从功能主义理论视角浅析公示语汉英翻译
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摘要
公示语作为一种应用文体,它们主要用于向人们传达有用的信息,提出合理化建议和规范人们的行为。从某种意义上讲,公示语汉英翻译质量的提高是改善文化环境的一个重要组成部分。但是,公示语的英译普遍质量不高,未能充分发挥应有的作用。本文的撰写正是立足于此,试从功能主义理论视角,对公示语汉英翻译进行理论和实践方面的探讨。
公示语汉英翻译是翻译研究的新领域。依据功能主义理论,在进行公示语汉英翻译的过程中,译者要充分考虑到文本类型、翻译目的和翻译行为等方面的因素。根据功能主义翻译理论对翻译错误的划分,本文从语用、文化、语言和特定文本四个方面分析了目前公示语英译的错误。“目的决定方法”是功能主义理论最为核心的观点之一,即翻译的可接受性和效果决定了翻译策略和方法。本文通过具体实例阐明了公示语汉英翻译的策略和方法。
Public signs serve as practical texts. They are intended to offer useful information to the public, make reasonable proposals, and regulate people's behavior. To a certain extent, the improvement of quality of Chinese-English (C-E) translation of public signs could be an important part of our effort in creating a favorable cultural environment. However, the current quality of the C-E translation of public signs is not good enough to efficiently reach the goal. In this situation, this thesis will try to give a theoretical and practical analysis of C-E translation of public signs from the perspective of functionalist translation.
C-E translation of public signs is a new field in translation studies. According to the functionalist theory, translators should draw attention to the functional factors in the translation of public signs, including: text type, intention and translating action. The author will analyze pragmatic, cultural, linguistic and text-specific translation errors and suggest some translation strategies based on the functionalist theory. "The end justifies the means", as the core idea of functionalist translation, means that the translation strategies and methods are determined by the acceptability and effectiveness of translation. To summarize, this thesis illustrates the translating strategies and practical methods proposed by the author.
公示语汉英翻译是翻译研究的新领域。依据功能主义理论,在进行公示语汉英翻译的过程中,译者要充分考虑到文本类型、翻译目的和翻译行为等方面的因素。根据功能主义翻译理论对翻译错误的划分,本文从语用、文化、语言和特定文本四个方面分析了目前公示语英译的错误。“目的决定方法”是功能主义理论最为核心的观点之一,即翻译的可接受性和效果决定了翻译策略和方法。本文通过具体实例阐明了公示语汉英翻译的策略和方法。
Public signs serve as practical texts. They are intended to offer useful information to the public, make reasonable proposals, and regulate people's behavior. To a certain extent, the improvement of quality of Chinese-English (C-E) translation of public signs could be an important part of our effort in creating a favorable cultural environment. However, the current quality of the C-E translation of public signs is not good enough to efficiently reach the goal. In this situation, this thesis will try to give a theoretical and practical analysis of C-E translation of public signs from the perspective of functionalist translation.
C-E translation of public signs is a new field in translation studies. According to the functionalist theory, translators should draw attention to the functional factors in the translation of public signs, including: text type, intention and translating action. The author will analyze pragmatic, cultural, linguistic and text-specific translation errors and suggest some translation strategies based on the functionalist theory. "The end justifies the means", as the core idea of functionalist translation, means that the translation strategies and methods are determined by the acceptability and effectiveness of translation. To summarize, this thesis illustrates the translating strategies and practical methods proposed by the author.
引文
Agar,Michael.(1991).The Biculture in Bilingual.Language in Society 20:167-181.
Baker,Mona.(2004).Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Bussnet,Susan.(1991).Translation Studies,Revised Edition.London & New York:Printer.
Redman,Stuart.(2001).English Vocabulary in Use.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Edwin,Gentzler.(2004).Contemporary translation theories(Revised 2~(nd) ed.) Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press
Gregory's Map of Sydney Olympic and Paralympic Venues,2000.
IOC:Beijing '08 preparations on track,http://english.people.com.cn/200506/02/eng20050602_188039.html
Munday,Jeremy.(2001).Introducing Translation Studies-Theories and Applications.London:Routledge
Newmark,Peter.(1981).Approaches to Translation.London:Prentice Hall.
Newmark,Peter.(1988).A Textbook of Translation.London:Prentice Hall
Newmark,Peter.(1991).Pragmatic translation and literalism,About Translation.Clevedon and Philadelphia:Multilingual Matters.
Nida,Eugene A.(1997).Language,Culture,and Translating.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Nord,Christiane.(1997).Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained.Manchester:St:Jerome Publishing.
Nord,Christiane.(2001).Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Pinkham,Joan.(2000).The Translator's Guide to Chinglish.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Reiss,Katharina.(1971/2000).Translation Criticism:The Potentials and Limitations:Categories and Criteria for Translation Quality Assessment.(Translated by Erroll,F.R.).Manchester:St.Jerome Publishing.
Reiss,Katharina.(1977/1989).Text Types,Translation Types and Translation Assessment (Translated by A.Chesterman).Finland:Oy Finn Lectura Ab.I
Reiss,Katharina and Hans J.Vermeer.(1984).Groundwork for a General Theory of Translation.Helsinki:Gaudeamus.
Reiss,Katharina.(1987).Pragmatic Aspects of Translation.Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics 13(2):47-59.
Shuttle,Mark&Cowie,Morie.(2004).Dictionary of Translation Studies.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Snell-Hornby,Mary.(1988).Translation Studies:An Integrated Approach.Amsterdam&Philadelphia:Benjamins.
Vermeer,Hans J.(1987).What does it mean to translate? Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics 13(2):25-33.
Vermeer,Hans J.(1989) 'Skopos and commission in translational action',in Chesterman (ed),173-187.Article specially written for the volume,outlining two central concepts in the theory of translational action:the 'Skopos' and the commission or translation brief.
Vermeer,Hans J.(1990) "Quality in Translation - a social task',The CERA Lectures 1990.The CERA Chair for Translation,Communication and Cultures,Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,Belgium,June/July 1990.
Weight,Georg Henrik.(1963).Norm and Action.A Logical Enquiry.London:Routledge &Kegan Paul.
Weight,Georg Henrik.(1968).An Essay in Denotic Logic and the General Theory of Action.Amsterdam:North Holland.
包惠南.《文化语境与语言翻译》.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1982
北竹,单爱民.“谈英语公示用语的语言特点与汉英翻译”.《北京第二外国语学院学报》,2002(05):76-79
卞建华.“关于翻译目的论相关问题的讨论一与克里斯蒂安·诺德教授的四次网上交流”.《中国翻译》,2006(01):44-46
卞建华.“对诺德‘忠诚原则'的解读”.《中国科技翻译》,2006(03):33-36
卞正东.“论标示语的翻译”.《上海翻译》,2005(01):27-31
陈定安.《英汉比较与翻译》.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1988
陈淑莹.“标示语英译的语用失误探析”.《四川外语学院学报》,2006(01):117-120
陈小慰.“翻译功能理论的启示一对某些翻译方法的新思考”.《中国翻译》,2000(04):9-12
陈小慰.《语言·功能·翻译-汉英翻译理论与实践》.福州:福建教育出版社,1998
戴宗显,吕和发.“公示语汉英翻译研究-以2012年奥运会主办城市伦敦为例”.《中国翻译》,2005(06):38-42
邓炎昌,刘润清.《语言与文化》.北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1995
丁衡祁.“对外宣传中的英语质量亟待提高”.《中国翻译》,2002(04):44-46
丁衡祁.“努力完善城市公示语逐步确定参照性译文”.《中国翻译》,2006(06):42-46
方梦之.《汉译英实践与技巧》.上海:旅游教育出版社,1996
方梦之,毛忠明.《英汉-汉英应用翻译教程》.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004
公共场所双语标识英文译法.北京:北京市质量技术监督局,2006
汉英公示语研究在线.www.e_signs.info.
贺学耘.“汉英公示语翻译的现状及其交际翻译策略”.《外语与外语教学》,2006(03):57-59
何自然.《语用学与英语学习》.上海:上海外语教育出版社,1998
黄友义.“从翻译工作者的权利到外宣翻译-在首届全国公示语翻译研讨会上的讲话”.《中国翻译》,2005(06):31-33
金惠康.《跨文化交际翻译续编》.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2004
金堤.《等效翻译探索》(增订版).北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1998
贾文波.《应用翻译功能论》.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2004
柯平.《英汉与汉英翻译教程》.北京:北京大学出版社,1993
李长栓.《非文学翻译理论与实践》.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2004
陆国飞.“旅游景点汉语介绍英译的功能观”.《外语教学》,2006(05):78-80
吕和发.“公示语的汉英翻译”.《中国科技翻译》,2004(01):38-40
吕和发,单丽平.《汉英公示语词典》.北京:商务印书馆,2004
吕和发.“公示语的功能特点与汉英翻译研究”.《术语标准化与信息技术》,2005(02):21-26
罗选民.“关于公示语翻译的几点思考”.《中国翻译》,2006(04):66-69
潘平亮.“翻译目的论及其文本意识的弱化倾向”.《上海翻译》,2006(01):13-17
王福祥,吴汉樱.《文化与语言》.北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2000
王银泉.“汉英公示语翻译及其译学理据”.《北京第二外国语学院学报》,2007(06):8-17
王颖,吕和发.《公示语汉英翻译》.北京:中国出版集团中国对外翻译出版公司,2007
杨全红.“也谈汉英公示语的翻译”.《中国翻译》,2005(06):43-46
杨英明.“论功能翻译理论”.《中国翻译》,2001(06):39-42
张锦兰.“目的论与翻译方法”.《中国科技翻译》,2004(01):35-37
张美芳.《翻译研究的功能途径》.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2005
张美芳.“功能加忠诚一介评克里丝汀·诺德的功能翻译理论”.《外国语》,2005(01):60-65
张美芳.“澳门公共牌示语言及其翻译研究”.《上海翻译》,2006(01):29-33
赵军.“浅谈公共场所的英语翻译问题”.《中国翻译》,1997(06):13-15
赵湘.“公示语翻译研究综述”.《外语与外语教学》,2006(12):52-54
赵湘.“中英标识语的文化差异与语用翻译”.《外语教学》,2006(02):72-74
仲伟合,钟钮.“德国的功能派翻译理论”.《中国翻译》,1999(03):47-49
周兆祥.《翻译与人生》.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1998
Baker,Mona.(2004).Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Bussnet,Susan.(1991).Translation Studies,Revised Edition.London & New York:Printer.
Redman,Stuart.(2001).English Vocabulary in Use.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Edwin,Gentzler.(2004).Contemporary translation theories(Revised 2~(nd) ed.) Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press
Gregory's Map of Sydney Olympic and Paralympic Venues,2000.
IOC:Beijing '08 preparations on track,http://english.people.com.cn/200506/02/eng20050602_188039.html
Munday,Jeremy.(2001).Introducing Translation Studies-Theories and Applications.London:Routledge
Newmark,Peter.(1981).Approaches to Translation.London:Prentice Hall.
Newmark,Peter.(1988).A Textbook of Translation.London:Prentice Hall
Newmark,Peter.(1991).Pragmatic translation and literalism,About Translation.Clevedon and Philadelphia:Multilingual Matters.
Nida,Eugene A.(1997).Language,Culture,and Translating.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Nord,Christiane.(1997).Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained.Manchester:St:Jerome Publishing.
Nord,Christiane.(2001).Translating as a Purposeful Activity:Functionalist Approaches Explained.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Pinkham,Joan.(2000).The Translator's Guide to Chinglish.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Reiss,Katharina.(1971/2000).Translation Criticism:The Potentials and Limitations:Categories and Criteria for Translation Quality Assessment.(Translated by Erroll,F.R.).Manchester:St.Jerome Publishing.
Reiss,Katharina.(1977/1989).Text Types,Translation Types and Translation Assessment (Translated by A.Chesterman).Finland:Oy Finn Lectura Ab.I
Reiss,Katharina and Hans J.Vermeer.(1984).Groundwork for a General Theory of Translation.Helsinki:Gaudeamus.
Reiss,Katharina.(1987).Pragmatic Aspects of Translation.Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics 13(2):47-59.
Shuttle,Mark&Cowie,Morie.(2004).Dictionary of Translation Studies.Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Snell-Hornby,Mary.(1988).Translation Studies:An Integrated Approach.Amsterdam&Philadelphia:Benjamins.
Vermeer,Hans J.(1987).What does it mean to translate? Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics 13(2):25-33.
Vermeer,Hans J.(1989) 'Skopos and commission in translational action',in Chesterman (ed),173-187.Article specially written for the volume,outlining two central concepts in the theory of translational action:the 'Skopos' and the commission or translation brief.
Vermeer,Hans J.(1990) "Quality in Translation - a social task',The CERA Lectures 1990.The CERA Chair for Translation,Communication and Cultures,Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,Belgium,June/July 1990.
Weight,Georg Henrik.(1963).Norm and Action.A Logical Enquiry.London:Routledge &Kegan Paul.
Weight,Georg Henrik.(1968).An Essay in Denotic Logic and the General Theory of Action.Amsterdam:North Holland.
包惠南.《文化语境与语言翻译》.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1982
北竹,单爱民.“谈英语公示用语的语言特点与汉英翻译”.《北京第二外国语学院学报》,2002(05):76-79
卞建华.“关于翻译目的论相关问题的讨论一与克里斯蒂安·诺德教授的四次网上交流”.《中国翻译》,2006(01):44-46
卞建华.“对诺德‘忠诚原则'的解读”.《中国科技翻译》,2006(03):33-36
卞正东.“论标示语的翻译”.《上海翻译》,2005(01):27-31
陈定安.《英汉比较与翻译》.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1988
陈淑莹.“标示语英译的语用失误探析”.《四川外语学院学报》,2006(01):117-120
陈小慰.“翻译功能理论的启示一对某些翻译方法的新思考”.《中国翻译》,2000(04):9-12
陈小慰.《语言·功能·翻译-汉英翻译理论与实践》.福州:福建教育出版社,1998
戴宗显,吕和发.“公示语汉英翻译研究-以2012年奥运会主办城市伦敦为例”.《中国翻译》,2005(06):38-42
邓炎昌,刘润清.《语言与文化》.北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1995
丁衡祁.“对外宣传中的英语质量亟待提高”.《中国翻译》,2002(04):44-46
丁衡祁.“努力完善城市公示语逐步确定参照性译文”.《中国翻译》,2006(06):42-46
方梦之.《汉译英实践与技巧》.上海:旅游教育出版社,1996
方梦之,毛忠明.《英汉-汉英应用翻译教程》.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2004
公共场所双语标识英文译法.北京:北京市质量技术监督局,2006
汉英公示语研究在线.www.e_signs.info.
贺学耘.“汉英公示语翻译的现状及其交际翻译策略”.《外语与外语教学》,2006(03):57-59
何自然.《语用学与英语学习》.上海:上海外语教育出版社,1998
黄友义.“从翻译工作者的权利到外宣翻译-在首届全国公示语翻译研讨会上的讲话”.《中国翻译》,2005(06):31-33
金惠康.《跨文化交际翻译续编》.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2004
金堤.《等效翻译探索》(增订版).北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1998
贾文波.《应用翻译功能论》.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2004
柯平.《英汉与汉英翻译教程》.北京:北京大学出版社,1993
李长栓.《非文学翻译理论与实践》.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2004
陆国飞.“旅游景点汉语介绍英译的功能观”.《外语教学》,2006(05):78-80
吕和发.“公示语的汉英翻译”.《中国科技翻译》,2004(01):38-40
吕和发,单丽平.《汉英公示语词典》.北京:商务印书馆,2004
吕和发.“公示语的功能特点与汉英翻译研究”.《术语标准化与信息技术》,2005(02):21-26
罗选民.“关于公示语翻译的几点思考”.《中国翻译》,2006(04):66-69
潘平亮.“翻译目的论及其文本意识的弱化倾向”.《上海翻译》,2006(01):13-17
王福祥,吴汉樱.《文化与语言》.北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2000
王银泉.“汉英公示语翻译及其译学理据”.《北京第二外国语学院学报》,2007(06):8-17
王颖,吕和发.《公示语汉英翻译》.北京:中国出版集团中国对外翻译出版公司,2007
杨全红.“也谈汉英公示语的翻译”.《中国翻译》,2005(06):43-46
杨英明.“论功能翻译理论”.《中国翻译》,2001(06):39-42
张锦兰.“目的论与翻译方法”.《中国科技翻译》,2004(01):35-37
张美芳.《翻译研究的功能途径》.上海:上海外语教育出版社,2005
张美芳.“功能加忠诚一介评克里丝汀·诺德的功能翻译理论”.《外国语》,2005(01):60-65
张美芳.“澳门公共牌示语言及其翻译研究”.《上海翻译》,2006(01):29-33
赵军.“浅谈公共场所的英语翻译问题”.《中国翻译》,1997(06):13-15
赵湘.“公示语翻译研究综述”.《外语与外语教学》,2006(12):52-54
赵湘.“中英标识语的文化差异与语用翻译”.《外语教学》,2006(02):72-74
仲伟合,钟钮.“德国的功能派翻译理论”.《中国翻译》,1999(03):47-49
周兆祥.《翻译与人生》.北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,1998