热轧粗轧过程金属变形规律的有限元模拟研究
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摘要
板带材在国民经济发展中起着重要的作用，它在工业、农业、国防以及民用产品中的应用极其广泛。尤其是热轧带钢，它不仅作为薄板和中板可以直接使用，而且还作为冷轧板、焊管和冷弯型钢的原材料。
本文选择板带材热轧粗轧过程的计算机模拟作为研究课题。利用MARC有限元软件研究了在整个粗轧过程中，轧件的温度变化情况。考虑了轧件与空气中的对流、辐射、轧件与轧辊的换热、轧件与高压水之间的换热等边界条件对轧件的温度影响的规律。其次，通过MARC有限元软件研究了热轧粗轧水平辊轧制过程中轧件的自然宽展规律，以及轧辊的压下量和轧件来料厚度、宽度对轧件宽展的影响的规律。最后，研究了热轧粗轧过程中在立辊压下时，轧件的变形，以及在随后的水平辊轧制时，轧件的变形规律。通过以上的模拟过程，得到了热轧粗轧过程中，轧件的位移场、应变场、应力场、温度场的分布，分析结果可以为优化轧制工艺，提高产品质量提供理论根据。
最后通过在实验轧机上轧制铅试件，研究试件在立辊与水平辊轧制中的变形规律。将实验轧机上得到的数据与计算机模拟的结果进行了全面的对比，二者吻合良好，进一步验证了本文工作的正确性
Strip plays an important role in the development of domestic economy, and the products are widely used in industry, agriculture, national defence and civil areas. It can not only be used as slab and sheet, but also as raw and processed materials of cold rolling, weld tube, and cold banding beam.
We select the computer simulation of hot rough rolling of slab as research object. Adopting Marc development technology, we resolve the problem of temperature changing of slab during hot rolling. In the course of calculating temperature field, we take into consideration of the plastic work, heat convective, radiative, conductive among work-piece. Secondly, adopting Marc deveopment technology, width behavior during horizonal rolling in roughing stands of hot strip mills is simulated. We have also considered the width behavior when the roller reduction, the original height and the original width of slab are changing. At last width behavior during edge rolling with flat roller and horizanal rolling in rough stands of hot strip mills is simulated. Through successful simulation, we have acquired displacement fields, strain fields, stress fields and temperature fields. These results have important significance to improvement of mechanical properties of hot rolling strip and the quality of production.
Through experiment done on the experiment rolling machine, the deformation rule of metal in the horizontal and edge rolling was researched. Comparisons between the data from experiment rolling machine and computer simulation results show comprehensive coindence each other, which proves the correctness of our works
本文选择板带材热轧粗轧过程的计算机模拟作为研究课题。利用MARC有限元软件研究了在整个粗轧过程中，轧件的温度变化情况。考虑了轧件与空气中的对流、辐射、轧件与轧辊的换热、轧件与高压水之间的换热等边界条件对轧件的温度影响的规律。其次，通过MARC有限元软件研究了热轧粗轧水平辊轧制过程中轧件的自然宽展规律，以及轧辊的压下量和轧件来料厚度、宽度对轧件宽展的影响的规律。最后，研究了热轧粗轧过程中在立辊压下时，轧件的变形，以及在随后的水平辊轧制时，轧件的变形规律。通过以上的模拟过程，得到了热轧粗轧过程中，轧件的位移场、应变场、应力场、温度场的分布，分析结果可以为优化轧制工艺，提高产品质量提供理论根据。
最后通过在实验轧机上轧制铅试件，研究试件在立辊与水平辊轧制中的变形规律。将实验轧机上得到的数据与计算机模拟的结果进行了全面的对比，二者吻合良好，进一步验证了本文工作的正确性
Strip plays an important role in the development of domestic economy, and the products are widely used in industry, agriculture, national defence and civil areas. It can not only be used as slab and sheet, but also as raw and processed materials of cold rolling, weld tube, and cold banding beam.
We select the computer simulation of hot rough rolling of slab as research object. Adopting Marc development technology, we resolve the problem of temperature changing of slab during hot rolling. In the course of calculating temperature field, we take into consideration of the plastic work, heat convective, radiative, conductive among work-piece. Secondly, adopting Marc deveopment technology, width behavior during horizonal rolling in roughing stands of hot strip mills is simulated. We have also considered the width behavior when the roller reduction, the original height and the original width of slab are changing. At last width behavior during edge rolling with flat roller and horizanal rolling in rough stands of hot strip mills is simulated. Through successful simulation, we have acquired displacement fields, strain fields, stress fields and temperature fields. These results have important significance to improvement of mechanical properties of hot rolling strip and the quality of production.
Through experiment done on the experiment rolling machine, the deformation rule of metal in the horizontal and edge rolling was researched. Comparisons between the data from experiment rolling machine and computer simulation results show comprehensive coindence each other, which proves the correctness of our works
引文
1
中国金属学会热轧板带学术委员会编.中国热轧宽带钢轧机及生产技术.北京：冶金工业出版社,2002:216-246
2
北京钢铁设计研究总院编.日本热轧带钢技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,1982: 27-73
3
中国金属学会热轧板带学术委员会编.中国热轧宽带钢轧机及生产技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,2002:216-246
4
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5
王国栋.板形控制和板形理论.北京:冶金工业出版社,1986:1-125
6
赵刚,杨永立编.轧制过程的计算机控制系统.北京:冶金工业出版社,2002:1-26
7
Orowan. E. The Calculation of Roll Pressure in Hot and Cold Rolling. Proc. Inst. Mech. Enghs,1943,150:140-167
8
连家创主编.轧机基本理论进展.西安:西安重型机械研究所出版社,1983:3-25
9
Alexander J. M. On The Theory of Rolling London:R. Soc,1972:535-563
10
连家创.考虑轧件弹性变形时冷轧薄板轧制压力的计算.中国金属学会轧钢学术委员会.全国轧钢理论讨论会,西安,1979.北京,冶金工业出版社,1982:32-41
11
胡锡增.冷轧板材接触弧长度的确定及轧制力计算.中国金属学会轧钢学术委员会.全国轧钢理论讨论会,西安,1979.北京,冶金工业出版社,1982:7-28
12
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13
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14
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17
连家创.变分法求解辊缝中金属的横向流动问题.东北重型机械学院学报,1980,(1):1-10
18
赵志业,王国栋.现代塑性加工力学.沈阳:东北工学院,1984:14-20
19
K. Mori, K. Osakada and T. oda. Simulation of Plane Strain Rolling by the Rigid- Plastic Finite Element Method. Int. J.Mech. Sci,1989,(24):76-82
20
刘宏民.四辊轧机冷轧带材压力摩擦力张力横向分布的理论和实验研究.[燕山大学工学博士学位论文].1988:2-56
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左旭,卫原平编著.金属体积成形三维数值仿真的研究进展.力学进展,1999, 29(4):4-10
22
连家创,段振勇,叶星.三维解析法求解辊中金属横向流动问题.东北重型机械学院学报,1984,(3):1-9
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孟凡中.弹塑性有限变形理论和有限元方法.北京:清华大学出版社,1985:156-256
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李人宪.有限元基础.北京:国防工业出版社,2002:159-178
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刘相华.刚塑性有限元及其在轧制中的应用.北京:冶金工业出版社,1994:25-75 174-235
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刘宏民.三维轧制理论及其应用.北京:科学出版社,1999:21-65
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周维海.板带热连轧的计算机仿真.[燕山大学工学博士学位论文].2000:1-60
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Esa Ervasti, Ulf Stahlberg. Behaviors of Longitudinal Surface in Hot Rolling of Steel Slabs. Journal of Material Processing Technology,1999,(94):6-15
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John D. Reid, Dean L. Sicking. Design and Simulation of a Sequential Kinking Guardrail Terminal. Int. J. Impact Engng,1998,(9):43-47
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2
北京钢铁设计研究总院编.日本热轧带钢技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,1982: 27-73
3
中国金属学会热轧板带学术委员会编.中国热轧宽带钢轧机及生产技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,2002:216-246
4
丁作礼.板形控制技术的现状与发展.中国金属学会轧钢学术委员会.全国轧钢理论讨论会,西安,1979.北京,冶金工业出版社,1982:46-53
5
王国栋.板形控制和板形理论.北京:冶金工业出版社,1986:1-125
6
赵刚,杨永立编.轧制过程的计算机控制系统.北京:冶金工业出版社,2002:1-26
7
Orowan. E. The Calculation of Roll Pressure in Hot and Cold Rolling. Proc. Inst. Mech. Enghs,1943,150:140-167
8
连家创主编.轧机基本理论进展.西安:西安重型机械研究所出版社,1983:3-25
9
Alexander J. M. On The Theory of Rolling London:R. Soc,1972:535-563
10
连家创.考虑轧件弹性变形时冷轧薄板轧制压力的计算.中国金属学会轧钢学术委员会.全国轧钢理论讨论会,西安,1979.北京,冶金工业出版社,1982:32-41
11
胡锡增.冷轧板材接触弧长度的确定及轧制力计算.中国金属学会轧钢学术委员会.全国轧钢理论讨论会,西安,1979.北京,冶金工业出版社,1982:7-28
12
Rowe G. W. Principles of Industrial Metalworking Processed. London: Edward Arnild, 1976:130-131
13
Stone M. D. Rolling of Thin Strip. Iron and Steel,1981,30(2):60-65
14
Sims R. b. The Calculation of Roll Force and Torque in Hot Rolling Mill. Proc.Inst.Mech.Engrs,1954,168:191-200
15
曹鸿德主编.塑性变形力学基础与轧制原理.北京:机械工业出版社,1984:151-166
16
户泽康寿.关于薄板的三元轧制理论.申光宪译.齐齐哈尔：东北重型机械学院，1982:3-145
17
连家创.变分法求解辊缝中金属的横向流动问题.东北重型机械学院学报,1980,(1):1-10
18
赵志业,王国栋.现代塑性加工力学.沈阳:东北工学院,1984:14-20
19
K. Mori, K. Osakada and T. oda. Simulation of Plane Strain Rolling by the Rigid- Plastic Finite Element Method. Int. J.Mech. Sci,1989,(24):76-82
20
刘宏民.四辊轧机冷轧带材压力摩擦力张力横向分布的理论和实验研究.[燕山大学工学博士学位论文].1988:2-56
21
左旭,卫原平编著.金属体积成形三维数值仿真的研究进展.力学进展,1999, 29(4):4-10
22
连家创,段振勇,叶星.三维解析法求解辊中金属横向流动问题.东北重型机械学院学报,1984,(3):1-9
23
孟凡中.弹塑性有限变形理论和有限元方法.北京:清华大学出版社,1985:156-256
24
李人宪.有限元基础.北京:国防工业出版社,2002:159-178
25
刘相华.刚塑性有限元及其在轧制中的应用.北京:冶金工业出版社,1994:25-75 174-235
26
刘宏民.三维轧制理论及其应用.北京:科学出版社,1999:21-65
27
周维海.板带热连轧的计算机仿真.[燕山大学工学博士学位论文].2000:1-60
28
Mauro Moraes de Souza. Simulation des TM-Walzens. Dissertation. Aachen: IBF, 1989:1-5
29
谢贻权,何福保主编.弹性和塑性力学中的有限元法.北京:北京工业出版社, 1981:25-78
30
O. C. 监凯维奇著.有限元法(上册).尹泽勇译.北京:科技出版社,1985:96-122
31
杨桂通.弹性力学.北京:高等教育出版社,1998:71-153
32
王勖成,邵敏主编.有限元法基本原理和数值方法.北京:清华大学出版社,1997: 259-564
33
O. C. 齐基威茨.Y. K著.结构和连续力学中的有限单元法.北京:国防工业出版社,1975:26-80
34
乔端,钱仁根.非线性有限元法及其在塑性加工中的应用.北京:冶金工业出版社,1990:1-50
35
陈火红编.Marc有限元实例分析教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2002:255-285
36
Annika Nilsson. FE Simulation of Camber in Hot Strip Rolling. Journal of Material Processing Technology,1998,(8):12-16
37
Esa Ervasti, Ulf Stahlberg. Behaviors of Longitudinal Surface in Hot Rolling of Steel Slabs. Journal of Material Processing Technology,1999,(94):6-15
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