感应耦合能量传输系统关键技术的研究
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摘要
感应耦合能量传输技术是电能传输的一个崭新的研究领域,正日益受到广泛的关注。它融合了电磁耦合原理、能量变换技术、现代电力电子技术和现代控制理论,实现了能量的非接触传递,为电子设备提供了更为方便快捷的充电方式,感应耦合能量传输技术在交通、医疗、工业等其他领域有着广泛的应用前景。
本论文介绍了感应耦合能量传输技术的工作原理,分析了感应耦合能量传输关键技术,基于全桥相移拓扑建立了数学模型,并据此对电路进行了详细分析,为电路设计实验验证设计总体思路,通过对逆变器拓扑分析,系统设计采用全桥逆变器结构,通过对谐振补偿网络进行分析,推导计算各种补偿电路的输出功率、补偿电容以及等效电路阻抗,对各部分进行了仿真。
本论文根据可分离变压器特性,分析了磁路和最佳非接触变压器的磁芯结构,并对磁芯材料选择做了分析,进一步研究了绕组位置以及气隙对耦合效率的影响,从互感模型出发,对可分离变压器进行建模并进行电路计算,对各项参数对于传输效率的影响进行仿真。
本论文根据相移控制电路的工作原理,基于HIP4081设计了一种全新的半控型相移控制电路,设计使用简单逻辑门实现相移驱动信号,并对包括变压器、整流桥、功率开关管、滤波电容电感等电路元器件参数进行了设计。基于开关网络平均模型法为感应耦合能量传输系统建立小信号模型及等效电路,计算相应的传递函数,在频域进行仿真,并基于此设计补偿网络。
本论文基于对初次级补偿、变压器设计、反馈与控制方法深入研究,提出了完整电路设计方案。对电路各部分进行了仿真,验证其的可行性,根据实际电路对非接触能量传输系统的影响因素进行了分析,最后通过实际的电源设计,设计了输入48V/输出12V的实验开关电源,基本上达到设计要求。
Inductive Coupled Power Transfer (ICPT) has attracted wider and wider spread attention recently as an emerging research field. This techonoly is based on electromagnetic induction, power electronics and modern control theory. It makes contactless energy transfer become true. Besides convenient and quick charging for electronic devices, ICPT can be widely used for charging in many areas including transportation, medical, industry and so on.
This paper introduces the operation principle of ICPT and analyses the key technologies of it. Based on the mathematical model of full-bridge phase-shift topology, it analyses the circuit in detail and get a general idea for circuit design. Through the analysis of converter topology, this system use the full-bridge topology. Moreover, it analyses the resonant compensation network and derive the output power, resonant capacitor and equivalent circuit impendance to simulate some part of them.
This paper analyses the magnetic and core structure of detachable transformer according to its features, and choose the core material as well. In addition, it research the coupling efficiency for kinds of location of windings and the gap. Based on the mutual inductance model, it makes model for the detachable transformer and calculate the circuit. The paper also simulate the effect of various parameters to the transfer efficiency.
This paper designs a new phase-shift half-control circuit based on the operation principle of phase-shift control using HIP4081. In addition, it uses a simple logic gates to generate phase-shift signal. The paper designs the circuit parameters including transformer, rectifier, MOSFET, filter capacitor and inductance. Small signal model and its equivalent circuit are derived by using switching network average model method. The corresponding transfer function are derived from them. The paper then simulate the model in frequency, and designs the compensate network based on the model.
This paper proposes the whole ciucuit design based on primary and secondary compensation, detachable transformer and feedback control method. It simulate every part of the circuit to verify it. Based on the practical ciucuit, the paper analyses the effect of transfer efficiency in contactless energy transfer system. At last, make the actual switch power (48V in,12V out) design and meet the requirements basically.
本论文介绍了感应耦合能量传输技术的工作原理,分析了感应耦合能量传输关键技术,基于全桥相移拓扑建立了数学模型,并据此对电路进行了详细分析,为电路设计实验验证设计总体思路,通过对逆变器拓扑分析,系统设计采用全桥逆变器结构,通过对谐振补偿网络进行分析,推导计算各种补偿电路的输出功率、补偿电容以及等效电路阻抗,对各部分进行了仿真。
本论文根据可分离变压器特性,分析了磁路和最佳非接触变压器的磁芯结构,并对磁芯材料选择做了分析,进一步研究了绕组位置以及气隙对耦合效率的影响,从互感模型出发,对可分离变压器进行建模并进行电路计算,对各项参数对于传输效率的影响进行仿真。
本论文根据相移控制电路的工作原理,基于HIP4081设计了一种全新的半控型相移控制电路,设计使用简单逻辑门实现相移驱动信号,并对包括变压器、整流桥、功率开关管、滤波电容电感等电路元器件参数进行了设计。基于开关网络平均模型法为感应耦合能量传输系统建立小信号模型及等效电路,计算相应的传递函数,在频域进行仿真,并基于此设计补偿网络。
本论文基于对初次级补偿、变压器设计、反馈与控制方法深入研究,提出了完整电路设计方案。对电路各部分进行了仿真,验证其的可行性,根据实际电路对非接触能量传输系统的影响因素进行了分析,最后通过实际的电源设计,设计了输入48V/输出12V的实验开关电源,基本上达到设计要求。
Inductive Coupled Power Transfer (ICPT) has attracted wider and wider spread attention recently as an emerging research field. This techonoly is based on electromagnetic induction, power electronics and modern control theory. It makes contactless energy transfer become true. Besides convenient and quick charging for electronic devices, ICPT can be widely used for charging in many areas including transportation, medical, industry and so on.
This paper introduces the operation principle of ICPT and analyses the key technologies of it. Based on the mathematical model of full-bridge phase-shift topology, it analyses the circuit in detail and get a general idea for circuit design. Through the analysis of converter topology, this system use the full-bridge topology. Moreover, it analyses the resonant compensation network and derive the output power, resonant capacitor and equivalent circuit impendance to simulate some part of them.
This paper analyses the magnetic and core structure of detachable transformer according to its features, and choose the core material as well. In addition, it research the coupling efficiency for kinds of location of windings and the gap. Based on the mutual inductance model, it makes model for the detachable transformer and calculate the circuit. The paper also simulate the effect of various parameters to the transfer efficiency.
This paper designs a new phase-shift half-control circuit based on the operation principle of phase-shift control using HIP4081. In addition, it uses a simple logic gates to generate phase-shift signal. The paper designs the circuit parameters including transformer, rectifier, MOSFET, filter capacitor and inductance. Small signal model and its equivalent circuit are derived by using switching network average model method. The corresponding transfer function are derived from them. The paper then simulate the model in frequency, and designs the compensate network based on the model.
This paper proposes the whole ciucuit design based on primary and secondary compensation, detachable transformer and feedback control method. It simulate every part of the circuit to verify it. Based on the practical ciucuit, the paper analyses the effect of transfer efficiency in contactless energy transfer system. At last, make the actual switch power (48V in,12V out) design and meet the requirements basically.
引文
[1]武瑛,严陆光,徐善纲.新型无接触能量传输系统[J].变压器,2003-6,(6),Vo1.40：1-6
[2]Aristeidis Karalis, J.D Joannopoulos, Marin Soljacic'. Efficient wireless non-radiative mid-range energy transfer[J]. Annals of Physics,2008, (323):34-48
[3]Andre Kurs, Aristeidis Karalis, Robert Moffatt. Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances[J]. Science,2007, (317):83-86
[4]野泽哲生,蓬田宏树.伟大的电能无线传输技术[N].日经电子,2007-6:42-54
[5]Juan Luis Villa, Jesus Sallan, Andres Llombart. Design of a high frequency Inductively Coupled Power Transfer system for electric vehicle battery charge[J]. Applied Energy,2009(86):355-363
[6]Marco Baua, Vittorio Ferrari, Daniele Mariolia. Contactless electromagnetic excitation of resonant sensors made of conductive miniaturized structures [J]. Sensors and Actuators A,2008, (148):44-50
[7]Youn-Myoung Gimm, Ho-Sang Yo, Mi-Ja Kim. Receiving Coil Analysis of Wireless Power Transmission with Inductive Coupling[R]. Korea-Japan Microwave Conference,2007:117-120
[8]李宏.感应电能传输----电力电子及电气自动化的新领域[J].电气传动.2001,(2)：62-64
[9]刘志宇,都东,齐国光.感应充电技术的发展与应用[J].电力电子技术.2004,(38)：92-94
[10]Chang-Gyun Kim, Dong-Hyun Seo, Jung-Sik You. Design of a Contactless Battery Charger for Cellular Phone[J]. IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications. Vol. 48, NO.6, December 2001:1238-1247
[11]Hideki Ayano, Hiroshi Nagase. A Highly Efficient Contactless Electrical Energy Transmission System[C]. Electrical Engineering in Japan, Vol.148, NO.1,2004:66-74
[12]Hisaichi Irie, Tomohiro Yabuuchi, High-Frequency Constant-Current Power Supply in Noncontact Energy Transfer System Using Immittance Converter[C]. Electrical Engineering in Japan, Vol.158, No.3,2007:81-89
[13]Hisaichi Irie, Nobuyuki Minami, Noncontact Energy Transfer System Using Immittance Converter[C]. Electrical Engineering in Japan, Vol.136, No.4,2001:58-64
[14]李定宣.开关稳定电源设计与应用[M].北京：中国电力出版社.2006
[15]苏建仓,王利民.串联谐振充电电源分析及设计[J].强激光与粒子束.2004,(16)：1611-1614
[16]王平楠.松耦合反激式电能传输电路的设计研究[J].安徽大学学报.2007,(31)：59-61
[17]Kohei Onizukal, Makoto Takamiyal. A design methodology of chip-to-chip wireless power transmission system[R]. IEEE International Conference.2007:1-4
[18]杨民生,王耀南,欧阳红林.无接触电能传输系统的补偿及性能分析[J].电力自动化设备.2008,(28):15-18
[19]毛赛君,王慧贞.非接触感应电能传输系统可分离变压器特性分析[J].电子变压器.2006-3：37-39
[20]张峰,王慧贞.非接触感应电能传输系统中松耦合变压器的研究[J].电源技术应用.2007-4,Vol.10,No.4:54-64
[21]Zhu Xi, Zhang Xiaodong. Wireless Charging System Based on Switched Beam Smart Antenna Technique [J]. IEEE International Symposium on Microwave, 2007:486-489
[22]Xiuquan Liu, Ping Huang. Study on Techniques of Outside Energy Supply for the Wireless Capsule Endoscope[R]. IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation[J].2007-3:203-206
[23]Ron Lenk. Practical Design of Power Supplies[M].北京：人民邮电出版社. 2006
[24]Jianbo Gao, Traveling Magnetic Field for Homogeneous Wireless Power Transmission[J]. IEEE Transactions On Power Delivery, Vol.22, NO.1, January 2007:507-514
[25]关学忠,孙胜勇.非接触式感应能量传输系统的分析与设计[J].电源技术与 应用.2008,(2)：63-65
[26]马官营,颜国正.基于电磁感应的消化道内微系统无线能量传输问题研究[J].生物医学工程学杂志.2008-2,Vol.25,No.1:61-64
[27]何秀,颜国正.互感系数的影响因素及其对无线能量传输系统效率的影响[J].测控技术.2007,(26):57-60
[28]HUA, Cx C., LEU, C. S. and LEE, F. C. Novel zero-voltage-transition PWM converter[J], IEEE Transactions,1994, (9), pp:213-219
[29]David M. Van de Sype, Alex P. M, Jehudi Maes, and Jan A. Melkebeek Gate-Drive Circuit for Zero-Voltage-Switching Half and Full-Bridge Converters[J], IEEE Transaction on industrial Electronics,2002, Vol.38, No.5,pp:1380-1388
[30]丁志刚,胡育文.ZVSDC/DC全桥变换器的研究[J].电力电子技术,2003,(6)
[31]David J.Hamo. A 50W 500kHz Full-bridge Phase-shift ZVS Isolated DC to DC Converter Using HIP4081[J]. Harris Semiconductor,2005-3:1-16
[32]朱俊林,刘细平,许伦辉.基于UC3842的电流控制型脉宽调制开关稳压电源的研究[J].现代电子技术,2003,(9):23-25
[33]谢军贤.机载计算机开关电源高频变压器的设计[J].电源世界.2000,(3):40-42
[34]Hideki Abe, Hiroshi Sakamoto. A Novel Method of Output Voltage Stabilization with Respect to Load Current Variation in Noncontact Energy Transfer[C]. Electrical Engineering in Japan, Vol.151, No.2,2005:63-74
[35]张卫平.开关变换器的建模与控制[M].北京：中国电力出版社.2005-8
[36]S.W. Ng., S.C. Wong, Y.S.Lee. Small Signal Simulation Of Switching Converters[J]. IEEE Transactions On Circuit And System.1999.46(6), pp:731-739
[37]Sanders S.R., Verghese G.C. Synthesis Of Averaged Circuit Models For Switched Power Converters[R]. IEEE International Symposium on 1-3May 1990 vol.1, pp:679-683
[38]Noworolski J.M.,Sanders S.R. Generalized in-plane Circuit Averaging[R]. APEC '91. Conference Proceedings,1991, Sixth Annual 10-15March 1991:445-451
[39]张森,张正亮.MATLAB仿真技术与实例应用教程[M].北京：机械工业出 版社.2004.1
[40]王其岗,荣焱.开关电源稳定性设计[J].电源技术应用.2008,(11):1-5
[41]Steven M.Sandler. Switchmode Power Supply Simulation with PSpice and SPICE3[M].北京：人民邮电出版社.2007
[42]李永平,董欣.PSpice电路原理与实现[M].北京：国防工业出版社.2004.10
[43]Ada S. Y. Poon, Stephen O'Driscoll. Optimal Operating Frequency in Wireless Power Transmission for Implantable Devices[R].29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS.2007-8:5673-5678
[44]周雯琪.感应耦合电能传输系统的特性与设计研究[D].浙江大学.2008-6
[45]欧阳红林,杨民生.非接触式移动电源技术研究[J].湖南大学学报.2006,(33)：55-59
[46]Travis Deyle, Matt Reynolds. Surface Based Wireless Power Transmission and Bidirectional Communication for Autonomous Robot Swarms[R]. IEEE International Conference.2008-3:1036-1041
[47]张伟.ZVS移相全桥DC/DC变换器的设计与研究[D].华中科技大学.2007-2
[48]Ugur Ortabasi, Herbert Friedman. Powersphere:A Photovoltaic Cavity Converter For Wireless Power Transmission Using High Power Lasers[R]. IEEE International Conference.2006:126-129
[49]Yat-Hei Lam, Wing-Hung Ki. Integrated Low-Loss CMOS Active Rectifier for Wirelessly Powered Devices[J]. IEEE Transactions On Circuits And Systems, Vol.53, NO.12, December 2006:1378-1382
[50]周雯琪,马皓,何湘宁.基于动态方程的电流源感应耦合电能传输电路的频率分析[J].中国电机工程学报.2008,(28):119-124
[51]赵彪,冷志伟,吕良,陈希有.小型非接触式电能传输系统的设计与实现[J].电力电子技术.2009,(43):49-51
[52]陈小龙.一种软开关电源的设计和研究[J].开关电源技术.2006-3:5-7
[2]Aristeidis Karalis, J.D Joannopoulos, Marin Soljacic'. Efficient wireless non-radiative mid-range energy transfer[J]. Annals of Physics,2008, (323):34-48
[3]Andre Kurs, Aristeidis Karalis, Robert Moffatt. Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances[J]. Science,2007, (317):83-86
[4]野泽哲生,蓬田宏树.伟大的电能无线传输技术[N].日经电子,2007-6:42-54
[5]Juan Luis Villa, Jesus Sallan, Andres Llombart. Design of a high frequency Inductively Coupled Power Transfer system for electric vehicle battery charge[J]. Applied Energy,2009(86):355-363
[6]Marco Baua, Vittorio Ferrari, Daniele Mariolia. Contactless electromagnetic excitation of resonant sensors made of conductive miniaturized structures [J]. Sensors and Actuators A,2008, (148):44-50
[7]Youn-Myoung Gimm, Ho-Sang Yo, Mi-Ja Kim. Receiving Coil Analysis of Wireless Power Transmission with Inductive Coupling[R]. Korea-Japan Microwave Conference,2007:117-120
[8]李宏.感应电能传输----电力电子及电气自动化的新领域[J].电气传动.2001,(2)：62-64
[9]刘志宇,都东,齐国光.感应充电技术的发展与应用[J].电力电子技术.2004,(38)：92-94
[10]Chang-Gyun Kim, Dong-Hyun Seo, Jung-Sik You. Design of a Contactless Battery Charger for Cellular Phone[J]. IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications. Vol. 48, NO.6, December 2001:1238-1247
[11]Hideki Ayano, Hiroshi Nagase. A Highly Efficient Contactless Electrical Energy Transmission System[C]. Electrical Engineering in Japan, Vol.148, NO.1,2004:66-74
[12]Hisaichi Irie, Tomohiro Yabuuchi, High-Frequency Constant-Current Power Supply in Noncontact Energy Transfer System Using Immittance Converter[C]. Electrical Engineering in Japan, Vol.158, No.3,2007:81-89
[13]Hisaichi Irie, Nobuyuki Minami, Noncontact Energy Transfer System Using Immittance Converter[C]. Electrical Engineering in Japan, Vol.136, No.4,2001:58-64
[14]李定宣.开关稳定电源设计与应用[M].北京：中国电力出版社.2006
[15]苏建仓,王利民.串联谐振充电电源分析及设计[J].强激光与粒子束.2004,(16)：1611-1614
[16]王平楠.松耦合反激式电能传输电路的设计研究[J].安徽大学学报.2007,(31)：59-61
[17]Kohei Onizukal, Makoto Takamiyal. A design methodology of chip-to-chip wireless power transmission system[R]. IEEE International Conference.2007:1-4
[18]杨民生,王耀南,欧阳红林.无接触电能传输系统的补偿及性能分析[J].电力自动化设备.2008,(28):15-18
[19]毛赛君,王慧贞.非接触感应电能传输系统可分离变压器特性分析[J].电子变压器.2006-3：37-39
[20]张峰,王慧贞.非接触感应电能传输系统中松耦合变压器的研究[J].电源技术应用.2007-4,Vol.10,No.4:54-64
[21]Zhu Xi, Zhang Xiaodong. Wireless Charging System Based on Switched Beam Smart Antenna Technique [J]. IEEE International Symposium on Microwave, 2007:486-489
[22]Xiuquan Liu, Ping Huang. Study on Techniques of Outside Energy Supply for the Wireless Capsule Endoscope[R]. IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation[J].2007-3:203-206
[23]Ron Lenk. Practical Design of Power Supplies[M].北京：人民邮电出版社. 2006
[24]Jianbo Gao, Traveling Magnetic Field for Homogeneous Wireless Power Transmission[J]. IEEE Transactions On Power Delivery, Vol.22, NO.1, January 2007:507-514
[25]关学忠,孙胜勇.非接触式感应能量传输系统的分析与设计[J].电源技术与 应用.2008,(2)：63-65
[26]马官营,颜国正.基于电磁感应的消化道内微系统无线能量传输问题研究[J].生物医学工程学杂志.2008-2,Vol.25,No.1:61-64
[27]何秀,颜国正.互感系数的影响因素及其对无线能量传输系统效率的影响[J].测控技术.2007,(26):57-60
[28]HUA, Cx C., LEU, C. S. and LEE, F. C. Novel zero-voltage-transition PWM converter[J], IEEE Transactions,1994, (9), pp:213-219
[29]David M. Van de Sype, Alex P. M, Jehudi Maes, and Jan A. Melkebeek Gate-Drive Circuit for Zero-Voltage-Switching Half and Full-Bridge Converters[J], IEEE Transaction on industrial Electronics,2002, Vol.38, No.5,pp:1380-1388
[30]丁志刚,胡育文.ZVSDC/DC全桥变换器的研究[J].电力电子技术,2003,(6)
[31]David J.Hamo. A 50W 500kHz Full-bridge Phase-shift ZVS Isolated DC to DC Converter Using HIP4081[J]. Harris Semiconductor,2005-3:1-16
[32]朱俊林,刘细平,许伦辉.基于UC3842的电流控制型脉宽调制开关稳压电源的研究[J].现代电子技术,2003,(9):23-25
[33]谢军贤.机载计算机开关电源高频变压器的设计[J].电源世界.2000,(3):40-42
[34]Hideki Abe, Hiroshi Sakamoto. A Novel Method of Output Voltage Stabilization with Respect to Load Current Variation in Noncontact Energy Transfer[C]. Electrical Engineering in Japan, Vol.151, No.2,2005:63-74
[35]张卫平.开关变换器的建模与控制[M].北京：中国电力出版社.2005-8
[36]S.W. Ng., S.C. Wong, Y.S.Lee. Small Signal Simulation Of Switching Converters[J]. IEEE Transactions On Circuit And System.1999.46(6), pp:731-739
[37]Sanders S.R., Verghese G.C. Synthesis Of Averaged Circuit Models For Switched Power Converters[R]. IEEE International Symposium on 1-3May 1990 vol.1, pp:679-683
[38]Noworolski J.M.,Sanders S.R. Generalized in-plane Circuit Averaging[R]. APEC '91. Conference Proceedings,1991, Sixth Annual 10-15March 1991:445-451
[39]张森,张正亮.MATLAB仿真技术与实例应用教程[M].北京：机械工业出 版社.2004.1
[40]王其岗,荣焱.开关电源稳定性设计[J].电源技术应用.2008,(11):1-5
[41]Steven M.Sandler. Switchmode Power Supply Simulation with PSpice and SPICE3[M].北京：人民邮电出版社.2007
[42]李永平,董欣.PSpice电路原理与实现[M].北京：国防工业出版社.2004.10
[43]Ada S. Y. Poon, Stephen O'Driscoll. Optimal Operating Frequency in Wireless Power Transmission for Implantable Devices[R].29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS.2007-8:5673-5678
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[45]欧阳红林,杨民生.非接触式移动电源技术研究[J].湖南大学学报.2006,(33)：55-59
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