新型耐热、阻燃环氧树脂及固化剂的合成和性能研究
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摘要
本文介绍了几种耐热、阻燃环氧树脂及固化剂的合成,利用各种表征手段对其固化物性能进行了研究,讨论了固化物性能同环氧树脂或固化剂结构之间的关系,并对其中部分固化体系的固化反应动力学进行了详细的研究。
以1-萘酚和二环戊二烯(DCPD)为主要原料合成了一种新型含萘环和二环戊二烯环结构的环氧树脂NDEP。其结构通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR),核磁共振波谱(NMR),质谱(MS)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)表征确定。用4,4'-二氨基二苯基砜(DDS)固化后所得固化产物的物理性能用动态热机械分析(DMTA)和热重分析(TGA)进行了表征。研究结果表明,固化产物具有高的玻璃化转变温度(T_g=236.2℃)和热稳定性,而且,因憎水性的萘环结构和环戊二烯环的引入,固化产物也表现出良好的耐水性。
合成了一种含萘环和DCPD环结构的酚醛型固化剂NDN,与通用型双酚A缩水甘油醚环氧树脂DGEBA高温固化后,其固化物通过DMTA和TGA进行了表征。和常用的耐热型固化剂DDS相比,NDN固化物具有更高的玻璃化转变温度和更好的热稳定性,而疏水的萘环和DCPD环结构也使NDN固化物具有更好的耐湿性能。
合成了一种含磷二羟基化合物双(3-羟基-苯氧基)苯基磷氧化物(BHPPO),并在此基础上合成了含磷环氧树脂BHPPO-EP。其结构由FTIR、MS、NMR和元素分析得以确定。采用DDS为固化剂,用TGA和氧指数仪测定其固化物的热降解行为和阻燃特性。BHPPO-EP比普通含溴阻燃环氧树脂具有更好的热稳定性,其极高的高温残碳率以及高达34的极限氧指数证明BHPPO-EP是一种阻燃效果优秀的无卤含磷环氧树脂。
用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了含萘环和二环戊二烯环结构环氧树脂NDEP和BHPPO的等温和非等温固化动力学。改进等转化率法(AICM)用以研究非等温固化过程,其有效活化能在反应初期同Kissinger模型所得活化能数据基本一致,之后由于分子运动受阻导致有效活化能升高。在等温固化动力学研究中,观察到自催化现象,利用Kamal模型可以较好的拟合反应初期及中期的转化率随时间变化,而到了反应后期,由于交联网络的形成,固化反应有扩散控制,引入了扩散因子对Kamal模型进行了修正。固化物的性能由DMTA、TGA和氧指数仪测定,变现出高玻璃化转变温度,良好的热稳定性和阻燃特性。
合成了一种新型含萘环和酰亚胺结构的环氧树脂BHPD-EP,其化学结构由~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR、FTIR和元素分析进行了表征。利用DSC放热曲线对BHPD-EP和DDS的固化动力学进行了研究。固化物性能通过DMTA和TGA进行了表征,结果显示,BHPD-EP/DDS固化物具有高玻璃化转变温度和热稳定性。
Novel heat resistant, flame retardant epoxy resins and curing agents were synthesized. The properties of the cured polymers were investigated by several methods. The relationship of these properties of the cured polymers with the structure of the epoxy resins or curing agents were studied. The cure kinetics of some curing systems were also carefully investigated.
A new epoxy resin containing both naphthalene and dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) group was synthesized to produce a highly heat-resistant network, and the curing behavior was investigated using diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) as curing agent. The chemical structures were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Mass Spectrometry (MS), and Gel Filtration Chromatography (GPC) analyses. Dynamic curing behavior was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The physical properties of the resulting polymers were evaluated with dynamic thermal mechanical analyses (DMTA) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The cured polymer showed great improvement in heat resistant property including remarkably higher glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal stability.
A novel novolac curing agent containing both naphthalene and dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) moieties was prepared. The thermal properties of the resulting polymer from diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin cured with the novel curing agent were evaluated using DMTA and TGA. Compared with the conventional curing agent, the resulting polymer cured with naphthalene/DCPD novolac shows considerable improvement in heat resistant properties such as higher glass transition temperature (T_g) and thermal stability. The result also shows better moisture resistance because of the hydrophobic nature of naphthalene/DCPD structure.
A reactive phosphorus-containing compound, bis-phenoxy (3-hydroxy) phenyl phosphine oxide (BHPPO) was successfully synthesized to produce the phosphorus-containing flame retardant epoxy resin (BHPPO-EP). The chemical structures were characterized with FTIR, MS, NMR spectra and elemental analyses. Thermal degradation behaviors and flame retardant properties of the cured epoxy resins were investigated by TGA and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test using DDS as curing agent. The cured BHPPO-EP exhibited better stability than the regular bromine containing epoxy resin. The high char yields and the high limiting oxygen index values 34 were also found to certificate the great flame retardancy of this new phosphorus-containing epoxy resin.
The cure kinetics of naphthyl/dicyclopentadiene epoxy resin and bis-phenoxy (3-hydroxy) phosphine oxide (BHPPO) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under nonisothermal and isothermal condition. The advanced isoconversional method (AICM) was used to study the nonisothermal DSC data, the effective activation energy of the curing system in the early stage agreed with the value calculated from the Kissinger model and then increased because of the hindrance of molecular mobility. Autocatalytic behavior was shown in the isothermal DSC measurement, which was well described by Kamal model in the early curing stage. In the later stage, a crosslinked network structure was formed and the curing reaction was mainly controlled by diffusion. The diffusion factor was introduced to optimize the Kamal model and correct the deviation of the calculated data. The physical properties of the cured polymer were evaluated by DMTA, TGA and limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, which exhibited relatively high glass transition temperature, good thermal stability and flame retardance.
A novel epoxy resin containing imide and naphthyl groups was synthesized to produce heat resistant polymer. The chemical structures were characterized by ~1H-NMR, ~(13)C-NMR, FTIR spectra and elemental analyses. The curing behavior was investigated by DSC using DDS as curing agent. The physical properties of the cured polymer were evaluated with DMTA and TGA. The cured polymer exhibited great improvement in heat resistant properties including higher glass transition temperature (T_g) and better thermal stability.
以1-萘酚和二环戊二烯(DCPD)为主要原料合成了一种新型含萘环和二环戊二烯环结构的环氧树脂NDEP。其结构通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR),核磁共振波谱(NMR),质谱(MS)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)表征确定。用4,4'-二氨基二苯基砜(DDS)固化后所得固化产物的物理性能用动态热机械分析(DMTA)和热重分析(TGA)进行了表征。研究结果表明,固化产物具有高的玻璃化转变温度(T_g=236.2℃)和热稳定性,而且,因憎水性的萘环结构和环戊二烯环的引入,固化产物也表现出良好的耐水性。
合成了一种含萘环和DCPD环结构的酚醛型固化剂NDN,与通用型双酚A缩水甘油醚环氧树脂DGEBA高温固化后,其固化物通过DMTA和TGA进行了表征。和常用的耐热型固化剂DDS相比,NDN固化物具有更高的玻璃化转变温度和更好的热稳定性,而疏水的萘环和DCPD环结构也使NDN固化物具有更好的耐湿性能。
合成了一种含磷二羟基化合物双(3-羟基-苯氧基)苯基磷氧化物(BHPPO),并在此基础上合成了含磷环氧树脂BHPPO-EP。其结构由FTIR、MS、NMR和元素分析得以确定。采用DDS为固化剂,用TGA和氧指数仪测定其固化物的热降解行为和阻燃特性。BHPPO-EP比普通含溴阻燃环氧树脂具有更好的热稳定性,其极高的高温残碳率以及高达34的极限氧指数证明BHPPO-EP是一种阻燃效果优秀的无卤含磷环氧树脂。
用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了含萘环和二环戊二烯环结构环氧树脂NDEP和BHPPO的等温和非等温固化动力学。改进等转化率法(AICM)用以研究非等温固化过程,其有效活化能在反应初期同Kissinger模型所得活化能数据基本一致,之后由于分子运动受阻导致有效活化能升高。在等温固化动力学研究中,观察到自催化现象,利用Kamal模型可以较好的拟合反应初期及中期的转化率随时间变化,而到了反应后期,由于交联网络的形成,固化反应有扩散控制,引入了扩散因子对Kamal模型进行了修正。固化物的性能由DMTA、TGA和氧指数仪测定,变现出高玻璃化转变温度,良好的热稳定性和阻燃特性。
合成了一种新型含萘环和酰亚胺结构的环氧树脂BHPD-EP,其化学结构由~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR、FTIR和元素分析进行了表征。利用DSC放热曲线对BHPD-EP和DDS的固化动力学进行了研究。固化物性能通过DMTA和TGA进行了表征,结果显示,BHPD-EP/DDS固化物具有高玻璃化转变温度和热稳定性。
Novel heat resistant, flame retardant epoxy resins and curing agents were synthesized. The properties of the cured polymers were investigated by several methods. The relationship of these properties of the cured polymers with the structure of the epoxy resins or curing agents were studied. The cure kinetics of some curing systems were also carefully investigated.
A new epoxy resin containing both naphthalene and dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) group was synthesized to produce a highly heat-resistant network, and the curing behavior was investigated using diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) as curing agent. The chemical structures were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Mass Spectrometry (MS), and Gel Filtration Chromatography (GPC) analyses. Dynamic curing behavior was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The physical properties of the resulting polymers were evaluated with dynamic thermal mechanical analyses (DMTA) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The cured polymer showed great improvement in heat resistant property including remarkably higher glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal stability.
A novel novolac curing agent containing both naphthalene and dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) moieties was prepared. The thermal properties of the resulting polymer from diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin cured with the novel curing agent were evaluated using DMTA and TGA. Compared with the conventional curing agent, the resulting polymer cured with naphthalene/DCPD novolac shows considerable improvement in heat resistant properties such as higher glass transition temperature (T_g) and thermal stability. The result also shows better moisture resistance because of the hydrophobic nature of naphthalene/DCPD structure.
A reactive phosphorus-containing compound, bis-phenoxy (3-hydroxy) phenyl phosphine oxide (BHPPO) was successfully synthesized to produce the phosphorus-containing flame retardant epoxy resin (BHPPO-EP). The chemical structures were characterized with FTIR, MS, NMR spectra and elemental analyses. Thermal degradation behaviors and flame retardant properties of the cured epoxy resins were investigated by TGA and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test using DDS as curing agent. The cured BHPPO-EP exhibited better stability than the regular bromine containing epoxy resin. The high char yields and the high limiting oxygen index values 34 were also found to certificate the great flame retardancy of this new phosphorus-containing epoxy resin.
The cure kinetics of naphthyl/dicyclopentadiene epoxy resin and bis-phenoxy (3-hydroxy) phosphine oxide (BHPPO) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under nonisothermal and isothermal condition. The advanced isoconversional method (AICM) was used to study the nonisothermal DSC data, the effective activation energy of the curing system in the early stage agreed with the value calculated from the Kissinger model and then increased because of the hindrance of molecular mobility. Autocatalytic behavior was shown in the isothermal DSC measurement, which was well described by Kamal model in the early curing stage. In the later stage, a crosslinked network structure was formed and the curing reaction was mainly controlled by diffusion. The diffusion factor was introduced to optimize the Kamal model and correct the deviation of the calculated data. The physical properties of the cured polymer were evaluated by DMTA, TGA and limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, which exhibited relatively high glass transition temperature, good thermal stability and flame retardance.
A novel epoxy resin containing imide and naphthyl groups was synthesized to produce heat resistant polymer. The chemical structures were characterized by ~1H-NMR, ~(13)C-NMR, FTIR spectra and elemental analyses. The curing behavior was investigated by DSC using DDS as curing agent. The physical properties of the cured polymer were evaluated with DMTA and TGA. The cured polymer exhibited great improvement in heat resistant properties including higher glass transition temperature (T_g) and better thermal stability.
引文
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