环境和生物体金属元素的痕量分析及形态分析研究
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摘要
痕量分析和化学形态分析是国际上现代分析化学的前沿课题，对于生态环境的研究与保护具有重要的学术意义和实用价值。痕量分析研究为锡筛选出最佳基体改进剂，硝酸锶可使锡的允许灰化温度明显提高，灵敏度和检出限分别改善45倍和51倍，显著优于文献报道值。结合扫描电镜、X-射线光电子能谱和二元合金相图研究揭示出基体改进机理和原子化机理。将基体改进及与悬浮进样有机结合为粉煤灰和环境水体痕量锡的直接测定建立了灵敏可靠的新方法。为HG-AAS常规信号和导数信号分别建立了数学模型和动力学方程，提出了直接测定环境样品中锡的导数—HGAAS分析新方法，其灵敏度较常规法提高43倍。分子吸收光谱研究也为化工废水痕量锡的分析优选出高灵敏度显色反应体系。药用植物元素的痕量分析研究首次为3种药用植物中Se，Ge，Zn，Fe，Cu，Mn等6种有益元素和6种中草药中的锰及灵芝和香菇中的Ge建立了系列高灵敏度GFAAS新方法，并探讨了元素含量与药用价值的关系。研制出超短柱GC-AAS联机技术并首次成功地用于汞和混苯类化合物的分离分析。发现了无机形态汞进入人体后可发生烷基化而产生了Me_2Hg和MeHgCl，同一人体同一形态烷基汞在血细胞、血浆和尿液中的浓度依次降低。提出了摄汞小白鼠体内以肾脏蓄积为主的无机汞的分布规律。建立了CGC—AAS联用体系并应用于锡的化学形态分析。探讨了以三苯基氯化锡为代表的有机污染物对斜生栅藻生长的影响，斜生栅藻对三苯基锡有一定的降解作用，但三苯基锡浓度超过4μg·L~(-1)，表现出其抑制作用。
Being at the forefront to the current international analytical chemistry, trace analysis and speciation analysis is important and practical to the studying and protecting environment. Sodium strontium was chose as the chemical modifier in the trace analysis of tin, which caused the highest allowable temperature enhanced obviously. The characteristic mass and detection limit was improved 45 and 51 folds. The mechanism of modification and atomization was explained with the results of scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the binary alloy phase diagram of Sn-Sr. The direct determination of trace tin in water samples in the presence of Sr was reported for the first time. The proposed new method of slurry sampling technique combined with the Sr as modifier for the determination of tin in coal ash is sensitive and simple. A mathematical model for conventional hydride generation atomic absorption signal and a kinetic equation for derivative hydride generation atomic absorption single
signal were established, respectively. The method for the direct determination of tin in mineral water and tap water was developed. The sensitivity of the proposed method was enhanced 43 times than that of the routine HG-AAS method. The highly sensitive system of Sn(FV) - cresolphthalexon(XO) - OP 10 was selected for the determination of tin by molecule absorption spectrometry. The color reaction was rapid, stable and sensitive. Six nutritional elements of Se, Ge, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn in three kinds of Chinese herbal medicines were determined for the first time. The detecting methods of Mn in six kinds of Chinese herb medicine and Ge in the Lentinula Edodes and Ganoderma Lucidum were established separately. The relation between the concentrations of trace elements
with the pharmacological effects was discussed. An interface between short column gas chromatography with atomic absorption spectrometry was prepared. The combined instruments were applied to the separation and determination of methylmercury and mixture containing benzene, toluene, xylene, and ethyl benzene. It was developed from the determination results that absorbed mercury in human body could transformed to MejHg and MeHgCl. And the concentration of methylmercry was reduced in-order of blood cell, plasma, and urine. Based on the content data in the body of small mouse, the distribution of Hg in the body was obtained. The mercury was accumulated mostly in kidney. The CGC coupled with GFAAS technique was applied to the determination of the speciation of tetramethyltin. The effect of triphenyltin on Scenedeamus Obliquus was investigated. Scenedeamus Obliquus has a degradation effect on triphenyltin, and a growth rate of Scenedeamus Obliquus was negatively related with the concentration of triphenyltin while
above 4 ug L-1.
Being at the forefront to the current international analytical chemistry, trace analysis and speciation analysis is important and practical to the studying and protecting environment. Sodium strontium was chose as the chemical modifier in the trace analysis of tin, which caused the highest allowable temperature enhanced obviously. The characteristic mass and detection limit was improved 45 and 51 folds. The mechanism of modification and atomization was explained with the results of scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the binary alloy phase diagram of Sn-Sr. The direct determination of trace tin in water samples in the presence of Sr was reported for the first time. The proposed new method of slurry sampling technique combined with the Sr as modifier for the determination of tin in coal ash is sensitive and simple. A mathematical model for conventional hydride generation atomic absorption signal and a kinetic equation for derivative hydride generation atomic absorption single
signal were established, respectively. The method for the direct determination of tin in mineral water and tap water was developed. The sensitivity of the proposed method was enhanced 43 times than that of the routine HG-AAS method. The highly sensitive system of Sn(FV) - cresolphthalexon(XO) - OP 10 was selected for the determination of tin by molecule absorption spectrometry. The color reaction was rapid, stable and sensitive. Six nutritional elements of Se, Ge, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn in three kinds of Chinese herbal medicines were determined for the first time. The detecting methods of Mn in six kinds of Chinese herb medicine and Ge in the Lentinula Edodes and Ganoderma Lucidum were established separately. The relation between the concentrations of trace elements
with the pharmacological effects was discussed. An interface between short column gas chromatography with atomic absorption spectrometry was prepared. The combined instruments were applied to the separation and determination of methylmercury and mixture containing benzene, toluene, xylene, and ethyl benzene. It was developed from the determination results that absorbed mercury in human body could transformed to MejHg and MeHgCl. And the concentration of methylmercry was reduced in-order of blood cell, plasma, and urine. Based on the content data in the body of small mouse, the distribution of Hg in the body was obtained. The mercury was accumulated mostly in kidney. The CGC coupled with GFAAS technique was applied to the determination of the speciation of tetramethyltin. The effect of triphenyltin on Scenedeamus Obliquus was investigated. Scenedeamus Obliquus has a degradation effect on triphenyltin, and a growth rate of Scenedeamus Obliquus was negatively related with the concentration of triphenyltin while
above 4 ug L-1.
引文
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