富马海松酸改性水性聚氨酯的制备和性能研究
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摘要
采用碱化成盐法提纯改性松香多元酸-富马海松酸,得到高纯度产品,利用加成、酯化及加成聚合等化学反应将松香衍生物-富马海松酸引入到水性聚氨酯分子的主链结构中,利用其特有的三环菲骨架结构,提高产品的硬度、光泽、耐热性等性能;采用乳液聚合技术,将富马海松酸改性水性聚氨酯与丙烯酸酯、环氧树脂等材料进行复合,进而将松香衍生物、聚氨酯、丙烯酸酯及环氧树脂的优点有机结合,得到综合性能优良的富马海松酸复合改性水性聚氨酯,结果表明:富马海松酸上稠合多脂环结构的引入,增加了水性聚氨酯材料的抗水性能、硬度以及抗热性能,在一定程度上解决了普通水性聚氨酯材料存在的抗水性和抗热性不足等缺陷。
以富马酸和松香为原料制备富马海松酸,分别考察了富马酸加入量、反应温度及反应时间的影响,并使用钾盐法对制备的富马海松酸进行纯化。研究结果表明,较适宜的反应条件是富马酸加入量为松香总质量的30%,反应温度210℃,反应时间3 h,在此条件下制备的富马松香经钾盐法纯化得到的富马海松酸纯度为95.1%,得率为93.8%,并利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、氢核磁(1HNMR)及质谱(MS)对其结构进行了验证。
以富马海松酸为原料,制备富马海松酸聚酯多元醇(FAPP),分别考察了二元醇种类、催化剂种类和用量、反应温度、常压反应时间、减压反应时间、醇酸物质的量比等因素对FAPP性能的影响,并进行了红外光谱、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)表征。结果表明采用0.10 wt%的氧化锌为催化剂、反应温度为220℃、常压反应时间为4 h、减压反应时间为3 h、醇酸物质的量比(二甘醇:富马海松酸)为1.20的反应条件下制得的FAPP制备水性聚氨酯(WPU),可提高其拉伸强度、硬度和耐水性。
以FAPP、聚醚N-210及甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)为原料,合成了富马海松酸改性水性聚氨酯(FWPU),分别研究了亲水扩链剂二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)的加入量、NCO/OH摩尔比值(R值)及FAPP加入量对富马海松酸改性水性聚氨酯乳液及漆膜性能的影响,并对所得产品进行了红外光谱、镜面光泽、摆杆硬度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、附着力、吸水率等表征。当DMPA加入量为5%、R值为1.3、FAPP的加入量为35%时,FWPU的综合性能优良。同时对FWPU的抗菌性能进行了测定,测试结果表明制备的FWPU对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌都具有很好的抑菌性。
采用核-壳聚合法制备了丙烯酸酯复合富马海松酸改性水性聚氨酯(FWPUA)乳液,通过红外、透射电镜、差示扫描量热法对乳液的形态及结构进行了表征;研究了聚合温度、引发剂种类及用量、丙烯酸酯加入量对乳液及涂膜性能的影响。结果表明:制备的FWPUA复合乳液粒子具有核-壳结构,当采用甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)用量为30wt%,聚合温度在80-85℃,使用油溶性引发剂偶氮二异丁腈,用量为0.8wt%时,可得到性能较佳的乳液,制得的FWPUA涂膜耐水性、稳定性、力学性能及耐化学溶剂性有明显提高。
以FAPP、聚醚N-210及TDI和环氧树脂(EP)为原料,合成了EP复合富马海松酸改性水性聚氨酯(FWPU/EP)乳液。试验结果表明:加入EP后,WPU分散体粒径增大,粒径分布变宽;FT-IR分析验证了EP中的羟基和环氧基参与了反应,并且生成了EP改性WPU;随着EP用量的增加,胶膜的硬度、耐水性及力学性能增强,但乳液外观和稳定性变差,故EP用量为3.0wt%较适宜;当DMPA用量为6.0wt%时,乳液呈微透明状,储存稳定性较好。
以自制的富马海松酸改性水性聚氨酯及纳米氧化锌(ZnO)为原料制备了富马海松酸改性水性聚氨酯/纳米ZnO(FWPU/ZnO)复合材料。X射线衍射(XRD)和FT-IR研究结果表明,FWPU/ZnO复合材料中的氨酯羰基氢键化程度和硬段的有序化程度较纯FWPU高,而且FWPU/ZnO纳米复合材料中PU软硬段间有一定的相混合程度。TEM照片显示,ZnO纳米尺寸较均匀地分散在PU体系中。同时测试结果表明,少量纳米ZnO粒子的加入对PU有很好的增强和增韧效果,且具有一定的抗菌性和抗紫外性能。
The modified rosin acid- Fumaropimaric acid (FPA) was obtained by alkalify acidification-salt precipitation in combination with re-crystallization method. FPA structure was introduced to the main chain of Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) using addition, esterification and chemical additive polymerization reaction, which can improve hardness, burnish, and heat resistant properties of WPU. Modified WPU with improved comprehensive properties was prepared by emulsion polymerization technology, through a combination of the advantages of WPU, FPA, epoxy resin and acrylates composite materials. It was showed that the gloss, hardness, heat resistance and water resistance of WPU could be increased by addition of FPA structure.
FPA was synthesized from rosin and fumaric acid as raw materials. Effects of amount of fumaric acid, temperature, and reaction time on the Diels-Alder addition were investigated, and meanwhile fumaropimaric acid was purified by potassium-salt method. Experimental results showed that the optimum conditions were the amount of fumaric acid 30 wt% of the total mass of rosin, temperature at 210℃, reaction time for 3 h. Fumaropimaric acid was purified to 95.1%, and the yield was 93.8% by salting-out method under the above conditions. The structure of FPA was characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR and MS.
Fumaropimaric acid polyester polyol (FAPP) was prepared from renewable resource fumaropimaric acid. Diol species, kinds and amounts of catalysts, temperature, reaction time under atmospheric pressure and reduced pressure, and molar ratio of diol to acid on properties of FAPP were investigated. Properties of the product were characterized by FI-IR spectra,and the gel permeation chromatograph (GPC). WPU with excellent comprehensive properties was obtained when FAPP was partly added, which was prepared on the conditions of 0.10 wt% ZnO as catalyst, temperature at 220℃, reaction time of atmospheric pressure for 4 h and reduced pressure for 3 h, and molar ratio of diol to acid 1.20, respectively.
FPA-based waterborne polyurethanes (FWPU) was prepared from fumaropimaric acid polyester polyol (FAPP) synthesised. Emulsions of the prepared FWPU were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dried films of the emulsions were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Other properties including water absorption, tensile strength, elongation at break and antibacterial activity of the RWPU were also determined. The results suggest that FWPU prepared with 35 wt% of FAPP has good potential for applications, with improved mechanical property, thermal stability and water resistance. The RWPU showed excellent antimicrobial properties in killing both Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus.
The acrylate modified FWPU (FWPUA) emulsion was prepared through core-shell polymerization processes. The morphology and properties of the emulsion and film were characterized by FT-IR, TEM, TGA and DSC. The results showed that the FWPUA emulsion was the core-shell composite. The propertiesof the emulsion such as water resistance, thermal stability and mechanical properties of FWPUA were improved on the condition of polymerization temperature at 80-85℃, 0.8wt% content of oil soluble initiator azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), and 30wt% content of methyl methacrylate (MMA).
FWPU emulsion modified by epoxy resin (EP) was synthesized. The properties of the emulsion and film were characterized by FT-IR, TEM, TGA and DSC. It was verified by FT-IR analysis that the hydroxyl and epoxy groups in EP participated in reaction. The hardness, water resistance and mechanics performances of films were improved with increase of EP content, but appearance and stability of emulsion were decreased. The FWPU/EP emulsion with better properties was obtained on the condition of EP content 3.0wt% and DMPA 6.0wt%, respectively.
A series of FWPU/ZnO nanocomposites were prepared by FWPU and nano ZnO. The morphologies structures and mechanical properties of these nanoeomposites were studied through XRD, TEM and FT-IR etc. The results showed that ZnO nanoparticles uniformly disperse in the FWPU matrix at nanometer level. For the FWPU/ZnO nanocomposites,the mixing degree between the soft and hard phases in the PU is improved. The ordered structures of the hard phases in the FWPU are enhanced due to the higher hydrogen bonding degree of the urethane groups in the FWPU. In addition,the stiffness and toughness, antimicrobial properties and anti-ultraviolet effect of the PU matrix are improved appreciably by adding a small amount of the ZnO nanoparticles into the FWPU matrix.
以富马酸和松香为原料制备富马海松酸,分别考察了富马酸加入量、反应温度及反应时间的影响,并使用钾盐法对制备的富马海松酸进行纯化。研究结果表明,较适宜的反应条件是富马酸加入量为松香总质量的30%,反应温度210℃,反应时间3 h,在此条件下制备的富马松香经钾盐法纯化得到的富马海松酸纯度为95.1%,得率为93.8%,并利用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、氢核磁(1HNMR)及质谱(MS)对其结构进行了验证。
以富马海松酸为原料,制备富马海松酸聚酯多元醇(FAPP),分别考察了二元醇种类、催化剂种类和用量、反应温度、常压反应时间、减压反应时间、醇酸物质的量比等因素对FAPP性能的影响,并进行了红外光谱、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)表征。结果表明采用0.10 wt%的氧化锌为催化剂、反应温度为220℃、常压反应时间为4 h、减压反应时间为3 h、醇酸物质的量比(二甘醇:富马海松酸)为1.20的反应条件下制得的FAPP制备水性聚氨酯(WPU),可提高其拉伸强度、硬度和耐水性。
以FAPP、聚醚N-210及甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)为原料,合成了富马海松酸改性水性聚氨酯(FWPU),分别研究了亲水扩链剂二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)的加入量、NCO/OH摩尔比值(R值)及FAPP加入量对富马海松酸改性水性聚氨酯乳液及漆膜性能的影响,并对所得产品进行了红外光谱、镜面光泽、摆杆硬度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、附着力、吸水率等表征。当DMPA加入量为5%、R值为1.3、FAPP的加入量为35%时,FWPU的综合性能优良。同时对FWPU的抗菌性能进行了测定,测试结果表明制备的FWPU对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌都具有很好的抑菌性。
采用核-壳聚合法制备了丙烯酸酯复合富马海松酸改性水性聚氨酯(FWPUA)乳液,通过红外、透射电镜、差示扫描量热法对乳液的形态及结构进行了表征;研究了聚合温度、引发剂种类及用量、丙烯酸酯加入量对乳液及涂膜性能的影响。结果表明:制备的FWPUA复合乳液粒子具有核-壳结构,当采用甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)用量为30wt%,聚合温度在80-85℃,使用油溶性引发剂偶氮二异丁腈,用量为0.8wt%时,可得到性能较佳的乳液,制得的FWPUA涂膜耐水性、稳定性、力学性能及耐化学溶剂性有明显提高。
以FAPP、聚醚N-210及TDI和环氧树脂(EP)为原料,合成了EP复合富马海松酸改性水性聚氨酯(FWPU/EP)乳液。试验结果表明:加入EP后,WPU分散体粒径增大,粒径分布变宽;FT-IR分析验证了EP中的羟基和环氧基参与了反应,并且生成了EP改性WPU;随着EP用量的增加,胶膜的硬度、耐水性及力学性能增强,但乳液外观和稳定性变差,故EP用量为3.0wt%较适宜;当DMPA用量为6.0wt%时,乳液呈微透明状,储存稳定性较好。
以自制的富马海松酸改性水性聚氨酯及纳米氧化锌(ZnO)为原料制备了富马海松酸改性水性聚氨酯/纳米ZnO(FWPU/ZnO)复合材料。X射线衍射(XRD)和FT-IR研究结果表明,FWPU/ZnO复合材料中的氨酯羰基氢键化程度和硬段的有序化程度较纯FWPU高,而且FWPU/ZnO纳米复合材料中PU软硬段间有一定的相混合程度。TEM照片显示,ZnO纳米尺寸较均匀地分散在PU体系中。同时测试结果表明,少量纳米ZnO粒子的加入对PU有很好的增强和增韧效果,且具有一定的抗菌性和抗紫外性能。
The modified rosin acid- Fumaropimaric acid (FPA) was obtained by alkalify acidification-salt precipitation in combination with re-crystallization method. FPA structure was introduced to the main chain of Waterborne polyurethane (WPU) using addition, esterification and chemical additive polymerization reaction, which can improve hardness, burnish, and heat resistant properties of WPU. Modified WPU with improved comprehensive properties was prepared by emulsion polymerization technology, through a combination of the advantages of WPU, FPA, epoxy resin and acrylates composite materials. It was showed that the gloss, hardness, heat resistance and water resistance of WPU could be increased by addition of FPA structure.
FPA was synthesized from rosin and fumaric acid as raw materials. Effects of amount of fumaric acid, temperature, and reaction time on the Diels-Alder addition were investigated, and meanwhile fumaropimaric acid was purified by potassium-salt method. Experimental results showed that the optimum conditions were the amount of fumaric acid 30 wt% of the total mass of rosin, temperature at 210℃, reaction time for 3 h. Fumaropimaric acid was purified to 95.1%, and the yield was 93.8% by salting-out method under the above conditions. The structure of FPA was characterized by FT-IR, 1HNMR and MS.
Fumaropimaric acid polyester polyol (FAPP) was prepared from renewable resource fumaropimaric acid. Diol species, kinds and amounts of catalysts, temperature, reaction time under atmospheric pressure and reduced pressure, and molar ratio of diol to acid on properties of FAPP were investigated. Properties of the product were characterized by FI-IR spectra,and the gel permeation chromatograph (GPC). WPU with excellent comprehensive properties was obtained when FAPP was partly added, which was prepared on the conditions of 0.10 wt% ZnO as catalyst, temperature at 220℃, reaction time of atmospheric pressure for 4 h and reduced pressure for 3 h, and molar ratio of diol to acid 1.20, respectively.
FPA-based waterborne polyurethanes (FWPU) was prepared from fumaropimaric acid polyester polyol (FAPP) synthesised. Emulsions of the prepared FWPU were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dried films of the emulsions were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Other properties including water absorption, tensile strength, elongation at break and antibacterial activity of the RWPU were also determined. The results suggest that FWPU prepared with 35 wt% of FAPP has good potential for applications, with improved mechanical property, thermal stability and water resistance. The RWPU showed excellent antimicrobial properties in killing both Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus.
The acrylate modified FWPU (FWPUA) emulsion was prepared through core-shell polymerization processes. The morphology and properties of the emulsion and film were characterized by FT-IR, TEM, TGA and DSC. The results showed that the FWPUA emulsion was the core-shell composite. The propertiesof the emulsion such as water resistance, thermal stability and mechanical properties of FWPUA were improved on the condition of polymerization temperature at 80-85℃, 0.8wt% content of oil soluble initiator azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), and 30wt% content of methyl methacrylate (MMA).
FWPU emulsion modified by epoxy resin (EP) was synthesized. The properties of the emulsion and film were characterized by FT-IR, TEM, TGA and DSC. It was verified by FT-IR analysis that the hydroxyl and epoxy groups in EP participated in reaction. The hardness, water resistance and mechanics performances of films were improved with increase of EP content, but appearance and stability of emulsion were decreased. The FWPU/EP emulsion with better properties was obtained on the condition of EP content 3.0wt% and DMPA 6.0wt%, respectively.
A series of FWPU/ZnO nanocomposites were prepared by FWPU and nano ZnO. The morphologies structures and mechanical properties of these nanoeomposites were studied through XRD, TEM and FT-IR etc. The results showed that ZnO nanoparticles uniformly disperse in the FWPU matrix at nanometer level. For the FWPU/ZnO nanocomposites,the mixing degree between the soft and hard phases in the PU is improved. The ordered structures of the hard phases in the FWPU are enhanced due to the higher hydrogen bonding degree of the urethane groups in the FWPU. In addition,the stiffness and toughness, antimicrobial properties and anti-ultraviolet effect of the PU matrix are improved appreciably by adding a small amount of the ZnO nanoparticles into the FWPU matrix.
引文
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