大型混凝土搅拌站管控系统的研究与开发
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摘要
随着预拌混凝土生产规模的扩大,人们对大型混凝土搅拌站管控系统提出了更高的要求,而目前大型混凝土搅拌站管控系统信息化、智能化滞后,对生产效率和产品质量构成了较大的影响。为改善此种现状,本文提出了一套基于"Server+IPC+PLC"配置方式的大型混凝土搅拌站管控系统。本文所设计的系统构架分为总站和分站两层,采用B/S和C/S的混合模式进行外部和内部的访问。总站对分站采用分布式集中控制的方式来实现集中管理,主要用来向分站传递订单内容、配方详情等信息；各个分站对总站采用C/S方式来进行数据访问,主要向总站传递各个分站的原料库存,订单完成情况等信息；分站管控系统与底层的PLC采用串口等多种通信方式进行连接,主要向底层PLC控制模块传递相关控制指令和控制参数；外部互联网与搅拌站管控系统采用B/S方式来实现连接,用户可以通过范围其服务器,在相关网页上完成下订单等操作。
针对多个混凝土搅拌站供应多个工地时,预拌混凝土输送车派车排序这一难题,本文采用基因遗传算法对派车流程进行优化,对已有的相关理论进行了改进,并且提出了简易Pareto Front解的求解方法。同时,运用实际算例对该派车子功能系统的实际效果进行了验证。
As the expansion of the scale of RMC(Ready-Mix Concrete) production, higher requirement is proposed to the management and control system of large concrete mixing plant. But nowadays,many management and control incorporated systems of large concrete mixing plant are lagging behind in informatization and intellectualization, which affect the production efficiency and quality very much.In order to change this situation,this thesis proposes a collocation method of the management and control system of large concrete mixing plant which bases on "Server+IPC+PLC".The framework of the system consists of tow layers which are the master station and the substations, and between which by using mixed model of C/S and B/S to access both outside and inside.By using distributed centralized control technology, the master station can manage the substations and transfer informations like content of the indents, details of formula and so on. The substations can visit the master station by C/S way and transfer informations like stocks of materials, accomplishment of indents and so on.The substations transfer orders and parameters to its PLC by using serial port and other ways.Customers can place an order and do other things on the web sites on internet by B/S way.
Directing to the problem of dispatch plan for several RMC plants supplying several job sites, this thesis uses method of using Genetic Algorithms to optimize the dispatch plan, and improves the relevant theories, and propose the simple method to get Pareto Front solutions.At the same time, testing the performance of subfunction of dispatching system by using actual examples.
针对多个混凝土搅拌站供应多个工地时,预拌混凝土输送车派车排序这一难题,本文采用基因遗传算法对派车流程进行优化,对已有的相关理论进行了改进,并且提出了简易Pareto Front解的求解方法。同时,运用实际算例对该派车子功能系统的实际效果进行了验证。
As the expansion of the scale of RMC(Ready-Mix Concrete) production, higher requirement is proposed to the management and control system of large concrete mixing plant. But nowadays,many management and control incorporated systems of large concrete mixing plant are lagging behind in informatization and intellectualization, which affect the production efficiency and quality very much.In order to change this situation,this thesis proposes a collocation method of the management and control system of large concrete mixing plant which bases on "Server+IPC+PLC".The framework of the system consists of tow layers which are the master station and the substations, and between which by using mixed model of C/S and B/S to access both outside and inside.By using distributed centralized control technology, the master station can manage the substations and transfer informations like content of the indents, details of formula and so on. The substations can visit the master station by C/S way and transfer informations like stocks of materials, accomplishment of indents and so on.The substations transfer orders and parameters to its PLC by using serial port and other ways.Customers can place an order and do other things on the web sites on internet by B/S way.
Directing to the problem of dispatch plan for several RMC plants supplying several job sites, this thesis uses method of using Genetic Algorithms to optimize the dispatch plan, and improves the relevant theories, and propose the simple method to get Pareto Front solutions.At the same time, testing the performance of subfunction of dispatching system by using actual examples.
引文
[1]杨美莲.浅谈混凝土技术的现状和发展[J].山西焦煤科技,2005年3月：7～9
[2]V.Deligiannis, S.Manesis. Concrete batching and mixing plants:A new modeling and control approach based on global automata, Automation in Construction[J]. Automation in Construction,2008, (17):368-376
[3]Fritz Payr, Verena Schmid. Optimizing Deliveries of Ready-Mixed Concrete[C].in:Logistics and Industrial Informatics. LINDI:IEEE,2009:1-6
[4]张伟强,徐垚,李昌艳.混凝土搅拌站加强质量管理的几点办法[J].福建建筑,2009年第12期：139～140
[5]徐振声,常建军.HL420-2S6000L超大型强制式预冷混凝土搅拌楼[J].水利电力机械,2006,28(9)：24～25
[6]谢其盛,高军,王月灿.我国混凝土搅拌站的现状及其发展方向[J].建设工程选材指南,2007年7月：20～22
[7]汤嘉立,昊访升,张溯烈.商品混凝土搅拌站联网集群自动控制系统[J].设备管理和维修,2008年3月：78～80
[8]郑新发.混凝土搅拌站自动控制系统的设计与实现[J].中国公路,2010年10月：111～112
[9]尹艳清,廖力清.混凝土搅拌站网络管理系统的组建[J].科技资讯.2007,(23)：51～52
[10]陈扬,费凌.混凝土搅拌站网络化生产管理系统设计[J].成组技术与生产现代化.2008,25(3)：57～60
[11]汤嘉立,吴访升,张溯烈.商品混凝土搅拌站联网集群自动控制系统[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,2008,(9)：78～80
[12]王晓山.浅议如何合理规划和布局预拌混凝土搅拌站[J].散装水泥.2010,(3)：17～18
[13]廉慧萍.商品混凝土搅拌站的系统管理[J].中国水泥,2009年4月：83～84
[14]曾祥义,王黎光.浅谈对商品混凝土搅拌站的生产质量控制[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2009年12月：125～126
[15]S.L.Tang, K.C.Ying, M.Andsonet al. RMCSIM:A simulation model of a ready-mixed concrete plant serving multiple sites using multiple truck mixers[J]. Construction Management&Economics,2005, (1):15-32
[16]David Naso, Michele Surico, Biagio Turchiano. Genetic algorithms for supply-chain scheduling:A case study in the distribution of ready-mixed concrete[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2006
[17]C.W.Feng, H.T.Wu.Using genetic algorithms to optimize the dispatching schedule of RMC cars[C]. Proceeding of the 17th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, Taipei, Taiwan,2000,927-932
[18]C.W.Feng, T.M.Cheng, H.T.Wu. Optimizing the schedule of dispatching RMC trucks through genetic algorithms[J]. Automation in Construction,2004, (13):327-340
[19]C.W.Feng, T.M.Cheng, H.T.Wu. Integrating fmGA and CYCLONE to optimize the schedule of dispatching RMC trucks[J]. Automation in Construction,2006, (15):186-199
[20]饶江.基于Pareto最优的悬架参数多目标优化[D].[硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学,2010
[21]Karthik Soundararajan, Robert W.Brennan. Design pattern for real-time distributed control system benchmarking[J].Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,2008, (24): 606-615
[22]孟旭.分布式集散控制系统及应用[J].黑龙江科技信息,2004,(12)：235～236
[23]泰国瑞,张文宏.高温高压全燃高炉煤气锅炉DCS计算机控制[J].电站系统工程,2008,24(4),63～64
[24]李鹏.DCS控制系统在煤气生产过程中的应用[J].逢动化仪表,2009,30(3)：39～46
[25]李朝涛.分散控制系统(DCS)业务综述[J].自动化信息,2008年3月：32～33
[26]孙瑜,张金祥,刘明佳.国产DCS在600MW超临界机组辅助车间控制一体化中的应用[J].中国电力,2008,,41(8)：76～79
[27]宋锋.ERP的C/S和B/S体系结构的比较[J].信息技术,2009,(8)：94～96
[28]丁智刚.C/S模式与B/S模式相结合的数据库系统技术研究[J].信息安全与技术,2011年11月：41～44
[29]马荣邦.Web技术发展的三个阶段综述[J].煤炭技术,2003,22(9)：128～130
[30]王山军.基于Web的经济管理类专业开发式教学平台设计与开发[J].电化教育研究,2010,(4)：86～89
[31]J.Holland. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial System[M]. Ann Arbor, Michigan:University of Michigan Press,1975
[32]D.E.Goldberg. Genetic Algorithms in Search[C].in:Addition-Wesley, Reading. Optimization and Machine Learning.MA,1989
[33]林恩仕.以派遣中心为基础之预拌混凝土厂派车模式[D].[硕士学位论文].台湾：国立成功大学,2003
[34]LiXin Wang, Jun Zhou, Yan Wang. Optimization of RMC Trucks Dispatch Plan Based on Genetic Algorithms and SMS Technique[C].in:Mechanics and Materials. Switzerland:2011:2194-2199
[35]Wu Min, Low Sui Pheng.EOQ, JIT and fixed costs in the ready-mixed concrete industry[J].Production Economics,2006, (102):167-180
[36]Wu Min, Low Sui Pheng. Modeling just in time purchasing in the ready mixed concrete industry[J].Production Economics,2007, (107):190-201
[37]Shangyao Yan, WeiShen Lai, Maonan Chen.Production scheduling and truck dispatching of ready mixed concrete[J].Transportation Research,2008, Part E 44:164-179
[38]韩方超.改进的单倍体遗传算法在车间生产调度中的应用研究[D].[硕士学位论文].哈尔滨：哈尔滨理工大学,2010
[39]高薛文.基于GPS和GIS车辆调度系统的混凝土运输生产调度[D].[硕士学位论文].上海： 上海交通大学,2008
[40]谢昭莉,金鑫,刘亮.基于改进自适应遗传算法的混凝土搅拌站原料库存优化[J].混凝土,2007,(10)：81～84
[41]孟文清,张亚鹏,邹景磊.基于遗传算法的大体积混凝土配合比优化[J].煤炭工程,2006,(12)：94～97
[42]郑武.基于遗传算法的商品混凝土配送模型研究[D].[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2005
[43]方红雨,崔逊学.基于遗传算法的调度问题研究[J].电脑与信息技术,2001,(2)：1～5
[44]张晋,李冬黎,李平.遗传算法编码机制的比较研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(6)：637～641
[45]李明.遗传算法的改进及其在优化问题中的应用研究[D].[硕士学位论文].长春：吉林大学,2004
[46]王银年.遗传算法的研究与应用[D].[硕士学位论文].无锡：江南大学,2009
[47]章新华.遗传算法及其应用[J].火力与指挥控制,1997,22(4)：49～54
[48]韩万林,张幼蒂.遗传算法及在采矿工程中的应用[J].IM&P化工矿物与加工,1998,(6)：1-4
[49]朱良学.遗传算法在车间调度中的应用研究[D].[硕士学位论文].兰州：兰州大学,2007
[50]汪松泉.遗传算法在组合优化中的应用研究[D].[硕士学位论文].合肥：安徽大学,2010
[51]吴晓涛,孙增圻.用遗传算法进行路径规划[J].清华大学学报,1995,(35)：14-19
[52]王小平,曹立明.遗传算法：理论、应用及软件实现[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,2002
[53]李敏强等.遗传算法的基本理论与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2002
[54]陈国良等.遗传算法及其应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,1996
[55]周明,孙树栋等.遗传算法原理及应用：Theory and Applications[M]北京：国防工业出版社,1999
[2]V.Deligiannis, S.Manesis. Concrete batching and mixing plants:A new modeling and control approach based on global automata, Automation in Construction[J]. Automation in Construction,2008, (17):368-376
[3]Fritz Payr, Verena Schmid. Optimizing Deliveries of Ready-Mixed Concrete[C].in:Logistics and Industrial Informatics. LINDI:IEEE,2009:1-6
[4]张伟强,徐垚,李昌艳.混凝土搅拌站加强质量管理的几点办法[J].福建建筑,2009年第12期：139～140
[5]徐振声,常建军.HL420-2S6000L超大型强制式预冷混凝土搅拌楼[J].水利电力机械,2006,28(9)：24～25
[6]谢其盛,高军,王月灿.我国混凝土搅拌站的现状及其发展方向[J].建设工程选材指南,2007年7月：20～22
[7]汤嘉立,昊访升,张溯烈.商品混凝土搅拌站联网集群自动控制系统[J].设备管理和维修,2008年3月：78～80
[8]郑新发.混凝土搅拌站自动控制系统的设计与实现[J].中国公路,2010年10月：111～112
[9]尹艳清,廖力清.混凝土搅拌站网络管理系统的组建[J].科技资讯.2007,(23)：51～52
[10]陈扬,费凌.混凝土搅拌站网络化生产管理系统设计[J].成组技术与生产现代化.2008,25(3)：57～60
[11]汤嘉立,吴访升,张溯烈.商品混凝土搅拌站联网集群自动控制系统[J].筑路机械与施工机械化,2008,(9)：78～80
[12]王晓山.浅议如何合理规划和布局预拌混凝土搅拌站[J].散装水泥.2010,(3)：17～18
[13]廉慧萍.商品混凝土搅拌站的系统管理[J].中国水泥,2009年4月：83～84
[14]曾祥义,王黎光.浅谈对商品混凝土搅拌站的生产质量控制[J].内蒙古科技与经济,2009年12月：125～126
[15]S.L.Tang, K.C.Ying, M.Andsonet al. RMCSIM:A simulation model of a ready-mixed concrete plant serving multiple sites using multiple truck mixers[J]. Construction Management&Economics,2005, (1):15-32
[16]David Naso, Michele Surico, Biagio Turchiano. Genetic algorithms for supply-chain scheduling:A case study in the distribution of ready-mixed concrete[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2006
[17]C.W.Feng, H.T.Wu.Using genetic algorithms to optimize the dispatching schedule of RMC cars[C]. Proceeding of the 17th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, Taipei, Taiwan,2000,927-932
[18]C.W.Feng, T.M.Cheng, H.T.Wu. Optimizing the schedule of dispatching RMC trucks through genetic algorithms[J]. Automation in Construction,2004, (13):327-340
[19]C.W.Feng, T.M.Cheng, H.T.Wu. Integrating fmGA and CYCLONE to optimize the schedule of dispatching RMC trucks[J]. Automation in Construction,2006, (15):186-199
[20]饶江.基于Pareto最优的悬架参数多目标优化[D].[硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学,2010
[21]Karthik Soundararajan, Robert W.Brennan. Design pattern for real-time distributed control system benchmarking[J].Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,2008, (24): 606-615
[22]孟旭.分布式集散控制系统及应用[J].黑龙江科技信息,2004,(12)：235～236
[23]泰国瑞,张文宏.高温高压全燃高炉煤气锅炉DCS计算机控制[J].电站系统工程,2008,24(4),63～64
[24]李鹏.DCS控制系统在煤气生产过程中的应用[J].逢动化仪表,2009,30(3)：39～46
[25]李朝涛.分散控制系统(DCS)业务综述[J].自动化信息,2008年3月：32～33
[26]孙瑜,张金祥,刘明佳.国产DCS在600MW超临界机组辅助车间控制一体化中的应用[J].中国电力,2008,,41(8)：76～79
[27]宋锋.ERP的C/S和B/S体系结构的比较[J].信息技术,2009,(8)：94～96
[28]丁智刚.C/S模式与B/S模式相结合的数据库系统技术研究[J].信息安全与技术,2011年11月：41～44
[29]马荣邦.Web技术发展的三个阶段综述[J].煤炭技术,2003,22(9)：128～130
[30]王山军.基于Web的经济管理类专业开发式教学平台设计与开发[J].电化教育研究,2010,(4)：86～89
[31]J.Holland. Adaptation in Natural and Artificial System[M]. Ann Arbor, Michigan:University of Michigan Press,1975
[32]D.E.Goldberg. Genetic Algorithms in Search[C].in:Addition-Wesley, Reading. Optimization and Machine Learning.MA,1989
[33]林恩仕.以派遣中心为基础之预拌混凝土厂派车模式[D].[硕士学位论文].台湾：国立成功大学,2003
[34]LiXin Wang, Jun Zhou, Yan Wang. Optimization of RMC Trucks Dispatch Plan Based on Genetic Algorithms and SMS Technique[C].in:Mechanics and Materials. Switzerland:2011:2194-2199
[35]Wu Min, Low Sui Pheng.EOQ, JIT and fixed costs in the ready-mixed concrete industry[J].Production Economics,2006, (102):167-180
[36]Wu Min, Low Sui Pheng. Modeling just in time purchasing in the ready mixed concrete industry[J].Production Economics,2007, (107):190-201
[37]Shangyao Yan, WeiShen Lai, Maonan Chen.Production scheduling and truck dispatching of ready mixed concrete[J].Transportation Research,2008, Part E 44:164-179
[38]韩方超.改进的单倍体遗传算法在车间生产调度中的应用研究[D].[硕士学位论文].哈尔滨：哈尔滨理工大学,2010
[39]高薛文.基于GPS和GIS车辆调度系统的混凝土运输生产调度[D].[硕士学位论文].上海： 上海交通大学,2008
[40]谢昭莉,金鑫,刘亮.基于改进自适应遗传算法的混凝土搅拌站原料库存优化[J].混凝土,2007,(10)：81～84
[41]孟文清,张亚鹏,邹景磊.基于遗传算法的大体积混凝土配合比优化[J].煤炭工程,2006,(12)：94～97
[42]郑武.基于遗传算法的商品混凝土配送模型研究[D].[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2005
[43]方红雨,崔逊学.基于遗传算法的调度问题研究[J].电脑与信息技术,2001,(2)：1～5
[44]张晋,李冬黎,李平.遗传算法编码机制的比较研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(6)：637～641
[45]李明.遗传算法的改进及其在优化问题中的应用研究[D].[硕士学位论文].长春：吉林大学,2004
[46]王银年.遗传算法的研究与应用[D].[硕士学位论文].无锡：江南大学,2009
[47]章新华.遗传算法及其应用[J].火力与指挥控制,1997,22(4)：49～54
[48]韩万林,张幼蒂.遗传算法及在采矿工程中的应用[J].IM&P化工矿物与加工,1998,(6)：1-4
[49]朱良学.遗传算法在车间调度中的应用研究[D].[硕士学位论文].兰州：兰州大学,2007
[50]汪松泉.遗传算法在组合优化中的应用研究[D].[硕士学位论文].合肥：安徽大学,2010
[51]吴晓涛,孙增圻.用遗传算法进行路径规划[J].清华大学学报,1995,(35)：14-19
[52]王小平,曹立明.遗传算法：理论、应用及软件实现[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,2002
[53]李敏强等.遗传算法的基本理论与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2002
[54]陈国良等.遗传算法及其应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,1996
[55]周明,孙树栋等.遗传算法原理及应用：Theory and Applications[M]北京：国防工业出版社,1999