污水源热泵系统中淋激板式换热器的性能研究
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摘要
我国的污水处理厂最常用的处理方法为生物处理方法,污水处理尤其是在寒冷地区存在生物处理难、水温低、处理效果差等问题。针对此问题,本文研究在污水生物处理中使用污水源热泵系统,回收处理后污水中的热能加热原生污水。同时考虑到污水水质的特殊性,以淋激板式换热器作为系统的冷凝器。
根据哈尔滨某药厂污水排放的实际情况,确定了热泵系统的运行参数。对三级淋激板式换热器进行了设计计算,讨论了结构参数对换热器传热性能的影响,这些参数包括:板片波纹形式、单片有效传热面积、板片长宽比、污水流道的宽度。对淋激装置进行了设计计算,同时讨论了污垢对换热器性能的影响。
分别建立了螺杆式压缩机、淋激板式冷凝器、热力膨胀阀、干式U形管壳管蒸发器的数学模型。在此基础上,以质量守恒、动量守恒、能量守恒定律为约束条件,建立了污水源热泵系统的数学模型,用VB编程设计出了污水源热泵系统系能模拟分析软件,并用该软件对设定工况下系统的性能进行了计算,模拟值与设定值基本相同。
利用编制的软件对污水源热泵系统的运行特性进行了分析,讨论了污水流量、冷凝器侧污水进口温度、蒸发器侧污水进口温度、污垢热阻在合理范围内变化时,系统主要性能参数的变化规律。这些参数包括:蒸发温度、冷凝温度、换热器传热系数、换热量、出口污水温度、压缩机输入功率、系统制热性能系数等。模拟结果可为工程实际提供参考。
本课题研究为“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目“水源地源热泵高效应用关键技术研究与示范”(2006BAJ01A06)部分内容。
Sewage treatment plant in our country use biologic technology commonly, but there are problems especially in cold areas such as difficult treatment,low sewage temperature, bad effect and so on during sewage treatment.So a sewage-source heat pump system is presented to heat up fore-sewage by recycling heat energy of sewage to meet the requst of the sewage temperature. Considering the special sewage quality,we use sprinkling plate heat exchanger as condenser of the heat pump system.
According to the investigation on sewage project of a drug plant in Harbin, the function parameters of heat pump system are confirmed.The three-grade sprinkling plate heat exchangers are designed and calculated in detail,also we analyze structure parameters’effect on heat transferring performance.These parameters include:the form of plate’s ripple, the single effective diathermanous area of plate, the proportion between length and width of plate,the width of sewage’s flowing path etc..The sprinkling equipment is designed and calculated, and fouling’s effect on the performance of heat exchanger is also studied.
Mathematical models of helicallobe compressor,sprinkling plate condenser, thermostatic expansion valve,dry-typical U-tube shell and coil evaporator are established respectively.Based on these models, according to law of conservation of mass,law of conservation of momentum and law of conservation of energy, mathematical model of sewage-source heat pump system is established.Microspft Visual Basic computer language is adopted to develop the performance simulation software for sewage-source heat pump system. Performance of system under enact instance is simulated by using this software,and the simulant values are close to the initializations.
The performance characteristic of sewage-source heat pump system is analyzed by using the software,and the effects how the systemic parameters changing reasonably such as flux of sewage,inlet temperature of sewage of condenser,inlet temperature of sewage of evaporator and thermal resistance of fouling impact on systemic performance are studied.There systemic performance parameters include:evaporating temperature,condensating temperature, diather- manous coefficient of heat exchanger, heat quantity,outlet temperature of sewage, input power of compressor, systemoc heating coefficient etc..The simulation reslt can supply engineering with reference.
根据哈尔滨某药厂污水排放的实际情况,确定了热泵系统的运行参数。对三级淋激板式换热器进行了设计计算,讨论了结构参数对换热器传热性能的影响,这些参数包括:板片波纹形式、单片有效传热面积、板片长宽比、污水流道的宽度。对淋激装置进行了设计计算,同时讨论了污垢对换热器性能的影响。
分别建立了螺杆式压缩机、淋激板式冷凝器、热力膨胀阀、干式U形管壳管蒸发器的数学模型。在此基础上,以质量守恒、动量守恒、能量守恒定律为约束条件,建立了污水源热泵系统的数学模型,用VB编程设计出了污水源热泵系统系能模拟分析软件,并用该软件对设定工况下系统的性能进行了计算,模拟值与设定值基本相同。
利用编制的软件对污水源热泵系统的运行特性进行了分析,讨论了污水流量、冷凝器侧污水进口温度、蒸发器侧污水进口温度、污垢热阻在合理范围内变化时,系统主要性能参数的变化规律。这些参数包括:蒸发温度、冷凝温度、换热器传热系数、换热量、出口污水温度、压缩机输入功率、系统制热性能系数等。模拟结果可为工程实际提供参考。
本课题研究为“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目“水源地源热泵高效应用关键技术研究与示范”(2006BAJ01A06)部分内容。
Sewage treatment plant in our country use biologic technology commonly, but there are problems especially in cold areas such as difficult treatment,low sewage temperature, bad effect and so on during sewage treatment.So a sewage-source heat pump system is presented to heat up fore-sewage by recycling heat energy of sewage to meet the requst of the sewage temperature. Considering the special sewage quality,we use sprinkling plate heat exchanger as condenser of the heat pump system.
According to the investigation on sewage project of a drug plant in Harbin, the function parameters of heat pump system are confirmed.The three-grade sprinkling plate heat exchangers are designed and calculated in detail,also we analyze structure parameters’effect on heat transferring performance.These parameters include:the form of plate’s ripple, the single effective diathermanous area of plate, the proportion between length and width of plate,the width of sewage’s flowing path etc..The sprinkling equipment is designed and calculated, and fouling’s effect on the performance of heat exchanger is also studied.
Mathematical models of helicallobe compressor,sprinkling plate condenser, thermostatic expansion valve,dry-typical U-tube shell and coil evaporator are established respectively.Based on these models, according to law of conservation of mass,law of conservation of momentum and law of conservation of energy, mathematical model of sewage-source heat pump system is established.Microspft Visual Basic computer language is adopted to develop the performance simulation software for sewage-source heat pump system. Performance of system under enact instance is simulated by using this software,and the simulant values are close to the initializations.
The performance characteristic of sewage-source heat pump system is analyzed by using the software,and the effects how the systemic parameters changing reasonably such as flux of sewage,inlet temperature of sewage of condenser,inlet temperature of sewage of evaporator and thermal resistance of fouling impact on systemic performance are studied.There systemic performance parameters include:evaporating temperature,condensating temperature, diather- manous coefficient of heat exchanger, heat quantity,outlet temperature of sewage, input power of compressor, systemoc heating coefficient etc..The simulation reslt can supply engineering with reference.
引文
1张统.污水处理工艺及工程方案设计.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2000:80-85
2尹军,王雪峰,王建辉.低温对污水生物处理过程的影响及改进措施.吉林建筑工程学院学报.2007,24(2):29-33
3尹军,王宏哲,韦新东.城市污水热能利用技术及展望.吉林建筑工程学院报.2001,6(2):29-32
4周文忠,李建兴,涂光备.污水源热泵系统和污水冷热能利用前景分析.暖通空调.2004,34 (8):25-29
5马最良,姚杨,赵丽莹.污水源热泵系统的应用前景.中国给水排水.2003,19(7):41-43
6文一波.城市污水厂建设和运营费用的探讨.中国给水排水.1999,5(9) :17-19
7王宏哲.城市污水热能回收与利用的探讨.环境保护.2001,(11):44-45
8龙惟定,王长庆,丁文婷.试论中国的能源结构与空调冷热源的选择取向.暖通空调.2000,30(5):27-32
9 CADDET(The Center for the Analysis and Dissemi Nation of Demonstrated Energy Technologies).First DHC System in Japan Using Untreated Sewage as a Heat Source.Result 290,JP97.503/ 5X.D01,1997
10 IEAHPC(国际能源组织热泵中心).Heat sources.http:// www.Heat pump-centre.org/ About_heat_pumps / Heat_sources.asp
11吴荣华,孙德兴,张成虎.城市污水源热泵的应用与研究现状.哈尔滨工业大学报.2006,38(8):1326-1329
12 Lief Westin.Heat Pump Based on Sewage for District Heating.New Energy Confre Technology.1981,(3):45-49
13 DONGSOO J,HAK-JUN K,OOKJOONGK.A Study on the Performance of Multi Stage Heat Pumps Using Mixtures . International Journal of Refrigeration.1999,22:402-413
14李洪,曲云霞.污水源热泵技术及其应用.可再生能源.2006,(5):90-92
15 The Gas Association.Utilization of Untapped Energy.http:// www.gas. or. jp/ e-kankyo/ 2-1-2-1.html
16 Funamizu N,Iida M,Sakakura Y.Reuse of Heat Energy in Waste-water: Implementation Examples in Japan.Water Scienceand Technology.2001,10:277-286
17冯彦刚.城市污水低位热能回收利用的研究.工业用水与废水.2002, 33(1):10-12
18 Fumanizu N,Ogoshi M.Reuse of Wate Rand Heat Energy in Wastewater in Japan.21世纪国际城市污水处理及资源化发展战略研讨会与展览会会议论文.北京,2001
19 CADDET.Reduced Fouling of Sewage Water Heat Pumps.Demo 33,JP 93.501/5X H03,1995
20 YOSHI T. Technology for Utilizing Unused Low Temperature Difference Energy. Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy.2001,8:696-706
21王宏哲,尹军.城市污水热能回收与利用发展状况、评价和意义.中国环境管理.2001,(5):21-22
22周文忠.污水源热泵空调系统在污水处理厂的应用.暖通空调.2005,35(1):83-87
23尹军.城市污水中的热能回收与利用.中国给水排水.1998,14(2):53-54
24 T.Asano,M.Maeda.Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse.Overview and Implementation Examples.Wat.Sci.Tech.1996,36(11):219-226
25 Stijemstrom B.Feeding Large Heating Pumps from Sewage Water Treatment Plants. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applications and Efficiency of Heat Pump Systems.1991:183-192
26 NORIO A.Evaluation of Energy Use in District Heating and Cooling Plant Using Sewage and one Using Air as Heat Source. Joural of the Japan Institute of Energy,2000,5:446-454
27白莉.城市污水热能利用技术的实验研究.吉林大学博士学位论文.2001:20-45
28姚杨,宋艳,那威.污水源热泵系统中多级淋激式换热器的设计与分析.暖通空调.2007,37(3):63-67
29黄秀娟.板式换热器中流体的流动状况和传热机理分析.辽宁高职学报.2001,3(3):44-46
30杨海静,陆克.污水源热泵技术在密云污水处理厂的应用.网易暖通. http://co.163.com/r_p_2.htm
31何雪冰,刘宪英.热泵机组用板式冷凝器及蒸发器的选择计算.暖通空调.2001,31(6):58-61
32 Chen Yaping,Zhou Qiangtai,Shi Mingheng.Mathematical Model and Calculation for Heat Transfer during Condensation on Surfaces of Corrugated Plates.Journal of Southeast University.2003,19(4):347-351
33兰州石油机械研究所.板式换热器.北京:机械工业出版社.1968:97-98
34杨崇麟.板式换热器工程设计手册.北京:机械工业出版社.1994:17-20
35 Muley A,Manglik R M.Experimental Study of Turbulent Flow Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in a Plate Heat Exchanger With Chevron Plates.Journal of Heat Transfer.1999:121-124
36兰州石油机械研究所.板式换热器人字形波纹板片试验总结报告.1972
37宋艳.污水源热泵中多级淋激式换热器的设计及系统模拟.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2004:12-29
38杨善让,徐志明.换热设备的污垢与对策.北京:科学出版社.1995:184-187
39 Knudsen JG . Fouling of Heating Exchangers : Are We Solving the Problem.Chem Eng Prog.1989:63-69
40 A Cooper, J Suitor, J Usher. Cooling Water Fouling in Plate Heat Exchangers.Heat Transfer Engineering.1980:54-56
41崔茂佩.压缩机特性线的系数拟合法.热能动力工程.1999,14(1):43-46
42彦启森.空气调节用制冷技术.中国建筑工业出版社.1985:34-41
43伏龙.用于系统仿真的螺杆压缩机模型.压缩机技术.2002,1:10-12
44黄忠,丁勇,孙纯武.螺杆式压缩机容积效率计算方法的探讨.重庆大学学报.2002,25(8):118-119
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59吴占臣.蒸发温度和冷凝温度变化对制冷机性能的影响.化工装备技术.2002,23(2):48-50
60李鑫,孙德兴,张承虎等.污水换热器内污垢生长特性实验研究.暖通空调.2008,38(2):5-8
61姚杨,宋艳,那威.污垢对污水源热泵系统性能影响.哈尔滨工业大学学报.2007,39(4):599-603
2尹军,王雪峰,王建辉.低温对污水生物处理过程的影响及改进措施.吉林建筑工程学院学报.2007,24(2):29-33
3尹军,王宏哲,韦新东.城市污水热能利用技术及展望.吉林建筑工程学院报.2001,6(2):29-32
4周文忠,李建兴,涂光备.污水源热泵系统和污水冷热能利用前景分析.暖通空调.2004,34 (8):25-29
5马最良,姚杨,赵丽莹.污水源热泵系统的应用前景.中国给水排水.2003,19(7):41-43
6文一波.城市污水厂建设和运营费用的探讨.中国给水排水.1999,5(9) :17-19
7王宏哲.城市污水热能回收与利用的探讨.环境保护.2001,(11):44-45
8龙惟定,王长庆,丁文婷.试论中国的能源结构与空调冷热源的选择取向.暖通空调.2000,30(5):27-32
9 CADDET(The Center for the Analysis and Dissemi Nation of Demonstrated Energy Technologies).First DHC System in Japan Using Untreated Sewage as a Heat Source.Result 290,JP97.503/ 5X.D01,1997
10 IEAHPC(国际能源组织热泵中心).Heat sources.http:// www.Heat pump-centre.org/ About_heat_pumps / Heat_sources.asp
11吴荣华,孙德兴,张成虎.城市污水源热泵的应用与研究现状.哈尔滨工业大学报.2006,38(8):1326-1329
12 Lief Westin.Heat Pump Based on Sewage for District Heating.New Energy Confre Technology.1981,(3):45-49
13 DONGSOO J,HAK-JUN K,OOKJOONGK.A Study on the Performance of Multi Stage Heat Pumps Using Mixtures . International Journal of Refrigeration.1999,22:402-413
14李洪,曲云霞.污水源热泵技术及其应用.可再生能源.2006,(5):90-92
15 The Gas Association.Utilization of Untapped Energy.http:// www.gas. or. jp/ e-kankyo/ 2-1-2-1.html
16 Funamizu N,Iida M,Sakakura Y.Reuse of Heat Energy in Waste-water: Implementation Examples in Japan.Water Scienceand Technology.2001,10:277-286
17冯彦刚.城市污水低位热能回收利用的研究.工业用水与废水.2002, 33(1):10-12
18 Fumanizu N,Ogoshi M.Reuse of Wate Rand Heat Energy in Wastewater in Japan.21世纪国际城市污水处理及资源化发展战略研讨会与展览会会议论文.北京,2001
19 CADDET.Reduced Fouling of Sewage Water Heat Pumps.Demo 33,JP 93.501/5X H03,1995
20 YOSHI T. Technology for Utilizing Unused Low Temperature Difference Energy. Journal of the Japan Institute of Energy.2001,8:696-706
21王宏哲,尹军.城市污水热能回收与利用发展状况、评价和意义.中国环境管理.2001,(5):21-22
22周文忠.污水源热泵空调系统在污水处理厂的应用.暖通空调.2005,35(1):83-87
23尹军.城市污水中的热能回收与利用.中国给水排水.1998,14(2):53-54
24 T.Asano,M.Maeda.Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse.Overview and Implementation Examples.Wat.Sci.Tech.1996,36(11):219-226
25 Stijemstrom B.Feeding Large Heating Pumps from Sewage Water Treatment Plants. Proceedings of the International Conference on Applications and Efficiency of Heat Pump Systems.1991:183-192
26 NORIO A.Evaluation of Energy Use in District Heating and Cooling Plant Using Sewage and one Using Air as Heat Source. Joural of the Japan Institute of Energy,2000,5:446-454
27白莉.城市污水热能利用技术的实验研究.吉林大学博士学位论文.2001:20-45
28姚杨,宋艳,那威.污水源热泵系统中多级淋激式换热器的设计与分析.暖通空调.2007,37(3):63-67
29黄秀娟.板式换热器中流体的流动状况和传热机理分析.辽宁高职学报.2001,3(3):44-46
30杨海静,陆克.污水源热泵技术在密云污水处理厂的应用.网易暖通. http://co.163.com/r_p_2.htm
31何雪冰,刘宪英.热泵机组用板式冷凝器及蒸发器的选择计算.暖通空调.2001,31(6):58-61
32 Chen Yaping,Zhou Qiangtai,Shi Mingheng.Mathematical Model and Calculation for Heat Transfer during Condensation on Surfaces of Corrugated Plates.Journal of Southeast University.2003,19(4):347-351
33兰州石油机械研究所.板式换热器.北京:机械工业出版社.1968:97-98
34杨崇麟.板式换热器工程设计手册.北京:机械工业出版社.1994:17-20
35 Muley A,Manglik R M.Experimental Study of Turbulent Flow Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in a Plate Heat Exchanger With Chevron Plates.Journal of Heat Transfer.1999:121-124
36兰州石油机械研究所.板式换热器人字形波纹板片试验总结报告.1972
37宋艳.污水源热泵中多级淋激式换热器的设计及系统模拟.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2004:12-29
38杨善让,徐志明.换热设备的污垢与对策.北京:科学出版社.1995:184-187
39 Knudsen JG . Fouling of Heating Exchangers : Are We Solving the Problem.Chem Eng Prog.1989:63-69
40 A Cooper, J Suitor, J Usher. Cooling Water Fouling in Plate Heat Exchangers.Heat Transfer Engineering.1980:54-56
41崔茂佩.压缩机特性线的系数拟合法.热能动力工程.1999,14(1):43-46
42彦启森.空气调节用制冷技术.中国建筑工业出版社.1985:34-41
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44黄忠,丁勇,孙纯武.螺杆式压缩机容积效率计算方法的探讨.重庆大学学报.2002,25(8):118-119
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