受动压影响的顶板巷道底鼓机理与控制技术研究
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摘要
长期以来,国内外许多专家学者对煤矿巷道底鼓机理和控制技术作了大量的研究工作,取得了一批重要的研究成果,提出了许多底鼓控制实用技术。但由于巷道围岩性质、应力环境及地质环境的复杂性,现有的理论不能全部解决底鼓机理认识上的问题,现有的技术也难以从根本上控制底鼓。随着开采技术的不断进步及开采深度的增加,底鼓问题也变得更加突出,因此,继续开展软岩巷道底鼓的研究工作仍然具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。
本文建立了动压巷道底鼓的力学模型,得到了岩性较差或者较为破碎的围岩以及宽度较大的巷道受动压的影响非常大的结论。结合卧龙湖煤矿南翼大巷组的工程实际,通过对巷道围岩的岩石成分及松动圈进行了的测试和分析,得知岩石具有弱膨胀性,而南翼巷道属于特大松动圈围岩巷道；利用FLAC2D软件模拟了工作面采动对南翼巷道的影响,模拟结果表明,保护煤柱必须留设100-120米以上,巷道才能免受采动的影响；综合巷道围岩特性及数值模拟结论,揭示了卧龙湖煤矿南翼大巷底鼓发生的主要原因,确定了巷道底鼓的类型属于挤压流动型底鼓+遇水膨胀型底鼓。
在研究巷道的受力特征,并结合南翼大巷组的底鼓机理情况下,提出了“围岩应力转移原理+二次锚网喷增强新技术+锚注增强普通技术”的支护设计原理。同时,由于现有注浆理论知识远远滞后于工程实践,又利用UDEC软件模拟了巷道锚注时浆液的扩散特征,为锚注增强普通技术的设计提供了依据。
最后,根据前述的工作,提出了南翼大巷组的修复加固方案。工业性试验结果表明,修复初期,巷道支护状况良好,并分析了后期变形剧烈的原因。论文研究成果对控制同类巷道底鼓具有一定的参考价值。
For a long time, many experts and scholars at home and abroad did a lot of research work about mine floor heave mechanism and control technology, gained a lot of important research results, put forward a number of heave control practical technology. However, because of complexity of the nature of the surrounding rock,the stress environment and the the geological environment, the current theory cannot be completely solve the problem of understanding the heave mechanism, the existing technology is difficult to control floor heave fundamentally. With the continuous advancement of mining technology and the increase of mining depth, the problem of heave has become more prominent. Therefore, continue to conduct research work of floor heave of soft rock tunnel still has important theoretical significance and application value.
In this paper, mechanical calculation model of floor heave under the influence of mining is established, the conclusion is which the influence of mining for roadway is very big when surrounding rock is broken up or lithology is poor; based on the engineering practice of south sing roadways in Wolonghu coal mine, the rock components and broken rock zone of the surrounding rock is tested and analyzed, we can know that the rock is weak expansile, and south sing roadways belong to the roadway of which broken rock zone is especially big. The impact of mining for roadways is simulated by use of FLAC2D software, the simulation results show that: the protection pillar must remain located 100 to 120 meters above, roadway can escape the mining effects. Integrated with the surrounding rock characteristics and numerical simulation conclusion, the main reasons of floor heave is revealed, the type of floor heave belongs to squeezing flow type and expanded type floor heave.
Studing the force features of the roadway, combined with the floor heave mechanism of south sing roadways, the supporting design principle is put forward, which is surrounding rock stress transfer principle、new enhancement technology which is twice support being the bolting with wire mesh and shotcrete and ordinary enhancement technology of bolt-grouting. At the same time, because of the existing grouting theory far behind the engineering practice, the diffusion characteristics of slurry is simulated by use of UDEC software in bolt-grouting roadway, providing the basis for design of ordinary enhancement technology of bolt-grouting.
Finally, according to the aforementioned work, roadway repair reinforcement of of south sing roadways is proposed.Industrial test results show that the roadway is in good condition in early stage of repir, in addition, the reasons of violent deformation in later stage is analyzed. The research results a certain reference value to control floor heave for similar roadwav.
本文建立了动压巷道底鼓的力学模型,得到了岩性较差或者较为破碎的围岩以及宽度较大的巷道受动压的影响非常大的结论。结合卧龙湖煤矿南翼大巷组的工程实际,通过对巷道围岩的岩石成分及松动圈进行了的测试和分析,得知岩石具有弱膨胀性,而南翼巷道属于特大松动圈围岩巷道；利用FLAC2D软件模拟了工作面采动对南翼巷道的影响,模拟结果表明,保护煤柱必须留设100-120米以上,巷道才能免受采动的影响；综合巷道围岩特性及数值模拟结论,揭示了卧龙湖煤矿南翼大巷底鼓发生的主要原因,确定了巷道底鼓的类型属于挤压流动型底鼓+遇水膨胀型底鼓。
在研究巷道的受力特征,并结合南翼大巷组的底鼓机理情况下,提出了“围岩应力转移原理+二次锚网喷增强新技术+锚注增强普通技术”的支护设计原理。同时,由于现有注浆理论知识远远滞后于工程实践,又利用UDEC软件模拟了巷道锚注时浆液的扩散特征,为锚注增强普通技术的设计提供了依据。
最后,根据前述的工作,提出了南翼大巷组的修复加固方案。工业性试验结果表明,修复初期,巷道支护状况良好,并分析了后期变形剧烈的原因。论文研究成果对控制同类巷道底鼓具有一定的参考价值。
For a long time, many experts and scholars at home and abroad did a lot of research work about mine floor heave mechanism and control technology, gained a lot of important research results, put forward a number of heave control practical technology. However, because of complexity of the nature of the surrounding rock,the stress environment and the the geological environment, the current theory cannot be completely solve the problem of understanding the heave mechanism, the existing technology is difficult to control floor heave fundamentally. With the continuous advancement of mining technology and the increase of mining depth, the problem of heave has become more prominent. Therefore, continue to conduct research work of floor heave of soft rock tunnel still has important theoretical significance and application value.
In this paper, mechanical calculation model of floor heave under the influence of mining is established, the conclusion is which the influence of mining for roadway is very big when surrounding rock is broken up or lithology is poor; based on the engineering practice of south sing roadways in Wolonghu coal mine, the rock components and broken rock zone of the surrounding rock is tested and analyzed, we can know that the rock is weak expansile, and south sing roadways belong to the roadway of which broken rock zone is especially big. The impact of mining for roadways is simulated by use of FLAC2D software, the simulation results show that: the protection pillar must remain located 100 to 120 meters above, roadway can escape the mining effects. Integrated with the surrounding rock characteristics and numerical simulation conclusion, the main reasons of floor heave is revealed, the type of floor heave belongs to squeezing flow type and expanded type floor heave.
Studing the force features of the roadway, combined with the floor heave mechanism of south sing roadways, the supporting design principle is put forward, which is surrounding rock stress transfer principle、new enhancement technology which is twice support being the bolting with wire mesh and shotcrete and ordinary enhancement technology of bolt-grouting. At the same time, because of the existing grouting theory far behind the engineering practice, the diffusion characteristics of slurry is simulated by use of UDEC software in bolt-grouting roadway, providing the basis for design of ordinary enhancement technology of bolt-grouting.
Finally, according to the aforementioned work, roadway repair reinforcement of of south sing roadways is proposed.Industrial test results show that the roadway is in good condition in early stage of repir, in addition, the reasons of violent deformation in later stage is analyzed. The research results a certain reference value to control floor heave for similar roadwav.
引文
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[4]李开学,王宏图,刘正海.巷道底鼓理论与防治技术[J].矿业安全与环保,2008,35(3)：86-88
[5]姜耀尔.巷道底鼓机理及控制方法的研究[D].中国矿业大学,1993
[6]M.п.兹包尔什奇克.巷道底板岩层突然隆起及其防治措施[M].吉林煤炭科技,1981.4：67-70
[7]г.г.利持维斯基.准备巷道底鼓机理[M].井巷地压与支护,1987.2：41-44
[8]и.л.切尔尼亚克.巷道底鼓的预防[M].煤炭科研参考资料,1980(63)
[9]奥顿哥特M.巷道底鼓的防治[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1985.
[10]Cristescu N. Plasticity of Compressible/Dilatant Rocklike Materials. Int.J.EngngSci., 1985,23(10),1091-1100
[11]K.Haramy. Floor heave analysis in a deep coal mine. Proc.of the 27th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Alabama,1986,520-525
[12]Afrouz A. Geotechnical Assessment of the Bearing Capacity of Coal Mine Floors. International Journal of Minging and Geological Engineering,1988,(6),520-525
[13]Y.P.Chugh. Analysis of Soft Floor Interaction in Underground Minging at an Illinois Basin Coal Mine. Design and Performance of Underground Excavations, ISRM/BGS, Cambridge, 1984,383-390
[14]康红普.软岩巷道和硐室的底鼓机理及卸压技术的研究[D].中国矿业大学,1991
[15]康红普.软岩巷道底臌的机理及防治[M].煤炭工业出版社,1993.6
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