根外追施锌、硼、锰肥对兰州百合植株生长特性和鳞茎品质的影响
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摘要
兰州百合作为甘肃省的特色蔬菜之一,不但具有极高的食用价值,还有一定的药理功能和观赏价值。本试验以兰州百合为对象,在陇中黄土高原半干旱区山坡地上研究了不同浓度的锌(Zn)、硼(B)、锰(Mn)肥对兰州百合生长发育、植株抗旱性、鳞茎产量和内部品质的影响。主要研究结果如下:
1.浓度为200mg/L的Zn肥和100mg/L的B肥处理兰州百合植株茎杆粗壮,高度适中,叶片繁茂,叶面积指数相应增加了6.8%和12.7%,植株绿叶功能期延长了5～6天,有效缓解了花后期叶片的衰亡速度。浓度为300mg/L的Mn肥处理易使植株发生毒害,植株矮小细弱,叶片黄化卷缩、萎蔫,叶片数和叶绿素含量相应下降了11.44%～17.91%、6.85%～15.0%,降低了叶片的光合效率,进而影响了鳞茎产量的提高。
2. Zn、B肥处理植株的光合物质积累总量相应增加了7%～15%、10%～16.5%,鳞茎的光合物质分配比率相应地增加了0.72%～6.48%、1.79%～7.88%。Mn肥虽使植株的光合物质积累总量增加了10%～16.60%,但鳞茎的光合物质分配比率下降了0.7%～5.19%。
3. Zn、B、Mn肥处理增加了鳞茎产量,增产效果B肥17.04%>Mn肥13.01%>Zn肥7.50%。本试验在氮、磷、钾肥充足的基础上施Zn、B、Mn肥,Mn肥对兰州百合生长的促进效果比施Zn、B肥效果要差的原因可能是试验地土壤中的Mn素不缺乏。
4.在100mg/L～300mg/L浓度范围内,Zn、B、Mn肥处理兰州百合叶片内脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛含量以及过氧化氢酶活性均显著升高。浓度为200mg/L的Zn、B、Mn肥处理对兰州百合叶片各项抗旱生理生化指标含量影响比较明显,叶片脯氨酸含量增加幅度为4.81%～23.63%,可溶性糖含量增加幅度为0.90%～7.37%,MDA含量下降幅度为1.28%～9.64%,CAT活性增加幅度为0.20%～2.79%。从而有效缓解了干旱对兰州百合生长发育的抑制,提高了兰州百合对外界不良环境的适应能力。
5.在100mg/L～300mg/L浓度范围内,Zn、B、Mn肥兰州百合鳞茎内干物质含量、碳水化合物含量,粗蛋白含量,全钙、全镁养分含量均随着施肥浓度的增大而逐渐增加。综合分析,200mg/L是Zn、B、Mn肥改善鳞茎品质的最佳浓度。200mg/L的Zn、B肥处理鳞茎内部各项品质性状指标含量增加幅度在0.4%～13.73%之间变化。200mg/L的Mn肥处理鳞茎内部品质性状指标含量增加幅度在1.68%～10.46%之间变化间变化。因此,Zn、B、Mn肥对兰州百合鳞茎内部品质有显著影响,不但增加了兰州百合鳞茎内水溶性糖的总量,改善了鳞茎的食用甜度,还增加了鳞茎内全钙、全镁养分含量,提高了人类食用百合的营养价值。
The Lilium davidii var. unicolor is one of the characteristic vegetables in Gansu province, its bulb is gigantic, crude fiber is few,taste is crisp glutinous soft, sweet and delicate. Besides extremely high edible value and certain pharmacology function, Lilium davidii var. unicolor also has great appreciative value. This experiment take the lily as the research object in Hongsi village, Xiaokang ying country, Yuzhong country, designed different concentrations treatment of zinc、boron and manganese fertilizer.Biological characteristic,plant anti-drought and the yield, internal quality of bulb were conducted to determine microelement fertilizer measures of Lilium davidii var. unicolor . The main results were:
1. The concentration of 200mg/L of Zn fertilizer and 100 mg/L B fertilizer treatment made plant stem of Lilium davidii var. unicolor stout, highly accessible, leaves lush, leaf area index increased by 6.8% and 12.7% correspondingly, plant green features delayed 5～6 days, alleviated the decline rate of leaves during the latter flower effectively. The concentration of 300mg/L of Mn fertilizer treatment made the poison concentrate on the plants easily, plants small, leaves yellow and wilting, leaf numbers and chlorophyll content dropped by 11.44～17.91% and 6.85%～15.0% correspondingly, lowered the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves, and affected the bulb yield.
2. Under Zn, B fertilizer ,the accumulation of dry matter increased by 7%～15%, 10%～16.5%, the distribution ratio of bulb dry matter increased by 0.72%～6.48%, 1.79%～7.88%. Although Mn fertilizer treatment made the total accumulation increase by 10%～16.60%, but the distribution ratio of bulb dry matter dropped by 0.7%～5.19%,impacted the bulb yield and internal quality.
3. Zn, B, Mn fertilizer treatment increased the bulb yield, the yield of B fertilizer treatment increased by 17.04%> Mn fertilizer 13.01%> Zn fertilizer 7.50%. In this experiment, the bulb yield of Zn, B fertilizer treatment were higher than Mn fertilizer may be due to soil which rich in Mn element.
4. With the 100mg/L ~ 300mg/L concentration range, Zn, B, Mn fertilizer treatment made leaves proline content,soluble sugar content, MDA content and CAT activity increase significantly. The concentration of 200mg/L of Zn, B, Mn fertilizer treatment increased every anti-drought content significantly. leaves proline content increased by 4.81%～23.63%, soluble sugar content increasd by 0.90%～7.37%, MDA content dropped by1.28%～9.64%,CAT activity increasd by 0.20%～2.79%.It improved the ability to adapt to the adverse environment,and eased the danger of drought on the growth and development of Lilium davidii var. unicolor.
5. With the 100mg/L ~ 300mg/L concentration range, Zn, B, Mn fertilizer treatment increased the bulb dry matter weight,carbohydrate content, crude protein content and entire calcium, magnesium content highly. Comprehensive analysis, 200mg/L is the best concentration of Zn, B, Mn fertilizer to improve the bulb internal quality. The concentration of 200mg/L of Zn, B fertilizer treatment made every bulb internal quality increase by 0.4%～13.73% , 200mg/L of Mn fertilizer made internal quality increase by 1.68%～10.46%. Therefore,Zn, B, Mn fertilizer treatment impacted the internal quality significantly, Zn, B, Mn fertilizer treatment increased soluble sugar content and calcium, magnesium content, made the bulb sweeter, provided certain amount of nutritional value for people.
1.浓度为200mg/L的Zn肥和100mg/L的B肥处理兰州百合植株茎杆粗壮,高度适中,叶片繁茂,叶面积指数相应增加了6.8%和12.7%,植株绿叶功能期延长了5～6天,有效缓解了花后期叶片的衰亡速度。浓度为300mg/L的Mn肥处理易使植株发生毒害,植株矮小细弱,叶片黄化卷缩、萎蔫,叶片数和叶绿素含量相应下降了11.44%～17.91%、6.85%～15.0%,降低了叶片的光合效率,进而影响了鳞茎产量的提高。
2. Zn、B肥处理植株的光合物质积累总量相应增加了7%～15%、10%～16.5%,鳞茎的光合物质分配比率相应地增加了0.72%～6.48%、1.79%～7.88%。Mn肥虽使植株的光合物质积累总量增加了10%～16.60%,但鳞茎的光合物质分配比率下降了0.7%～5.19%。
3. Zn、B、Mn肥处理增加了鳞茎产量,增产效果B肥17.04%>Mn肥13.01%>Zn肥7.50%。本试验在氮、磷、钾肥充足的基础上施Zn、B、Mn肥,Mn肥对兰州百合生长的促进效果比施Zn、B肥效果要差的原因可能是试验地土壤中的Mn素不缺乏。
4.在100mg/L～300mg/L浓度范围内,Zn、B、Mn肥处理兰州百合叶片内脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛含量以及过氧化氢酶活性均显著升高。浓度为200mg/L的Zn、B、Mn肥处理对兰州百合叶片各项抗旱生理生化指标含量影响比较明显,叶片脯氨酸含量增加幅度为4.81%～23.63%,可溶性糖含量增加幅度为0.90%～7.37%,MDA含量下降幅度为1.28%～9.64%,CAT活性增加幅度为0.20%～2.79%。从而有效缓解了干旱对兰州百合生长发育的抑制,提高了兰州百合对外界不良环境的适应能力。
5.在100mg/L～300mg/L浓度范围内,Zn、B、Mn肥兰州百合鳞茎内干物质含量、碳水化合物含量,粗蛋白含量,全钙、全镁养分含量均随着施肥浓度的增大而逐渐增加。综合分析,200mg/L是Zn、B、Mn肥改善鳞茎品质的最佳浓度。200mg/L的Zn、B肥处理鳞茎内部各项品质性状指标含量增加幅度在0.4%～13.73%之间变化。200mg/L的Mn肥处理鳞茎内部品质性状指标含量增加幅度在1.68%～10.46%之间变化间变化。因此,Zn、B、Mn肥对兰州百合鳞茎内部品质有显著影响,不但增加了兰州百合鳞茎内水溶性糖的总量,改善了鳞茎的食用甜度,还增加了鳞茎内全钙、全镁养分含量,提高了人类食用百合的营养价值。
The Lilium davidii var. unicolor is one of the characteristic vegetables in Gansu province, its bulb is gigantic, crude fiber is few,taste is crisp glutinous soft, sweet and delicate. Besides extremely high edible value and certain pharmacology function, Lilium davidii var. unicolor also has great appreciative value. This experiment take the lily as the research object in Hongsi village, Xiaokang ying country, Yuzhong country, designed different concentrations treatment of zinc、boron and manganese fertilizer.Biological characteristic,plant anti-drought and the yield, internal quality of bulb were conducted to determine microelement fertilizer measures of Lilium davidii var. unicolor . The main results were:
1. The concentration of 200mg/L of Zn fertilizer and 100 mg/L B fertilizer treatment made plant stem of Lilium davidii var. unicolor stout, highly accessible, leaves lush, leaf area index increased by 6.8% and 12.7% correspondingly, plant green features delayed 5～6 days, alleviated the decline rate of leaves during the latter flower effectively. The concentration of 300mg/L of Mn fertilizer treatment made the poison concentrate on the plants easily, plants small, leaves yellow and wilting, leaf numbers and chlorophyll content dropped by 11.44～17.91% and 6.85%～15.0% correspondingly, lowered the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves, and affected the bulb yield.
2. Under Zn, B fertilizer ,the accumulation of dry matter increased by 7%～15%, 10%～16.5%, the distribution ratio of bulb dry matter increased by 0.72%～6.48%, 1.79%～7.88%. Although Mn fertilizer treatment made the total accumulation increase by 10%～16.60%, but the distribution ratio of bulb dry matter dropped by 0.7%～5.19%,impacted the bulb yield and internal quality.
3. Zn, B, Mn fertilizer treatment increased the bulb yield, the yield of B fertilizer treatment increased by 17.04%> Mn fertilizer 13.01%> Zn fertilizer 7.50%. In this experiment, the bulb yield of Zn, B fertilizer treatment were higher than Mn fertilizer may be due to soil which rich in Mn element.
4. With the 100mg/L ~ 300mg/L concentration range, Zn, B, Mn fertilizer treatment made leaves proline content,soluble sugar content, MDA content and CAT activity increase significantly. The concentration of 200mg/L of Zn, B, Mn fertilizer treatment increased every anti-drought content significantly. leaves proline content increased by 4.81%～23.63%, soluble sugar content increasd by 0.90%～7.37%, MDA content dropped by1.28%～9.64%,CAT activity increasd by 0.20%～2.79%.It improved the ability to adapt to the adverse environment,and eased the danger of drought on the growth and development of Lilium davidii var. unicolor.
5. With the 100mg/L ~ 300mg/L concentration range, Zn, B, Mn fertilizer treatment increased the bulb dry matter weight,carbohydrate content, crude protein content and entire calcium, magnesium content highly. Comprehensive analysis, 200mg/L is the best concentration of Zn, B, Mn fertilizer to improve the bulb internal quality. The concentration of 200mg/L of Zn, B fertilizer treatment made every bulb internal quality increase by 0.4%～13.73% , 200mg/L of Mn fertilizer made internal quality increase by 1.68%～10.46%. Therefore,Zn, B, Mn fertilizer treatment impacted the internal quality significantly, Zn, B, Mn fertilizer treatment increased soluble sugar content and calcium, magnesium content, made the bulb sweeter, provided certain amount of nutritional value for people.
引文
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