城市交通控制系统与交通流诱导系统协同策略研究
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摘要
城市交通控制与交通流诱导系统协同模式和策略制定正确可以节约路网成本,避免重复建设的资源浪费,减少管理系统的计算和响应时间,为交通管理系统实时响应交通流状态创造了条件。本文首先系统分析了城市交控制系统与交通流诱导系统协同的主要内容,然后就协同策略问题展开研究。首先对协同策略的核心—协同模式进行研究,阐述了各种协同模式的工作原理和应用情况。然后针对不同的交通状态和特殊交通管理目标进行协同策略研究;分析不同交通状态下的协同目标,应该采用的协同模式,并建立了协同模型;对于特殊管理目标的协同策略,研究了突发事件下特种车的优先控制、公交车的优先控制两种情况下的协同问题,提出了特种车绝对优先控制方案,建立了公交优先与社会车辆路径诱导的递阶协同模型,并以公交优先管理目标下的协同为例,利用VISSIM软件进行模拟验证。本文的研究为城市交通控制与交通流诱导系统协同的最终实现提供理论指导和方法依据。
It is necessary and essential to cooperate Urban Traffic Control System with Urban Traffic Guidance System, which will integrate traffic facilities and thus building both intelligent and economical transportation system. The paper is supported by Doctor Science Research Foundation of China“study on theory and method for cooperation of urban mixed traffic control system and urban traffic flow guidance system”and ministry of education 973 pre-study Foundation“the theory, model and implement of urban traffic system intelligent coordination”, mainly studied on cooperation strategy. As we all know, a good strategy can save cost, avoid resource waste, reduce the calculated and respond time. Also a good strategy creates conditions for respond traffic flow stations in time.
The first chapter mainly introduced the significance and meaning of this paper. Start from the mechanism of Urban Traffic Control System (UTCS) and Urban Traffic Guidance System (UTFGS), analysis the relationship between UTCS and UTFGS in detail. UTCS and UTFGS connected with each other closely in space and time, they are input and restrict to each other, and they have the same management object and the same management target. Thus, to cooperate the two systems can solve the traffic problems more efficiency; then, the paper summarize the study history and product about cooperation from home to abroad, and point out the deficiency of them. Lastly, present the main content and chapter arrange of this paper.
Chapter two summarized the cooperation content and the cooperation mode. From the functionary scope of cooperation, we summarize the cooperation content to be time and space cooperation, information cooperation, strategy cooperation, arithmetic cooperation, and technology cooperation in urban road. The paper only studies the cooperation strategy, because the cooperation strategy is the foundation to carry out cooperation. We found that the core problem of strategy cooperation is cooperation mode, there are six different kinds of cooperation modes, they are independence mode, emphasize control system or guidance system modes, harmonize mode, and integration mode. To each mode, we introduced their work principle, advantage and disadvantage. This is the bases for making cooperation strategy.
Chapter three introduced the cooperation strategy in different traffic environments. A good strategy should change with traffic environments. This chapter just studies the cooperation strategy in different environments. Firstly, we divide the traffic condition to be four levels: smooth, slightly crowed, crowed and congestion. To each station we studied the cooperation strategy from the management cost, the calculated speed and the management effect, point out the cooperation goal, the cooperation mode and set up the cooperation arithmetic. In free conditions, in order to quicken the calculated speed, we choose independence mode; In slightly crowed conditions, the cooperation strategy play the important role in traffic management, if we cooperate the two system effectively, the traffic will avoid the crowed conditions, so the harmonize mode and integration mode will be good choice; If crowed conditions happened, emphasize guidance system mode is the best choice, guidance system can evacuate the traffic flow promptly. We define the congestion condition to be crowed of all the networks, in this conditions, all the traffic management have no effect, we should build more route to enlarge the network of the city.
Chapter four studied the cooperation strategy in special management goal. A good strategy should consider not only traffic environments, but also management goal. Even to the same traffic environments; the cooperation strategy will be different if the management goal is different. We just study the cooperation strategy in special management goal-signal priority. There are two kinds of priority: the rescue car priority in emergency and the transit priority.
Aimed at the limitation of present green signal control to rescue car, we divide the traffic flow in intersection to be two kinds, priority flow, and the lag flow. Then we design an absolutely priority strategy to rescue car. Before the rescue car reach the intersection, we control the priority flow to be green, and the lag flow to be red, this can make sure the rescue car to pass the inter section freely. At the same time, in order to relax the delay of social car caused by rescue car, we design a route guidance strategy based on absolutely priority of rescue car. This can reduce the respond time to incident and increase the capacity.
Then the paper studied the cooperation strategy in transit signal priority, the bus is more than rescue car in urban road, so they can’t get absolutely priority. So we design a hierarchical cooperation strategy between transit signal priority and social car route guidance, and set a model based on passenger and car. During the cooperation there are two layers, function layer and the cooperation layer. In function layer, we establish transit signal priority model and route guidance model separately in function layer, and to coordinate the two systems in cooperation layer. Until get the optimize result of control system and guidance system. This strategy can reduce the delay of social car caused by transit signal priority.
Lastly, we set a network to simulate the cooperation strategy in transit signal priority. The network is based on changchun renmin street, nahu road , yatai street and free road, that’s a cooperation zone. We design two projects, the first one has only transit signal priority, the second project cooperate the control system and guidance system. Analysis the result of the two projects, we found that in cooperation conditions, the traffic state is better than no cooperation condition; to cooperation the two systems can get distinct effect.
Chapter five is a summary of the thesis as well as some aspects that need further research.
It is necessary and essential to cooperate Urban Traffic Control System with Urban Traffic Guidance System, which will integrate traffic facilities and thus building both intelligent and economical transportation system. The paper is supported by Doctor Science Research Foundation of China“study on theory and method for cooperation of urban mixed traffic control system and urban traffic flow guidance system”and ministry of education 973 pre-study Foundation“the theory, model and implement of urban traffic system intelligent coordination”, mainly studied on cooperation strategy. As we all know, a good strategy can save cost, avoid resource waste, reduce the calculated and respond time. Also a good strategy creates conditions for respond traffic flow stations in time.
The first chapter mainly introduced the significance and meaning of this paper. Start from the mechanism of Urban Traffic Control System (UTCS) and Urban Traffic Guidance System (UTFGS), analysis the relationship between UTCS and UTFGS in detail. UTCS and UTFGS connected with each other closely in space and time, they are input and restrict to each other, and they have the same management object and the same management target. Thus, to cooperate the two systems can solve the traffic problems more efficiency; then, the paper summarize the study history and product about cooperation from home to abroad, and point out the deficiency of them. Lastly, present the main content and chapter arrange of this paper.
Chapter two summarized the cooperation content and the cooperation mode. From the functionary scope of cooperation, we summarize the cooperation content to be time and space cooperation, information cooperation, strategy cooperation, arithmetic cooperation, and technology cooperation in urban road. The paper only studies the cooperation strategy, because the cooperation strategy is the foundation to carry out cooperation. We found that the core problem of strategy cooperation is cooperation mode, there are six different kinds of cooperation modes, they are independence mode, emphasize control system or guidance system modes, harmonize mode, and integration mode. To each mode, we introduced their work principle, advantage and disadvantage. This is the bases for making cooperation strategy.
Chapter three introduced the cooperation strategy in different traffic environments. A good strategy should change with traffic environments. This chapter just studies the cooperation strategy in different environments. Firstly, we divide the traffic condition to be four levels: smooth, slightly crowed, crowed and congestion. To each station we studied the cooperation strategy from the management cost, the calculated speed and the management effect, point out the cooperation goal, the cooperation mode and set up the cooperation arithmetic. In free conditions, in order to quicken the calculated speed, we choose independence mode; In slightly crowed conditions, the cooperation strategy play the important role in traffic management, if we cooperate the two system effectively, the traffic will avoid the crowed conditions, so the harmonize mode and integration mode will be good choice; If crowed conditions happened, emphasize guidance system mode is the best choice, guidance system can evacuate the traffic flow promptly. We define the congestion condition to be crowed of all the networks, in this conditions, all the traffic management have no effect, we should build more route to enlarge the network of the city.
Chapter four studied the cooperation strategy in special management goal. A good strategy should consider not only traffic environments, but also management goal. Even to the same traffic environments; the cooperation strategy will be different if the management goal is different. We just study the cooperation strategy in special management goal-signal priority. There are two kinds of priority: the rescue car priority in emergency and the transit priority.
Aimed at the limitation of present green signal control to rescue car, we divide the traffic flow in intersection to be two kinds, priority flow, and the lag flow. Then we design an absolutely priority strategy to rescue car. Before the rescue car reach the intersection, we control the priority flow to be green, and the lag flow to be red, this can make sure the rescue car to pass the inter section freely. At the same time, in order to relax the delay of social car caused by rescue car, we design a route guidance strategy based on absolutely priority of rescue car. This can reduce the respond time to incident and increase the capacity.
Then the paper studied the cooperation strategy in transit signal priority, the bus is more than rescue car in urban road, so they can’t get absolutely priority. So we design a hierarchical cooperation strategy between transit signal priority and social car route guidance, and set a model based on passenger and car. During the cooperation there are two layers, function layer and the cooperation layer. In function layer, we establish transit signal priority model and route guidance model separately in function layer, and to coordinate the two systems in cooperation layer. Until get the optimize result of control system and guidance system. This strategy can reduce the delay of social car caused by transit signal priority.
Lastly, we set a network to simulate the cooperation strategy in transit signal priority. The network is based on changchun renmin street, nahu road , yatai street and free road, that’s a cooperation zone. We design two projects, the first one has only transit signal priority, the second project cooperate the control system and guidance system. Analysis the result of the two projects, we found that in cooperation conditions, the traffic state is better than no cooperation condition; to cooperation the two systems can get distinct effect.
Chapter five is a summary of the thesis as well as some aspects that need further research.
引文
[1] 杨进峰,城市交通流诱导系统及关键技术研究[D],武汉理工大学博士学位论文,2004.06
[2] 马寿峰,李艳君,贺国光,城市交通控制与诱导协调模式的系统分析[J],管理科学学报,2003 年 03 期:45-52
[3] 聂方,张子轩,城市交通管理控制与诱导系统的协同关系[J],道路交通与安全,2006.03:26-36
[4] 保丽霞,杨兆升,朱国华,交通信号控制与交通流诱导的多级协同运作机理分析[J],第六届全国交通运输领域青年学术会议,2005.08:697-700
[5] Allsop R.H, Some posiibilities for using traffic control to influence trip distribution and route choice[J], Proc 6th international symposium on traffic and transportation theory,1974
[6] Gartner, Nathan H,Stamatiadis. Integration of dynamic traffic assignment with real-time traffic adaptive control system[J], Transportation Research Record,1998:150-156
[7] Haitham M. Al-Deek, A Combined Traveler Behavior and System Performance Model with Advanced Traveler Information Systems[J], Transpn Res.-A, Vol. 32, No. 7, 1998:479-493
[8] 周溪召, 实时交通控制和交通分配整合的研究进展[J],上海海运学院学报,2002.09:32-38
[9] 保丽霞,基于信息集成的城市交通流诱导与交通控制协同的关键理论及技术研究[D],吉林大学博士学位论文,2006.06
[10] M.J. Smith and T.Van Vuren. Traffic equilibrium with responsive traffic control[J].Transportation Science, Vol. 27, No. 2, 1993:118-132
[11] M. J. Smith. Traffic signals in assignment[J]. Transportation Research, Vol. 19B, No.2, 1985:155-160
[12] M. J. Smith, T. Van Vuren, B. G. Heydecker and D. Van Vliet. The interactions between signal control policies and route choice[C]. Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Transportation and Traffic Theory, 1987:319-338
[13] Y. Sheffi. and W. B. Powell. Optimal signal settings over transportation networks[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol. 109, No. 6, 1983:824-839
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[19] 孙建平, 基于 Agent 的城市交通区域协调控制及优化研究[D],吉林大学博士学位论文,2004.06
[20] 杨兆升,王伟,李贻武,刘新杰,陈昕,基于信息协同的子区交通状态加权计算与判别方法[J],吉林大学学报(工学版),2007,37(03):0524-0527
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[23] 朱茵,城市交通信号控制理论与方法的研究[D],北方交通大学,2003.03
[24] 韩加蓬,房晓艳,李辉照,单点定时信号配时和通行能力的冲突点法分析[J],山东理工大学学报,2003.07:68-70
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[27] H. Matsui, A model of dynamic route choice[J], Text of infrastructure planning lectures, JS CE18:84 -96
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[30] 林松,马寿峰,张思伟,交通感应控制与诱导的递阶协调模型及其仿真[J],系统工程,2005.05:89-95
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[35] 周八益,李琰,周溪召,动态交通控制-交通分配组合模型的求解算法研究[J],交通运输系统工程与信息,2003 年 2 月:55-61
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[38] 杨兆升,李全喜,基于城市交通控制系统的动态车辆行驶路线选择的方法[J],公路交通科技,1999.03:33-36
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[2] 马寿峰,李艳君,贺国光,城市交通控制与诱导协调模式的系统分析[J],管理科学学报,2003 年 03 期:45-52
[3] 聂方,张子轩,城市交通管理控制与诱导系统的协同关系[J],道路交通与安全,2006.03:26-36
[4] 保丽霞,杨兆升,朱国华,交通信号控制与交通流诱导的多级协同运作机理分析[J],第六届全国交通运输领域青年学术会议,2005.08:697-700
[5] Allsop R.H, Some posiibilities for using traffic control to influence trip distribution and route choice[J], Proc 6th international symposium on traffic and transportation theory,1974
[6] Gartner, Nathan H,Stamatiadis. Integration of dynamic traffic assignment with real-time traffic adaptive control system[J], Transportation Research Record,1998:150-156
[7] Haitham M. Al-Deek, A Combined Traveler Behavior and System Performance Model with Advanced Traveler Information Systems[J], Transpn Res.-A, Vol. 32, No. 7, 1998:479-493
[8] 周溪召, 实时交通控制和交通分配整合的研究进展[J],上海海运学院学报,2002.09:32-38
[9] 保丽霞,基于信息集成的城市交通流诱导与交通控制协同的关键理论及技术研究[D],吉林大学博士学位论文,2006.06
[10] M.J. Smith and T.Van Vuren. Traffic equilibrium with responsive traffic control[J].Transportation Science, Vol. 27, No. 2, 1993:118-132
[11] M. J. Smith. Traffic signals in assignment[J]. Transportation Research, Vol. 19B, No.2, 1985:155-160
[12] M. J. Smith, T. Van Vuren, B. G. Heydecker and D. Van Vliet. The interactions between signal control policies and route choice[C]. Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Transportation and Traffic Theory, 1987:319-338
[13] Y. Sheffi. and W. B. Powell. Optimal signal settings over transportation networks[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering, Vol. 109, No. 6, 1983:824-839
[14] 李艳君,基于博弈论的交通控制与诱导一体化模型的研究[D],天津大学硕士学位论文,2003.01
[15] 杨兆升,保丽霞,王彦新,刘新杰,城市交通流诱导与交通控制系统协同研究综述[J],中国科技论文在线,2005.09
[16] 马寿峰,智能交通系统中控制与诱导问题的研究[D],天津大学博士学位论文,1999.06
[17] 徐岩宇,冯蔚东,贺国光,VRGS 与交通控制系统的一体化研究[J],公路交通科技,1997.09:24-28
[18] 张安训,一种博弈诱导方法及诱导与控制的时空协调模型[D], 天津大学硕士学位论文,2004.02
[19] 孙建平, 基于 Agent 的城市交通区域协调控制及优化研究[D],吉林大学博士学位论文,2004.06
[20] 杨兆升,王伟,李贻武,刘新杰,陈昕,基于信息协同的子区交通状态加权计算与判别方法[J],吉林大学学报(工学版),2007,37(03):0524-0527
[21] 李瑞敏,史其信,基于多智能体系统的城市交通控制与诱导集成化研究[J],公路交通科技,2004.05:109-112
[22] 王亮,马寿峰,李艳君,对交通控制与诱导结合研究的评述[J],系统工程,2004.02:56-62
[23] 朱茵,城市交通信号控制理论与方法的研究[D],北方交通大学,2003.03
[24] 韩加蓬,房晓艳,李辉照,单点定时信号配时和通行能力的冲突点法分析[J],山东理工大学学报,2003.07:68-70
[25] D .K .Merchant, G .L .Nemhauser, A model and a algorithms for the dynamic traffic assignment problems[J], Transportation Science 12,1978:183-199
[26] J. K. Ho, A successive linear optimization approach to the dynamic traffic assignment problem[J], Transportation Research 14:295-305
[27] H. Matsui, A model of dynamic route choice[J], Text of infrastructure planning lectures, JS CE18:84 -96
[28] D .K .Merchant, G .L .Nemhauser, A model and a algorithms for the dynamic traffic assignment problems[J], Transportation Science12, 1978:183-199
[29] 雷常青,交通控制与诱导递阶协调方法的研究[D],天津大学硕士学位论文,2004.01
[30] 林松,马寿峰,张思伟,交通感应控制与诱导的递阶协调模型及其仿真[J],系统工程,2005.05:89-95
[31] 全永燊．城市交通控制[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1989,第 1 版
[32] 殷亚峰,陆化普,动态网络交通信号配时模型研究[J],公路交通科技,1997.09:11-16
[33] 张治觉,交通分配和信号控制组合模型及算法研究[J],公路交通科技,2004 年第 1 期:56-59
[34] 王亮,马寿峰,贺国光,一种交通控制与诱导递阶协调优化模型[J],系统工程理论与实践,2004.06:126-133
[35] 周八益,李琰,周溪召,动态交通控制-交通分配组合模型的求解算法研究[J],交通运输系统工程与信息,2003 年 2 月:55-61
[36] 杨超,杨佩昆,均衡网络下交通控制策略的研究[J],中国公路学报,1999.07:90-94
[37] 葛颖恩,杨佩昆,诱导信息影响下的路径选择模型[J],同济大学学报,1998.12:659-663
[38] 杨兆升,李全喜,基于城市交通控制系统的动态车辆行驶路线选择的方法[J],公路交通科技,1999.03:33-36
[39] National Transportation Communications for Intelligent Transportation System Protocol
[40] 管德永,先进的城市交通信号控制理论模型和实施技术研究[D],吉林大学,2003,86-96
[41] Intelligent Transportation Systems Joint Program Office U.S. Department of Transportation, Developing Freeway and Incident Management Systems Using the National ITS Architecture[R], August, 1998,85-96
[42] http://blog.cnnb.com.cn/user1/142/
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