再生水源热泵工程应用分析研究
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摘要
能源和环境问题是当今世界面临的重大挑战,寻找开发新能源和清洁可再生能源是各国迫切需要解决的问题。城市污水中所赋存的热能便是一种公认的尚未有效开发和利用的清洁能源,利用热泵技术可以回收城市污水中不能直接利用的低品位能量。城市污水源热泵具有节能、环保、节水和减少温室气体排放等诸多优点,属高效利用可再生能源技术的产品,可以大大降低一次能源的消耗。
城市污水有三种形式:原生污水、二级再生水和中水,本文将经过处理的城市污水统称为再生水。由于原生污水水质恶劣,水处理及换热装置比较复杂,所以本文所涉及的内容主要针对再生水而言。本文首先简单介绍了再生水水源热泵系统的工作原理及系统分类,论述了我国城市污水排放与处理现状,并分析了我国城市污水中可利用冷热能的潜力。
简述了20个我国已投入运行的再生水水源热泵系统工程实例;详细分析了各工程的水源情况、系统形式、运行效果、设备情况等,并进行工程对比分析;分析讨论了工程中出现的问题,并给出建议,为实际工程设计、运行管理提供参考。
系统设计的好坏直接关系到系统的运行效果和经济性。本文介绍了再生水水源热泵系统设计,重点是再生水换热器的设计。换热器设计包括换热器形式的选择、材料的选择、除污装置的选择等,根据再生水水源水质的特殊性,本文推荐采用管壳式换热器,并给出管壳式换热器考虑污垢热阻的设计方法,分析了管壳式换热器强化传热的手段以及适合管壳式换热器的清洗方式。最后给出一个工程设计实例。
本课题为“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目“建筑节能关键技术研究与示范”之课题六“水源地源热泵高效应用关键技术研究与示范”(2006BAJ01A06)的部分内容。
Energy and environment are the two greatest challenges our human beings facing nowadays, and it has been the most urgent responsibility to seek for new and renewable energy for nations all over the world. Thermal energy included in city sewage is universally considered a type of renewable energy without efficient exploration and utilization, with the help of heat pump systems, this type of low-grade energy which cannot be utilized directly would be reclaimed. Sewage-source heat pump owns many advantages such energy conservation, environmental friendly, water saving, decreasing emission of greenhouse gases, sewage-source heat pump is a sort of technique which can efficiently utilize renewable energy, and consequently reduce the depletion of primary energy.
There are three types of municipal sewage: raw sewage, secondary reclaimed water, and treated wastewater, in this paper, sewage which has been treated is totally called reclaimed water. Due to the bad quality of raw sewage, devices for water treatment and heat exchange are very complicated, so the contents of this paper mainly refer to reclaimed water. Firstly, in this paper, work concepts and classification of reclaimed-water-source heat pump are simply represented, statuses in quo of municipal drainage and treatment in our country are discoursed, the potential thermal energy can be utilized in municipal sewage of our country is analyzed.
In this paper, 20 practical reclaimed-water-source heat pump projects which have been applied into running are generalized; water sources, system types, running effectiveness, and related devices of these projects are analyzed, also comparisons between these projects are made, some conclusions are reached; problems appear during running of these projects are generalized, some useful advices are proposed.
Design of system is directly related to running effectiveness and economical efficiency of such system. In this paper, design of reclaimed-water-source heat pump systems is introduced, emphases on the design of reclaimed-water heat exchanger. The design of heat exchange includes: choosing of the type of heat exchanger, materials, trash-cleaning device, etc. According to the specific characteristics of reclaimed water, tube-to-tube heat exchanger is recommended in this paper. Finally, method for the design of tube-to-tube heat exchanger which takes fouling resistance into consideration is given; the augmented heat transfer approaches for tube-to-tube heat exchanger and washing methods which are suitable for tube-to-tube heat exchanger are analyzed; and design a real project.
This project is part of the National 11th Five-Year Plan to support major science and technology projects—The research and demonstration of key technologies for active apply of air source and ground source heat pumps (2006BA01A06).
城市污水有三种形式:原生污水、二级再生水和中水,本文将经过处理的城市污水统称为再生水。由于原生污水水质恶劣,水处理及换热装置比较复杂,所以本文所涉及的内容主要针对再生水而言。本文首先简单介绍了再生水水源热泵系统的工作原理及系统分类,论述了我国城市污水排放与处理现状,并分析了我国城市污水中可利用冷热能的潜力。
简述了20个我国已投入运行的再生水水源热泵系统工程实例;详细分析了各工程的水源情况、系统形式、运行效果、设备情况等,并进行工程对比分析;分析讨论了工程中出现的问题,并给出建议,为实际工程设计、运行管理提供参考。
系统设计的好坏直接关系到系统的运行效果和经济性。本文介绍了再生水水源热泵系统设计,重点是再生水换热器的设计。换热器设计包括换热器形式的选择、材料的选择、除污装置的选择等,根据再生水水源水质的特殊性,本文推荐采用管壳式换热器,并给出管壳式换热器考虑污垢热阻的设计方法,分析了管壳式换热器强化传热的手段以及适合管壳式换热器的清洗方式。最后给出一个工程设计实例。
本课题为“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目“建筑节能关键技术研究与示范”之课题六“水源地源热泵高效应用关键技术研究与示范”(2006BAJ01A06)的部分内容。
Energy and environment are the two greatest challenges our human beings facing nowadays, and it has been the most urgent responsibility to seek for new and renewable energy for nations all over the world. Thermal energy included in city sewage is universally considered a type of renewable energy without efficient exploration and utilization, with the help of heat pump systems, this type of low-grade energy which cannot be utilized directly would be reclaimed. Sewage-source heat pump owns many advantages such energy conservation, environmental friendly, water saving, decreasing emission of greenhouse gases, sewage-source heat pump is a sort of technique which can efficiently utilize renewable energy, and consequently reduce the depletion of primary energy.
There are three types of municipal sewage: raw sewage, secondary reclaimed water, and treated wastewater, in this paper, sewage which has been treated is totally called reclaimed water. Due to the bad quality of raw sewage, devices for water treatment and heat exchange are very complicated, so the contents of this paper mainly refer to reclaimed water. Firstly, in this paper, work concepts and classification of reclaimed-water-source heat pump are simply represented, statuses in quo of municipal drainage and treatment in our country are discoursed, the potential thermal energy can be utilized in municipal sewage of our country is analyzed.
In this paper, 20 practical reclaimed-water-source heat pump projects which have been applied into running are generalized; water sources, system types, running effectiveness, and related devices of these projects are analyzed, also comparisons between these projects are made, some conclusions are reached; problems appear during running of these projects are generalized, some useful advices are proposed.
Design of system is directly related to running effectiveness and economical efficiency of such system. In this paper, design of reclaimed-water-source heat pump systems is introduced, emphases on the design of reclaimed-water heat exchanger. The design of heat exchange includes: choosing of the type of heat exchanger, materials, trash-cleaning device, etc. According to the specific characteristics of reclaimed water, tube-to-tube heat exchanger is recommended in this paper. Finally, method for the design of tube-to-tube heat exchanger which takes fouling resistance into consideration is given; the augmented heat transfer approaches for tube-to-tube heat exchanger and washing methods which are suitable for tube-to-tube heat exchanger are analyzed; and design a real project.
This project is part of the National 11th Five-Year Plan to support major science and technology projects—The research and demonstration of key technologies for active apply of air source and ground source heat pumps (2006BA01A06).
引文
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