised. At last, a set of experiments are carried out, the experimental results verify the correctness and reliability of the research content.
本文首先讨论了国内外常见的高速电气化铁路牵引网几种交流供电模式、高速电力机车的负荷特性以及高速铁路供电网存在的电能质量问题和一些治理方法,这些治理方法包括从运营角度和从装置角度。然后对电气化铁路电能质量治理方面极具发展潜力的铁路功率调节器(RPC)做了比较详细地介绍和分析,并建立了铁路功率调节器在V/v牵引变压器下等效电气模型。
在对RPC进行详细分析的基础上提出了一种由RPC和晶闸管投切电抗器(TSR)、晶闸管投切滤波器(TSLF)相结合的新型电气化铁路电能质量补偿系统,该新型系统能有效降低RPC有源部分的容量。重点分析了新型系统的拓扑结构、补偿原理和等效电气模型。并在Matlab7.0中将它与RPC做了有源补偿容量对比分析。
接下来对新型系统各部分进行参数设计,包括输出RPC滤波器参数设计、直流侧电容值选择、低通滤波器设计以及晶闸管控制电抗器选择,并根据京沪高速铁路将采用的供电方式,在PSIM仿真软件中搭建高速铁路牵引供电系统以及新型系统的仿真模型,仿真模拟了电力机车常见的几种运行工况,仿真结果证明了新型系统在原理上的正确性和主电路参数设计的合理性。
为了进一步验证新型系统,搭建了一个实验平台进行模拟实验。重点对实验平台中的控制部分、主电路功率模块以及驱动器的选型和保护电路进行了详细地分析和设计。文章最后进行了一组模拟实验,实验结果验证了本章研究内容的正确性和可靠性。
High-speed electric railway is a special load to power grid due to the unique power supply mode and complicate operation condition. The electric locomotive brings in abundance harmonic current and negative sequence current to power grid. Harmonic current and negative sequence current will increase the system power lose and disturb nearby communication line.In some case, it may cause power system resonant and malfunction of protective relaying equipments.With the rapid construction speed of high-speed electric railway,the power quality becomes a big threat to the safety and reliable of power system. Therefore, Studying on the generating mechanism of electric railway power quality and corresponding control equipments becomes more and more important.
Firstly, several usual AC electric railway power supply modes home and abroad and the corresponding merits and demerits of them are introduced.And the load characteristic of electric railway and several way of alleviating electric railway power quality problems were analyzed. Then,railway power conditioner (RPC), a great potential power energy conditioner for the electrified railway, is detailed analysed, including the operating principal and equivalent electrical model under V/v transformer.
Secondly,a novel power quality compensation system consisted of RPC in parallel with Thyristor Switched Reactor (TSR)and Thyristor Switched Low-pass Filter(TSLF)is proposed on the basis of mature analysis of RPC. The topology, compensation principle and equivalent electrical model of the new system are emphatically analyzed. And its relative analysis with RPC on the active capacity is experimented under the platform MATLAB. Compared with single RPC, the novel system bears relatively less active capacity.
Thirdly, the parameters design of main part of the novel system, including the Low-Pass Filter, Output Filter, DC side capacitance and the TSR are discussed. .Then, according to the actual operating condition, the novel system simulation mode is built in PSIM and several simulations are taken out. Results indicate that the principal of the novel system and the parameters design of the main circuit are valid.
Finally, an experimental platform is set up to further validate the new system. In this section, the control part of the experimental platform, power module selection of the main circuit and IGBT driver and relevant protective circuit of them are detailed analysised. At last, a set of experiments are carried out, the experimental results verify the correctness and reliability of the research content.
引文
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[27]孙贤大,罗安,帅智康.注入式混合型有源电力滤波器双闭环控制.电工技术学报, 2009, 24(9): 127-133
[28]杨华云,任士焱.一种实用的串并联型混合有源电力滤波器[J].电网技术, 2007, 31(21): 32-36
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[2]张力强,罗文杰,吕利军.电气化铁路牵引负荷的不利影响及治理方案[J].电网技术, 2006, 30
[3] T.A.Kneschke, Control of Utility System UnbalanceCaused by Single-phase Electric Traction, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol IA-21, No 6, November Alecember, 1985, pp: 1559-1569
[4]肖湘宁.电能质量分析与控制.北京:中国电力出版社, 2006
[5]张小瑜.电气化铁路的电压等级及牵引供电系统仿真研究.北京: [硕士学位论文].北京交通大学, 2008
[6]黎亮.电气化铁路供电电源电压等级的研究.成都: [硕士学位论文].西南交通大学, 2008
[7]吴传平.高速铁路供电系统负序补偿与谐波抑制技术研究.长沙: [硕士学位论文].湖南大学, 2010
[8]彭晨. AT供电方式在高速电气化铁路中的应用[J].电气技术, 2009, 9: 76-79
[9]熊列彬.全并联AT供电方式下供电臂保护与控制方案[J].电力系统自动化, 2006, 30(22): 73-76
[10]谭秀炳.交流电气化贴到牵引供电系统.策划你孤独:西南交通大学出版社, 2006
[11] Deng Ming-li, WU Guang-ning, Zhang Xueyuan. The simulation analysis of harmonics and Negative sequence with Scott wiring transformer. IEEE International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis Beijing, China, 2008, 513-516
[12]周方圆,王卫安.高速铁路对供电质量的影响及治理措施[J],大功率变流技术, 2010, 6: 41-45
[13]肖湘宁.电能质量分析与控制.北京:中国电力出版社, 2006
[14]姚金雄,张涛,林榕,罗迪.牵引供电系统负序电流和谐波对电力系统的影响及其补偿措施[J].电网技术, 2008, 32(9): 61-64
[15]罗安.电网谐波治理和无功补偿技术及装备.北京:中国电力出版社, 2006
[16]同向前,尹军,李牧.不对称负荷引起的三相不平衡度的计算方法.首届全国电能质量学术会议暨电能质量行业发展论坛论文集, 2009, 110-117
[17]周勇,刘中元.牵引变电站220kV三相供电方案[J],电网技术, 2005, 29(17):82-84
[18]孟丽萍.电气化铁路负序影响及对策.应用能源技术, 2007, 8: 38-40
[19]吴命利,范瑜,辛成. Scott接线牵引变压器运行特性与等值模型研究.电工技术学报, 2003, 18(4): 76-80
[20]张秀峰,连级三,高仕斌.基于三相变四相变压器的新型同相牵引供电系统.中国电机工程学报, 2006, 26(15): 19-23
[21] Tetsuo UZUKA, Shouji IKEDO, Keiji UEDA. A Static Voltage Fluctuation Compensator for AC Electric Railway. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Confere nce, 2004, Vol 35, pp: 1869-1873
[22] Morimoto H, Ando M,Mochinaga Y, et al.Development of railway static power conditioner used at substation for Shinkansen. Power Conversion Conference, Osaka. Japan, 2002
[23] Uzuka, T. Ikedo, S. Ueda, K. A static voltage fluctuation compensator for AC electric railway [C]. 35th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Aachen, Germany, 2004, 3: 1869-1873
[24] Lee, S.-Y.; Wu, C.-J. Reactive power compensation and load balancing for unbalanced three-phase four-wire system by a combined system of an SVC and aseries active filter .IEEE Power transaction on power delivery, 2000, 14(6)
[25] Vasco Soares, Pedro Verdelho, Gil Marques. Active power filter control circuit based on the instantaneous active and reactive current i d ? iq method. IEEE, 1997, 1096-1101
[26]李建华,豆凤梅,夏道止.韶山型电力机车谐波电流的分析计算.电力系统自动化, 1999, 28(16): 10-13
[27]孙贤大,罗安,帅智康.注入式混合型有源电力滤波器双闭环控制.电工技术学报, 2009, 24(9): 127-133
[28]杨华云,任士焱.一种实用的串并联型混合有源电力滤波器[J].电网技术, 2007, 31(21): 32-36
[29]何娜,武健,徐殿国.有源电力滤波器直流电压的模糊控制[J].电网技术, 2006, 30(14): 45-48
[30]李娜,刘明光,杨罡.再生制动式电力机车制动过电压的计算与仿真.高电压技术, 2008, 34(9): 1915-1920
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