板格形导管架桩基码头结构承载特性与稳定性分析方法研究
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摘要
随着港口规模的扩大,港口建设从水文地质条件较好的港区岸线向外海深水区和淤泥质海岸发展。传统的码头结构形式对于深水情况及软土地基的适应性不好,板格形导管架桩基码头是适用于深水情况软土地基的新型码头结构形式。然而,新型码头结构在荷载作用下的承载机理、破坏模式尚不明确,在使用期的稳定性分析方法尚无规范和标准可循。为此,本文使用理论分析和有限元数值模拟的方法对新型码头的稳定性分析开展了一系列研究工作,主要内容和结论如下:
1、对新型板格形导管架桩基码头与防波堤的结构形式、构造及特点等进行了介绍,并与传统码头与防波堤结构型式进行了比较分析。
2、建立了板格形导管架桩基码头稳定性分析简化计算方法。其中包括基于重力式结构稳定性验算模式的板格形导管架桩基码头结构抗倾、抗滑稳定性简化计算模型,同时结合板格形导管架桩基码头结构的空间几何特性和受力特点,根据经典地基承载力理论,建立了新型码头结构的竖向承载力简化计算模型。
3、分析了各参数对板格形导管架桩基码头稳定性的影响。抗倾、抗滑稳定性安全系数随入土深度的增加先减小后增大,随桩基直径、桩基入土深度及土体性质参数增加而增大;地基承载力安全系数随上部构件入土深度、桩基直径、桩基入土深度及土体的内摩擦角、粘聚力、浮重度等参数的增加而增大。
4、以大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS为平台,建立了板格形导管架桩基码头结构三维弹塑性有限元分析模型。该有限元模型在板格与土之间、桩与土之间设置接触面单元以模拟它们之间的滑移、张裂和闭合,可进行结构内力、结构稳定性和地基承载力等计算分析。
5、选取天津港的地质资料,分别采用简化计算方法和有限元法分析板格形导管架桩基码头的稳定性。简化方法计算得到的稳定性安全系数表明结构安全。有限元数值计算方法时,根据变位判断结构失稳所得到的稳定性安全系数小于简化方法计算得到的稳定性安全系数,由极限承载力判别标准所得到的稳定性安全系数大于简化计算方法所得到的稳定性安全系数,但三个安全系数差别不大。在设计荷载与极限承载力状态下桩基上的最大轴向与切向应力均小于钢材的抗拉、抗压、抗剪强度设计值,这表明桩基在失稳时没有发生压坏或者是剪切破坏。
6、根据2004年沿海港口水工建筑工程定额计算了一组板格形导管架桩基结构的直接定额费。
With the expansion of harbor scale, the harbor construction development orientates from the old port area in better hydrological condition to the soft clay coast. Conventional form of port structure has weak adaptability for deep water depth and soft soil foundation, by contrast, plate panel type jacket wharf on pile foundation structure is a new form which adapts to such condition. Nevertheless, the bearing mechanism and failure pattern for the new port structure under the heaped loads remain unclear. In addition, there is no rule to follow for analyzing the stability of pile-supported plate panel type jacket wharf during its useful life. Therefore, this paper carries out series of research work for the stability analysis of the new port structure by using the methods of theoretical analysis and finite element numerical calculation. The main contents are as follows:
1、The form and disadvantages of conventional port and breakwater structure, new port and breakwater form proposed so far as well as the form, structure and characteristics of pile-supported plate panel type jacket wharf which this paper studies are introduced.
2、A simplified calculation method to the stability of pile-supported plate panel type jacket wharf is established, which includes the simplified calculation model of the anti-overturning and anti-sliding stability based on the checking mode of gravity structure stability. In addition, combined with spatial geometric characteristic and stress characteristic of pile-supported plate panel type jacket wharf structure, according to the classical bearing capacity theory, a vertical bearing capacity simplified model for the new structure is established.
3、The influence of variety of parameters on stability of pile-supported plate panel type jacket wharf is analyzed. With the increase of embedded depth, the stability safety factor of anti-overturning and anti-sliding firstly decreases and then increases. With the increase of pile foundation diameter, embedded depth and mass property parameter, the stability safety factor increases. With the increase of pile foundation diameter, embedded depth of upper interior components and pile foundation, as well as internal friction angle, cohesion, floating severe and other parameters, the safety factor of bearing capacity increases.
4、Pile-supported plate panel type jacket wharf is analyzed by finite element analysis. Through the general-purpose FEM software ABAQUS, how to establish A 3D elastic-plastic finite element model for stability analysis of pile-supported plate panel type jacket wharf is introduced.
5、According to the geological data of Tianjin Harbor, the stability applied analysis of pile-supported plate panel type jacket wharf is carried out by simplified calculation method and finite element method respectively. By means of the simplified calculation method, the stability safety factor obtained by consolidated quick shear strength index indicates that the structure is safe. By using finite element numerical calculation method, the stability safety factor obtained by structure instability displacement criteria is less than the one obtained by simplified calculation method. Moreover, the stability safety factor obtained by ultimate bearing capacity judging standard is larger than the one obtained by simplified calculation method. However, the three safety factors have little difference. Under the design load and ultimate bearing capacity conditions, the maximum axial and tangential stress on pile foundation are less than the design value of steel’s tensile, compression and shear resistance value, which indicates that the pile foundation doesn’t have compression or shear failure when the structure is unstable.
6、According to Project Quota of Costal Port Construction ,the project quota of one pile-supported plate panel type jacket is calculated.
1、对新型板格形导管架桩基码头与防波堤的结构形式、构造及特点等进行了介绍,并与传统码头与防波堤结构型式进行了比较分析。
2、建立了板格形导管架桩基码头稳定性分析简化计算方法。其中包括基于重力式结构稳定性验算模式的板格形导管架桩基码头结构抗倾、抗滑稳定性简化计算模型,同时结合板格形导管架桩基码头结构的空间几何特性和受力特点,根据经典地基承载力理论,建立了新型码头结构的竖向承载力简化计算模型。
3、分析了各参数对板格形导管架桩基码头稳定性的影响。抗倾、抗滑稳定性安全系数随入土深度的增加先减小后增大,随桩基直径、桩基入土深度及土体性质参数增加而增大;地基承载力安全系数随上部构件入土深度、桩基直径、桩基入土深度及土体的内摩擦角、粘聚力、浮重度等参数的增加而增大。
4、以大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS为平台,建立了板格形导管架桩基码头结构三维弹塑性有限元分析模型。该有限元模型在板格与土之间、桩与土之间设置接触面单元以模拟它们之间的滑移、张裂和闭合,可进行结构内力、结构稳定性和地基承载力等计算分析。
5、选取天津港的地质资料,分别采用简化计算方法和有限元法分析板格形导管架桩基码头的稳定性。简化方法计算得到的稳定性安全系数表明结构安全。有限元数值计算方法时,根据变位判断结构失稳所得到的稳定性安全系数小于简化方法计算得到的稳定性安全系数,由极限承载力判别标准所得到的稳定性安全系数大于简化计算方法所得到的稳定性安全系数,但三个安全系数差别不大。在设计荷载与极限承载力状态下桩基上的最大轴向与切向应力均小于钢材的抗拉、抗压、抗剪强度设计值,这表明桩基在失稳时没有发生压坏或者是剪切破坏。
6、根据2004年沿海港口水工建筑工程定额计算了一组板格形导管架桩基结构的直接定额费。
With the expansion of harbor scale, the harbor construction development orientates from the old port area in better hydrological condition to the soft clay coast. Conventional form of port structure has weak adaptability for deep water depth and soft soil foundation, by contrast, plate panel type jacket wharf on pile foundation structure is a new form which adapts to such condition. Nevertheless, the bearing mechanism and failure pattern for the new port structure under the heaped loads remain unclear. In addition, there is no rule to follow for analyzing the stability of pile-supported plate panel type jacket wharf during its useful life. Therefore, this paper carries out series of research work for the stability analysis of the new port structure by using the methods of theoretical analysis and finite element numerical calculation. The main contents are as follows:
1、The form and disadvantages of conventional port and breakwater structure, new port and breakwater form proposed so far as well as the form, structure and characteristics of pile-supported plate panel type jacket wharf which this paper studies are introduced.
2、A simplified calculation method to the stability of pile-supported plate panel type jacket wharf is established, which includes the simplified calculation model of the anti-overturning and anti-sliding stability based on the checking mode of gravity structure stability. In addition, combined with spatial geometric characteristic and stress characteristic of pile-supported plate panel type jacket wharf structure, according to the classical bearing capacity theory, a vertical bearing capacity simplified model for the new structure is established.
3、The influence of variety of parameters on stability of pile-supported plate panel type jacket wharf is analyzed. With the increase of embedded depth, the stability safety factor of anti-overturning and anti-sliding firstly decreases and then increases. With the increase of pile foundation diameter, embedded depth and mass property parameter, the stability safety factor increases. With the increase of pile foundation diameter, embedded depth of upper interior components and pile foundation, as well as internal friction angle, cohesion, floating severe and other parameters, the safety factor of bearing capacity increases.
4、Pile-supported plate panel type jacket wharf is analyzed by finite element analysis. Through the general-purpose FEM software ABAQUS, how to establish A 3D elastic-plastic finite element model for stability analysis of pile-supported plate panel type jacket wharf is introduced.
5、According to the geological data of Tianjin Harbor, the stability applied analysis of pile-supported plate panel type jacket wharf is carried out by simplified calculation method and finite element method respectively. By means of the simplified calculation method, the stability safety factor obtained by consolidated quick shear strength index indicates that the structure is safe. By using finite element numerical calculation method, the stability safety factor obtained by structure instability displacement criteria is less than the one obtained by simplified calculation method. Moreover, the stability safety factor obtained by ultimate bearing capacity judging standard is larger than the one obtained by simplified calculation method. However, the three safety factors have little difference. Under the design load and ultimate bearing capacity conditions, the maximum axial and tangential stress on pile foundation are less than the design value of steel’s tensile, compression and shear resistance value, which indicates that the pile foundation doesn’t have compression or shear failure when the structure is unstable.
6、According to Project Quota of Costal Port Construction ,the project quota of one pile-supported plate panel type jacket is calculated.
引文
[1]王元战,王海龙,付瑞清,沉入式大直径圆筒码头稳定性计算方法研究,岩土工程学报,2002,24(4):417~420
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[3]竺存红,邓冰,田双珠,沉入式大圆筒在深水码头结构中的应用研究有关问题探讨,水道港口,1997,(4):1~7
[4]万国才,大圆筒码头设计简介,港工技术,1999,(1):17~21
[5]王堃，整体箱板式新型高桩码头的结构设计：[硕士学位论文],大连;大连理工大学,2007
[6]曹源,大跨度悬链线拱式纵梁码头结构形式研究:[硕士学位论文],南京;河海大学,2007
[7]李静,史宏达,新型码头结构在我国港口工程中的应用,海岸工程,2009,28(4):48~58
[8]刘永绣,吴荔丹,李元音,一种新型码头结构形式-半遮帘式深水板桩码头的推出,港工技术,2005:16~19
[9]吕宁,蔡正银,徐光明,遮帘式板桩码头结构设计方案的优化与验证,港工技术,2005,6(2):22~24
[10]三航科研所,俞立新,周国然,新型双排大管桩码头结构形式研究,港工技术与管理,2004,(1):1~6
[11]黄长虹,韦灼彬,新型组合形式高桩码头可靠性分析,哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,39:690~693
[12]程泽坤,程培军,外海开场水域码头结构新型式,水运工程,2008,(420):35~40
[13]张鑫,沉入式大圆筒稳定性分析的简化及三维弹塑性有限元方法:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2007
[14]肖忠,软土地基上新型防波堤结构的稳定性分析:[博士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2009
[15]孔位学,郑颖人,赵尚毅,唐伯明,地基承载力的有限元计算及其在桥基中的应用,土木工程学报,2008,38(4):97~102
[16]王元战,祝振宇,张宝华,刘现鹏,高桩码头岸坡稳定有限元分析,海洋工程,2006,24(4):27~31
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[18]陆文发,近海导管架平台,北京:海洋出版社,1992
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[20]邱驹,港工建筑物,天津:天津大学洋出版社,2002
[21]谢世楞,半圆型防波堤的设计和研究进展,216~226
[22] Xie Shileng,Wave Forces on Semi-Circular Breakwater and Similar Structures ,China Ocean Engineering,1999,13(1):63~72
[23]谢善文,李元音,长江口深水航道治理工程中的新型半圆型导堤结构设计,水运工程,2006,(12):28~33
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[26]李欣,软土地基上的新型防波堤结构研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2006
[27]王元战,华蕾娜,祝振宇,软土地基条件下大型圆筒海岸结构稳定性计算方法,岩土力学,2005,26(1):41~45
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[2]陈福全,龚晓楠,竺存宏,大直径圆筒码头结构土压力性状模型试验,岩土工程学报,2002,24(1):72~75
[3]竺存红,邓冰,田双珠,沉入式大圆筒在深水码头结构中的应用研究有关问题探讨,水道港口,1997,(4):1~7
[4]万国才,大圆筒码头设计简介,港工技术,1999,(1):17~21
[5]王堃，整体箱板式新型高桩码头的结构设计：[硕士学位论文],大连;大连理工大学,2007
[6]曹源,大跨度悬链线拱式纵梁码头结构形式研究:[硕士学位论文],南京;河海大学,2007
[7]李静,史宏达,新型码头结构在我国港口工程中的应用,海岸工程,2009,28(4):48~58
[8]刘永绣,吴荔丹,李元音,一种新型码头结构形式-半遮帘式深水板桩码头的推出,港工技术,2005:16~19
[9]吕宁,蔡正银,徐光明,遮帘式板桩码头结构设计方案的优化与验证,港工技术,2005,6(2):22~24
[10]三航科研所,俞立新,周国然,新型双排大管桩码头结构形式研究,港工技术与管理,2004,(1):1~6
[11]黄长虹,韦灼彬,新型组合形式高桩码头可靠性分析,哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,39:690~693
[12]程泽坤,程培军,外海开场水域码头结构新型式,水运工程,2008,(420):35~40
[13]张鑫,沉入式大圆筒稳定性分析的简化及三维弹塑性有限元方法:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2007
[14]肖忠,软土地基上新型防波堤结构的稳定性分析:[博士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2009
[15]孔位学,郑颖人,赵尚毅,唐伯明,地基承载力的有限元计算及其在桥基中的应用,土木工程学报,2008,38(4):97~102
[16]王元战,祝振宇,张宝华,刘现鹏,高桩码头岸坡稳定有限元分析,海洋工程,2006,24(4):27~31
[17] American Petroleum Institute, Recommended practice for planning I,Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms, API Publishing Services: Washington, D. C., 2000
[18]陆文发,近海导管架平台,北京:海洋出版社,1992
[19]中华人民共和国交通部,JTJ290-98重力式码头设计与施工规范,中华人民共和国行业标准,北京:人民交通出版社,1998-4-20
[20]邱驹,港工建筑物,天津:天津大学洋出版社,2002
[21]谢世楞,半圆型防波堤的设计和研究进展,216~226
[22] Xie Shileng,Wave Forces on Semi-Circular Breakwater and Similar Structures ,China Ocean Engineering,1999,13(1):63~72
[23]谢善文,李元音,长江口深水航道治理工程中的新型半圆型导堤结构设计,水运工程,2006,(12):28~33
[24]吴进,谢善文,弧面格型结构防波堤,港工技术,2006,(3)26~28
[25]肖忠,王元战,及春宁,李元音,谢善文,筒型基础防波堤稳定性有限元数值分析,土木工程学报,2009,42(7)109~125
[26]李欣,软土地基上的新型防波堤结构研究:[硕士学位论文],天津;天津大学,2006
[27]王元战,华蕾娜,祝振宇,软土地基条件下大型圆筒海岸结构稳定性计算方法,岩土力学,2005,26(1):41~45
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