西藏冈底斯—拉萨陆块中部构造格局及地质演化
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摘要
西藏冈底斯—拉萨陆块夹持于雅鲁藏布江结合带和班公湖—怒江结合带之间,向西与
克什米尔拉达克弧地体相接,向东延至滇西腾冲陆块。该陆块内次级构造单元划分和大地
构造属性认识存在较多争议。笔者根据其中部地区 1∶25 万邦多区、措麦区幅区调新发现
阿索构造混杂岩带、文部和尼雄—许如错晚侏罗世—早白垩世岩浆弧及南北向地堑等成果,
自北向南划分以下构造单元:
(1)岷千日白垩纪残余海盆地:是在阿索小洋盆(边缘海盆地)消亡后形成的残余海
盆地,以一套稳定含海相化石的碳酸盐沉积为标志。(2)阿索构造混杂岩带:呈北西西向
展布于研究区中北部阿索一线,最宽约 14Km。构造混杂岩由被肢解的蛇绿岩块与复理石、
深海硅质岩、泥质岩、火山岩、碳酸盐岩、浅海碎屑岩及二叠纪裂解块体等不同性质、不
同时代的岩石混杂在一起组成。(3)它日错—文部燕山期岩浆弧:岩浆弧是在早期裂离型
晚古生代地层块体基础上发展起来的成熟型岛弧,发育晚侏罗世—早白垩世钙碱性火山岩
及同期花岗岩深成岩体。北部与牛堡组断陷盆地和它日错弧内断陷盆地为界,南部岩体与
晚古生代地层呈侵入接触关系。其形成演化与班公湖-怒江洋及其弧后小洋盆向南俯冲消
减作用密切相关,形成多期次火山作用和深成岩浆侵入作用叠加的岩浆弧。(4)措勤—邦
多晚中生代复合弧后盆地:呈东西向展布研究区中部,北界以札拉断裂与它日错-当雄燕山
期岩浆弧为界,南界为弧背断隆带北界即隆格尔-纳木错～仲沙断裂一线。盆地沉积由则
弄群、捷嘎组、竞柱山组及林子宗群组成。(5)尼雄—格尔耿断隆带:位于研究区中部尼
雄、格尔耿、措麦一带,呈北西西向延展,断隆带主体由石炭—二叠纪地层及晚侏罗世许
如错超单元、早白垩世尼雄超单元等构成。在两者接触带上新发现了铁、铜多金属矿床。
断隆带形成与南、北两条区域性边界大断裂带的多期活动密切相关。(6)冈底斯—查孜喜
马拉雅期岩浆弧带:属冈底斯陆缘火山—岩浆弧的主体部分,它是晚白垩世—始新世雅鲁
藏布江洋向北俯冲消减形成的陆缘火山—岩浆弧,主体由古新世—始新世林子宗群钙碱性
系列火山岩及同期花岗岩组成。(7)当穹错—许如错新近纪—第四纪地堑:分布于研究区
东侧当穹错,当惹雍错一带,区内宽 5~22km,南北向长 70km,由一组南北向正断层阶梯
状断陷及其中间的湖泊盆地构成。地堑中间充填物为新近纪鱼鳞山组(Ny)、第四纪湖积、
冲湖积物。
在上述合理划分研究区构造单元的基础上,对各构造单元的构造变形和边界断裂特点
进行了系统归纳分析;并根据同位素年龄测试成果,结合前人资料,将冈底斯—拉萨陆块
中部地区的地史演化划分六个阶段:(1)古特提斯阶段:本区处于冈瓦纳大陆北部的陆表
海环境,以滨海-浅海陆棚相碎屑岩-碳酸盐沉积为主。(2)中特提斯洋扩张阶段( T—J1):
早-中三叠世,冈底斯陆块之主体部分为隆起区,本区进入剥蚀阶段。三叠纪晚世,特提
斯洋已拉开接受沉积。(3)班公湖—怒江洋向南俯冲阶段(J2-3):中侏罗世,特提斯洋(班
—怒洋)洋壳向冈底斯—拉萨陆块俯冲,冈底斯陆块开始裂开并发展为岛弧构造带。(4)
多岛弧—盆系洋陆转化阶段(J3—K1 ):在雅鲁藏布江洋向北和班公湖—怒江洋向南俯冲作
1
用下,本区为多岛弧盆系构造环境,沉积建造类型复杂,火山岩浆活动频繁,构造变质变
形强烈,是研究区地质发展史上的重要时期。早白垩世末的弧—陆碰撞造山运动后,基本
上奠定了研究区大地构造格架的基础。(5)残余海盆沉积及陆—陆碰撞造山阶段(K1 —E2):
2
陆块北部进入了陆内造山阶段,南部受雅鲁藏布江洋洋壳向冈底斯大陆边缘俯冲消减的影
响,演化为陆缘火山岩浆弧。(6)陆内汇聚—高原隆升阶段(E3—Q):渐新世起,全区进
入了陆内汇聚高原隆升阶段,形成推、滑覆构造,北东、北西向走滑断裂和南北向地堑。
冈底斯—拉萨陆块中部构造单元和演化阶段的合理划分,可确定与锑、铅锌、银多金
属有关的阿索—文部构造—岩浆成矿带和与铁、铜多金属矿有关的尼雄—格尔耿构造—岩
浆成矿带的大地构造环境,也为研究晚中生代以来冈底斯—拉萨陆块中部及班公湖—怒江
结合带的时空演化提供了基础性地质资料。
The Gandise— Lasha landmass in Tibet, westward joining Keshimier arc massif and
eastward extending to Tengchong landmass in West Yunnan, is located between the
Yarlungzangbojiang suture and the Ban-gong-Co-Nujiang suture. In geology circle, there are
many different opinions on the division of sub-units of tectonics in the landmass and its
geotectonic attributes. On the bases of the new discoveries of the Asou tectonic mélange zone
and the late Jurassic Epoch--early Cretaceous Epoch magma arc in Wenbu and in Nixiong
–Xurucuo and the N-S garben during the surveying of regional geology of the 1:250000 Bangduo
District sheet and Cuomei District sheet in the middle of the landmass, the tectonic units into
which can be divided from north to south in the middle of the landmass are as follows:
⑴ the Mianqianri Cretaceous relic sea basin: It is a relic sea basin formed after the
consumption of the small Asou ocean basin (margin sea basin) and characterized for a set of
stable carbonate sediments containing marine fossils. ⑵ the Asou tectonic mélange zone: The
zone, stretching in NNW strike along the Asou line in the middle-north study area, has the
greatest width of about 14km. The tectonic mélange consists of such rocks with different
properties and various ages as ophiolite rock mass disconnected, flysch, deep sea siliceous rock,
muddy rock, volcanic rock, carbonate rock, shallow sea clastic rock and split Permian
mass .These rocks are mixed up with each other. ⑶ the Taricuo— Wenbu Yanshanian magma
arc: The magma arc, a mature type of island arc which was developed on the base of a early split
mass of late Palaeozoic strata, abounds with late Jurassic Epoch--early Cretaceous Epoch
calc-alkaline volcanic rock and contemporary granitic plutons. Its northern border is the Niubao
formation faulted basin and the Taricuo faulted basin within arc,but its southern plutons had an
intrusive contact with late Paleozoic strata. Its formation and evolution were in a close correlation
with the Ban-gong-Co-Nujiang ocean and its back arc small ocean basin subducting northward,
forming the magma arc with superposition of poly-terms subvolcanism and plutonic magmatism.
(4) the Cuoqin— Bangduo late Mesozoic compound back-arc basin: Stretching in E-W strike in
the middle study area, the basin has a northern border of the Zhala rupture and the
Taricuo— Dangxiong Yanshanian magma arc and a southern border, namely the
Longgeer— Namucuo-Chongsha rupture in the back arc faulted upwarping zone. The basin
sediments consist of Luoshize group , Jiega formation ,Jingzhushan formation and Linzizong
Group.(5)the Nixiong— Geergeng faulted upwarping zone: Stretching in NWW strike along
Nixiong— Geergeng--Cuomei in the middle study area, the faulted upwarping zone has a main
part composed of Carboniferous Period— Permian Period strata and the Xurucuo ultra-unit of late
Jurassic Epoch and the Nixiong ultra-unit of early Cretaceous Epoch, etc. Iron and copper
Polymetallic deposits have been lately found in their contact. The formation of the faulted
upwarping zone is closely relative to poly- activities of both of regional boundary great rupture
zones, one in the south and the other in the north. (6)the Gandise –Chazi Himalayan magma arc
zone: As the main part of the Gandise marginal volcano— magma arc, the Gandise –Chazi
Himalayan magma arc zone is a continental margin volcano— magma arc developed from
Yarlungzangbojiang ocean subducting north during late Cretaceous Epoch--Eocene Epoch. Its
main part is composed of the calc-alkaline series volcanic rock of Linzizong Group of
Palaeocene Epoch--Eocene Epoch and the contemporary granite. ⑺ the
Danqiongcuo— Xurucuo Quaternary— Neogene graben: Distributed along
Danqiongcuo— Xurucuo in the eastern study area, the graben has a width of 5— 22kw and a
S— N length of 70km and consists of a group of S— N ladder normal faulted subsides and lake
basins among them. The filling in
克什米尔拉达克弧地体相接,向东延至滇西腾冲陆块。该陆块内次级构造单元划分和大地
构造属性认识存在较多争议。笔者根据其中部地区 1∶25 万邦多区、措麦区幅区调新发现
阿索构造混杂岩带、文部和尼雄—许如错晚侏罗世—早白垩世岩浆弧及南北向地堑等成果,
自北向南划分以下构造单元:
(1)岷千日白垩纪残余海盆地:是在阿索小洋盆(边缘海盆地)消亡后形成的残余海
盆地,以一套稳定含海相化石的碳酸盐沉积为标志。(2)阿索构造混杂岩带:呈北西西向
展布于研究区中北部阿索一线,最宽约 14Km。构造混杂岩由被肢解的蛇绿岩块与复理石、
深海硅质岩、泥质岩、火山岩、碳酸盐岩、浅海碎屑岩及二叠纪裂解块体等不同性质、不
同时代的岩石混杂在一起组成。(3)它日错—文部燕山期岩浆弧:岩浆弧是在早期裂离型
晚古生代地层块体基础上发展起来的成熟型岛弧,发育晚侏罗世—早白垩世钙碱性火山岩
及同期花岗岩深成岩体。北部与牛堡组断陷盆地和它日错弧内断陷盆地为界,南部岩体与
晚古生代地层呈侵入接触关系。其形成演化与班公湖-怒江洋及其弧后小洋盆向南俯冲消
减作用密切相关,形成多期次火山作用和深成岩浆侵入作用叠加的岩浆弧。(4)措勤—邦
多晚中生代复合弧后盆地:呈东西向展布研究区中部,北界以札拉断裂与它日错-当雄燕山
期岩浆弧为界,南界为弧背断隆带北界即隆格尔-纳木错～仲沙断裂一线。盆地沉积由则
弄群、捷嘎组、竞柱山组及林子宗群组成。(5)尼雄—格尔耿断隆带:位于研究区中部尼
雄、格尔耿、措麦一带,呈北西西向延展,断隆带主体由石炭—二叠纪地层及晚侏罗世许
如错超单元、早白垩世尼雄超单元等构成。在两者接触带上新发现了铁、铜多金属矿床。
断隆带形成与南、北两条区域性边界大断裂带的多期活动密切相关。(6)冈底斯—查孜喜
马拉雅期岩浆弧带:属冈底斯陆缘火山—岩浆弧的主体部分,它是晚白垩世—始新世雅鲁
藏布江洋向北俯冲消减形成的陆缘火山—岩浆弧,主体由古新世—始新世林子宗群钙碱性
系列火山岩及同期花岗岩组成。(7)当穹错—许如错新近纪—第四纪地堑:分布于研究区
东侧当穹错,当惹雍错一带,区内宽 5~22km,南北向长 70km,由一组南北向正断层阶梯
状断陷及其中间的湖泊盆地构成。地堑中间充填物为新近纪鱼鳞山组(Ny)、第四纪湖积、
冲湖积物。
在上述合理划分研究区构造单元的基础上,对各构造单元的构造变形和边界断裂特点
进行了系统归纳分析;并根据同位素年龄测试成果,结合前人资料,将冈底斯—拉萨陆块
中部地区的地史演化划分六个阶段:(1)古特提斯阶段:本区处于冈瓦纳大陆北部的陆表
海环境,以滨海-浅海陆棚相碎屑岩-碳酸盐沉积为主。(2)中特提斯洋扩张阶段( T—J1):
早-中三叠世,冈底斯陆块之主体部分为隆起区,本区进入剥蚀阶段。三叠纪晚世,特提
斯洋已拉开接受沉积。(3)班公湖—怒江洋向南俯冲阶段(J2-3):中侏罗世,特提斯洋(班
—怒洋)洋壳向冈底斯—拉萨陆块俯冲,冈底斯陆块开始裂开并发展为岛弧构造带。(4)
多岛弧—盆系洋陆转化阶段(J3—K1 ):在雅鲁藏布江洋向北和班公湖—怒江洋向南俯冲作
1
用下,本区为多岛弧盆系构造环境,沉积建造类型复杂,火山岩浆活动频繁,构造变质变
形强烈,是研究区地质发展史上的重要时期。早白垩世末的弧—陆碰撞造山运动后,基本
上奠定了研究区大地构造格架的基础。(5)残余海盆沉积及陆—陆碰撞造山阶段(K1 —E2):
2
陆块北部进入了陆内造山阶段,南部受雅鲁藏布江洋洋壳向冈底斯大陆边缘俯冲消减的影
响,演化为陆缘火山岩浆弧。(6)陆内汇聚—高原隆升阶段(E3—Q):渐新世起,全区进
入了陆内汇聚高原隆升阶段,形成推、滑覆构造,北东、北西向走滑断裂和南北向地堑。
冈底斯—拉萨陆块中部构造单元和演化阶段的合理划分,可确定与锑、铅锌、银多金
属有关的阿索—文部构造—岩浆成矿带和与铁、铜多金属矿有关的尼雄—格尔耿构造—岩
浆成矿带的大地构造环境,也为研究晚中生代以来冈底斯—拉萨陆块中部及班公湖—怒江
结合带的时空演化提供了基础性地质资料。
The Gandise— Lasha landmass in Tibet, westward joining Keshimier arc massif and
eastward extending to Tengchong landmass in West Yunnan, is located between the
Yarlungzangbojiang suture and the Ban-gong-Co-Nujiang suture. In geology circle, there are
many different opinions on the division of sub-units of tectonics in the landmass and its
geotectonic attributes. On the bases of the new discoveries of the Asou tectonic mélange zone
and the late Jurassic Epoch--early Cretaceous Epoch magma arc in Wenbu and in Nixiong
–Xurucuo and the N-S garben during the surveying of regional geology of the 1:250000 Bangduo
District sheet and Cuomei District sheet in the middle of the landmass, the tectonic units into
which can be divided from north to south in the middle of the landmass are as follows:
⑴ the Mianqianri Cretaceous relic sea basin: It is a relic sea basin formed after the
consumption of the small Asou ocean basin (margin sea basin) and characterized for a set of
stable carbonate sediments containing marine fossils. ⑵ the Asou tectonic mélange zone: The
zone, stretching in NNW strike along the Asou line in the middle-north study area, has the
greatest width of about 14km. The tectonic mélange consists of such rocks with different
properties and various ages as ophiolite rock mass disconnected, flysch, deep sea siliceous rock,
muddy rock, volcanic rock, carbonate rock, shallow sea clastic rock and split Permian
mass .These rocks are mixed up with each other. ⑶ the Taricuo— Wenbu Yanshanian magma
arc: The magma arc, a mature type of island arc which was developed on the base of a early split
mass of late Palaeozoic strata, abounds with late Jurassic Epoch--early Cretaceous Epoch
calc-alkaline volcanic rock and contemporary granitic plutons. Its northern border is the Niubao
formation faulted basin and the Taricuo faulted basin within arc,but its southern plutons had an
intrusive contact with late Paleozoic strata. Its formation and evolution were in a close correlation
with the Ban-gong-Co-Nujiang ocean and its back arc small ocean basin subducting northward,
forming the magma arc with superposition of poly-terms subvolcanism and plutonic magmatism.
(4) the Cuoqin— Bangduo late Mesozoic compound back-arc basin: Stretching in E-W strike in
the middle study area, the basin has a northern border of the Zhala rupture and the
Taricuo— Dangxiong Yanshanian magma arc and a southern border, namely the
Longgeer— Namucuo-Chongsha rupture in the back arc faulted upwarping zone. The basin
sediments consist of Luoshize group , Jiega formation ,Jingzhushan formation and Linzizong
Group.(5)the Nixiong— Geergeng faulted upwarping zone: Stretching in NWW strike along
Nixiong— Geergeng--Cuomei in the middle study area, the faulted upwarping zone has a main
part composed of Carboniferous Period— Permian Period strata and the Xurucuo ultra-unit of late
Jurassic Epoch and the Nixiong ultra-unit of early Cretaceous Epoch, etc. Iron and copper
Polymetallic deposits have been lately found in their contact. The formation of the faulted
upwarping zone is closely relative to poly- activities of both of regional boundary great rupture
zones, one in the south and the other in the north. (6)the Gandise –Chazi Himalayan magma arc
zone: As the main part of the Gandise marginal volcano— magma arc, the Gandise –Chazi
Himalayan magma arc zone is a continental margin volcano— magma arc developed from
Yarlungzangbojiang ocean subducting north during late Cretaceous Epoch--Eocene Epoch. Its
main part is composed of the calc-alkaline series volcanic rock of Linzizong Group of
Palaeocene Epoch--Eocene Epoch and the contemporary granite. ⑺ the
Danqiongcuo— Xurucuo Quaternary— Neogene graben: Distributed along
Danqiongcuo— Xurucuo in the eastern study area, the graben has a width of 5— 22kw and a
S— N length of 70km and consists of a group of S— N ladder normal faulted subsides and lake
basins among them. The filling in
引文
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6.肖序常,王军.1998.青藏构造演化及隆升的简要评述.地质论评 44(4):372～381
7.邓万明.1991.中昆仑造火带钾玄质火山岩的地质、地球化学和时代〔J〕.地质科学(3):193-206
8.邓万明.1993.青藏北部新生代钾质火山岩微量元素和 Sr、Nb 同位素地球化学研究〔J〕.岩石学
报 9(4):379～387
9.邓万明.1998.青蒇高原北部新生代板内火山岩.北京:地质出版社.
10.西藏自治区地质矿产局.1997.西藏自治区岩石地层.北京:地质出版社
11.西藏自治区地质矿产局.1993.西藏自治区区域地质志.北京:地质出版社
12.余光明等.1990.西藏特提斯沉积地质.北京:地质出版社
13.余光明,王成善,张哨楠.1991.西藏班公湖—丁青断裂带侏罗纪沉积盆地的特征.中国地质科
学院成都地质矿产研究所所刊
14.王立全、潘桂棠等。1999(73)3。金沙江弧—盆系时空结构及地史演化(J)地质学报
15.Garzanti E,Le Fort P,Sciunnach D. First report of Loner Permian basalts in South
Tibet:tholeiitic magmatism cluring break-up and incipient opening of Neotethys[J] Journal
of Asian Earth Sciences,1999,17:533-546
16.Pan G T,XuQ,Jiang X S.Songpan-Garze beit:Fore-arc accretion or back-arc collapsing,see:
Paradoxes in geology [M].Elseier Science B V,2001,55-64
17.林宝玉.1983.西藏申扎地区古生代地层,青藏高原地质文集(7、8).北京:地质出版社
18.张正贵,陈继荣,喻洪津.1985.西藏早扎早二叠世地层及生物群特征,青藏高原地质文集( 16).北
京:地质出版社
19.郭铁鹰等.1991.西藏阿里地质.武汉:中国地质大学出版社
20.钱定宇.1993.西藏白垩纪固着蛤的分布及地理区划.西藏地质.(2)
21.钱定宇.1994.西藏石炭二叠纪的生物群和气候及其冈瓦纳北界含义.西藏地质,(12)
22.张克信,殷鸿福,朱云海等著。2001。造山带混杂岩区地质填图理论、方法与实践—以东昆仑造
山带为例(M)。武汉:中国地质大学出版社
23.夏代祥.1983.藏北湖区申扎一带的古生代地层.青藏高原地质文集(2).北京:地质出版社
24.梁定益等.1994.早二叠世冈瓦纳北缘构造古地理环境与杂砾岩成因剖析.特提斯地质(18)
25.梁寿生等.1983.藏北班戈地区海相白垩系,青藏高原地质文集(3).北京:地质出版社,
26.曹圣华,罗小川,唐峰林等,2004 班公湖-怒江结合带南侧弧-盆系时空结构与演化特征[J]
中国地质 31(1)
27.赵政璋,李永铁等.2001.青藏高原地层.北京:科学出版社
28.曹圣华,袁建芽,唐峰林等, 2001 青藏高原区 1∶25 万区调构造调研的若干问题(J)。 江西地质
(15)3
29.李晓勇,肖业斌,袁建芽等.2001.西藏当穹错—姆错丙尼地区早二叠世拉嘎组及杂砾岩成因探
讨.江西地质 15(4):247～251
30.李晓勇,谢国刚,袁建芽等.2002.西藏文部—姆错丙尼地区早二叠世拉嘎组.地质通报 21(11):
723～727
31.李晓勇,谢国刚,徐银保等.2002.西藏中南部尼雄—文部地区中-晚二叠世坚扎弄组的发现及其
地质意义.地质通报 21(6):339～343
32.廖思平,陈振华,罗小川,邹爱建.2002.西藏当惹雍错地区白榴石响岩的发现及地质意义.地
质通报 21(11):735～738
33.中国地质调查局.2000.青藏高原区域地质调查理论与方法.青藏高原 1∶25 万区域地质调查培
训参考材料
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35.汤懋苍,程国栋,林振耀.1998.青藏高原近代气候变化及对环境的影响.广东科技出版社
36.潘桂棠,李兴振,王立全等,2002 青藏高原及邻区大地构造单元初步划分[J] 地质通报 21
32 谢国刚:西藏冈底斯—拉萨陆块中部构造格局及地质演化 2004.03
(11)701-707
37.中国科学院盐湖研究所.1988.西藏盐湖.北京:科学出版社
38.西藏自治区地质矿产局区域地质调查大队.1983.1∶1000000 区域地质调查报告(日喀则幅 H—
45、亚东幅 G—45)
39.中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.1983.西藏第四纪地质.北京:科学出版社
40.中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.1983.西藏地貌.北京:科学出版社
41.中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.1981.青藏高原隆起的时代、幅度和形成问题.北京:科
学出版社
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43.中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.1982.西藏自然地理.北京:科学出版社
44.刘东生等到编译.1997.第四纪环境.北京:科学出版社
45.夏正楷.1995.第四纪环境学.北京:大学出版社
46.强祖基,王洪涛.1992.活动构造研究.北京:地震出版社
47.朱大岗,孟宪刚等.2001.纳木错湖相沉积与藏北高原古大湖.地球学报 22(2):149～155
48.杨德明,李才,王天成.2001.西藏冈底斯东段南北向构造特征与成因.中国区域地质 20(4):
392～397
49.袁万明,王世成,李胜等.2001.西藏冈底斯带构造活动的裂变径迹证据.科学通报 46(20):1739～
1742
50.胡东生,张华京,李炳元等.2000.青藏高原腹地湖泊沉积序列与古气候变化.地质学报 74(4):
363～369
51.中国地质科学院主编.1989.西藏地层.北京:地质出版社,
52.石油勘探开发局科学研究院遥感地质研究所.1998.西藏措勤盆地它日错深凹陷区域石油地质调
查报告(内部)
53.王全海,王保生等.2002.西藏冈底斯岛弧及其铜多金属成矿带的基本特征与远景评估〔J〕.地
质通报 80(1)
54.高秉璋.1991.花岗岩 1:5 万区域地质填图方法指南.武汉:中国地质大学出版社
55.夏代祥.1985.班公湖―怒江、雅鲁藏布江缝合带中段演化历程的剖析.青藏高原地质文集( 9).北
京:地质出版社
56.许靖华:弧后造山作用及其大地构造相[J] 南京大学学报,1994,6(1):1-11
57.Robertson AHF.Role of the tectoric facies concept in orogenic analysis and its application
to Tethys in the eastern Mediterranean rithion [J] Earth Science Relieus.1994(37)139-213
58.周祥等,1:50 万西藏板块构造-建造图及其说明书[M] 北京:地质出版社 1989
2.潘桂棠,王培生,徐耀荣等.1990.青藏高原新生代构造演化.北京:地质出版社
3.黄汲清,陈炳蔚.1987.中国及邻区特提斯海的演化〔M〕.北京:地质出版社
4.李德威,2000,青藏高原构造演化及隆升机制的探讨.青藏高原区域地质调查理论与方法:中国地调
局(内刊)
5.肖庆辉,邓晋福,马大铨等.2002.花岗岩研究思维与方法.北京:地质出版社
6.肖序常,王军.1998.青藏构造演化及隆升的简要评述.地质论评 44(4):372～381
7.邓万明.1991.中昆仑造火带钾玄质火山岩的地质、地球化学和时代〔J〕.地质科学(3):193-206
8.邓万明.1993.青藏北部新生代钾质火山岩微量元素和 Sr、Nb 同位素地球化学研究〔J〕.岩石学
报 9(4):379～387
9.邓万明.1998.青蒇高原北部新生代板内火山岩.北京:地质出版社.
10.西藏自治区地质矿产局.1997.西藏自治区岩石地层.北京:地质出版社
11.西藏自治区地质矿产局.1993.西藏自治区区域地质志.北京:地质出版社
12.余光明等.1990.西藏特提斯沉积地质.北京:地质出版社
13.余光明,王成善,张哨楠.1991.西藏班公湖—丁青断裂带侏罗纪沉积盆地的特征.中国地质科
学院成都地质矿产研究所所刊
14.王立全、潘桂棠等。1999(73)3。金沙江弧—盆系时空结构及地史演化(J)地质学报
15.Garzanti E,Le Fort P,Sciunnach D. First report of Loner Permian basalts in South
Tibet:tholeiitic magmatism cluring break-up and incipient opening of Neotethys[J] Journal
of Asian Earth Sciences,1999,17:533-546
16.Pan G T,XuQ,Jiang X S.Songpan-Garze beit:Fore-arc accretion or back-arc collapsing,see:
Paradoxes in geology [M].Elseier Science B V,2001,55-64
17.林宝玉.1983.西藏申扎地区古生代地层,青藏高原地质文集(7、8).北京:地质出版社
18.张正贵,陈继荣,喻洪津.1985.西藏早扎早二叠世地层及生物群特征,青藏高原地质文集( 16).北
京:地质出版社
19.郭铁鹰等.1991.西藏阿里地质.武汉:中国地质大学出版社
20.钱定宇.1993.西藏白垩纪固着蛤的分布及地理区划.西藏地质.(2)
21.钱定宇.1994.西藏石炭二叠纪的生物群和气候及其冈瓦纳北界含义.西藏地质,(12)
22.张克信,殷鸿福,朱云海等著。2001。造山带混杂岩区地质填图理论、方法与实践—以东昆仑造
山带为例(M)。武汉:中国地质大学出版社
23.夏代祥.1983.藏北湖区申扎一带的古生代地层.青藏高原地质文集(2).北京:地质出版社
24.梁定益等.1994.早二叠世冈瓦纳北缘构造古地理环境与杂砾岩成因剖析.特提斯地质(18)
25.梁寿生等.1983.藏北班戈地区海相白垩系,青藏高原地质文集(3).北京:地质出版社,
26.曹圣华,罗小川,唐峰林等,2004 班公湖-怒江结合带南侧弧-盆系时空结构与演化特征[J]
中国地质 31(1)
27.赵政璋,李永铁等.2001.青藏高原地层.北京:科学出版社
28.曹圣华,袁建芽,唐峰林等, 2001 青藏高原区 1∶25 万区调构造调研的若干问题(J)。 江西地质
(15)3
29.李晓勇,肖业斌,袁建芽等.2001.西藏当穹错—姆错丙尼地区早二叠世拉嘎组及杂砾岩成因探
讨.江西地质 15(4):247～251
30.李晓勇,谢国刚,袁建芽等.2002.西藏文部—姆错丙尼地区早二叠世拉嘎组.地质通报 21(11):
723～727
31.李晓勇,谢国刚,徐银保等.2002.西藏中南部尼雄—文部地区中-晚二叠世坚扎弄组的发现及其
地质意义.地质通报 21(6):339～343
32.廖思平,陈振华,罗小川,邹爱建.2002.西藏当惹雍错地区白榴石响岩的发现及地质意义.地
质通报 21(11):735～738
33.中国地质调查局.2000.青藏高原区域地质调查理论与方法.青藏高原 1∶25 万区域地质调查培
训参考材料
34.施雅凤,李吉均,李炳元.1998.青藏高原晚新生代隆升与环境变化.广东科技出版社
35.汤懋苍,程国栋,林振耀.1998.青藏高原近代气候变化及对环境的影响.广东科技出版社
36.潘桂棠,李兴振,王立全等,2002 青藏高原及邻区大地构造单元初步划分[J] 地质通报 21
32 谢国刚:西藏冈底斯—拉萨陆块中部构造格局及地质演化 2004.03
(11)701-707
37.中国科学院盐湖研究所.1988.西藏盐湖.北京:科学出版社
38.西藏自治区地质矿产局区域地质调查大队.1983.1∶1000000 区域地质调查报告(日喀则幅 H—
45、亚东幅 G—45)
39.中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.1983.西藏第四纪地质.北京:科学出版社
40.中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.1983.西藏地貌.北京:科学出版社
41.中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.1981.青藏高原隆起的时代、幅度和形成问题.北京:科
学出版社
42.中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.1981.西藏地热.北京:科学出版社
43.中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.1982.西藏自然地理.北京:科学出版社
44.刘东生等到编译.1997.第四纪环境.北京:科学出版社
45.夏正楷.1995.第四纪环境学.北京:大学出版社
46.强祖基,王洪涛.1992.活动构造研究.北京:地震出版社
47.朱大岗,孟宪刚等.2001.纳木错湖相沉积与藏北高原古大湖.地球学报 22(2):149～155
48.杨德明,李才,王天成.2001.西藏冈底斯东段南北向构造特征与成因.中国区域地质 20(4):
392～397
49.袁万明,王世成,李胜等.2001.西藏冈底斯带构造活动的裂变径迹证据.科学通报 46(20):1739～
1742
50.胡东生,张华京,李炳元等.2000.青藏高原腹地湖泊沉积序列与古气候变化.地质学报 74(4):
363～369
51.中国地质科学院主编.1989.西藏地层.北京:地质出版社,
52.石油勘探开发局科学研究院遥感地质研究所.1998.西藏措勤盆地它日错深凹陷区域石油地质调
查报告(内部)
53.王全海,王保生等.2002.西藏冈底斯岛弧及其铜多金属成矿带的基本特征与远景评估〔J〕.地
质通报 80(1)
54.高秉璋.1991.花岗岩 1:5 万区域地质填图方法指南.武汉:中国地质大学出版社
55.夏代祥.1985.班公湖―怒江、雅鲁藏布江缝合带中段演化历程的剖析.青藏高原地质文集( 9).北
京:地质出版社
56.许靖华:弧后造山作用及其大地构造相[J] 南京大学学报,1994,6(1):1-11
57.Robertson AHF.Role of the tectoric facies concept in orogenic analysis and its application
to Tethys in the eastern Mediterranean rithion [J] Earth Science Relieus.1994(37)139-213
58.周祥等,1:50 万西藏板块构造-建造图及其说明书[M] 北京:地质出版社 1989