先进电力录波系统信息处理与数据压缩技术研究
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摘要
电力录波系统是为电力系统各种状态分析提供信息的主要设备之一,根据电力录波系统记录下来的数据,分析正常及故障状态下的电力系统的运行规律,对预防、处理故障都有极其重要的现实意义。随着电力系统互联和电力市场的发展,近年来电力系统出现了多次大面积、长过程、发展性的事故,对电力录波广域同步、数据吞吐能力、自动化程度等都提出了新的需求。本文分析以上要求,针对新一代电力录波系统关键技术开展研究。
研究电力录波系统的三层信息处理模型,基于此模型实现了基于GPS精确授时的同步数据采集、基于双级环型数据结构的DMA传输控制和基于高效数据压缩技术的数据存储与通信。实现了基于双级环型数据结构的DMA传输控制机制和总线间FIFO机制,有利于提高系统效率与平均无故障时间;采用采样保持与多路复用电路,实现同步采样,最终实现高速、高效率动态数据采集系统。
在电源管理系统方面,研究电力录波系统数字化电源管理方法。数字化DC-DC变换器控制律的计算采用浮点乘累加器,提出了基于查表法的定点-浮点、浮点-定点快速转换机制和一种针对数字控制的乘累加过程优化机制,提高了计算速度;提出了一种控制器时序和状态机优化机制,避免了数字控制计算、模数转换等过程产生的延迟;采用双模式DPWM解决DPWM分辨率和占空比调整频率之间的矛盾,实现了高动态响应、无极限环的稳定输出;针对开关电源对模数转换的噪声干扰,基于数字化DC-DC变换器精确的时序控制提出用采样时刻与PWM同步的方法进行噪声抑制,有利于数据压缩品质的提高。
在电力系统精确授时方面,提出用时间序列分析法基于GPS时钟和晶振时钟精度互补模型实现精确授时。通过IRIG-B同步解码获得原始时间序列,进而根据模型周期稳定性确定时间序列分析的最优时间尺度;由于外界干扰、天气等因素,GPS产生秒时标具有不可靠性,存在秒脉冲丢失现象而产生缺损值,偶尔会出现偏离真实值过大的现象而产生离群点,本文以原始时间序列的一阶差分序列为参考,基于53H法提出了一种实时判断缺损值和离群点的方法,消除缺损值和离群点对精确授时的不利影响。
精确授时采取两种方法,第一种方法是确定性分析方法,采用基于Cramer分解定理把原始时间序列分解为由多项式决定的确定性趋势成分和平稳的零均值误差成分,利用趋势成分进行外推实现精确授时;第二种方法采用随机性分析方法,分析原始序列的平稳性,建立ARI模型,用有限的样本序列进行模式识别得到高精度模型,基于此模型用自适应卡尔曼滤波进行预测,实现精确授时,进一步提高了授时和同步精度。
在以上研究基础上,针对数据传输瓶颈,本文分析电力系统采样数据特性,基于信息重组思想提出了一种电力系统超长采样序列二维压缩算法。针对电网频率的波动和非整周期采样造成的等间隔采样序列循环间和循环内信息的耦合,采用两种方法对算法进行改进,第一种方法是插值预处理法,采用样条插值方法对等间隔采样序列进行重采样转换为等相位采样序列,对重采样之后的数据进行信息重组和压缩;第二种方法是同步采样法,用同步采样法直接产生等相位采样序列,对等相位采样序列进行信息重组和压缩。
本文研究工作提升了电力录波系统的数据吞吐和处理能力,实现了精确授时与同步,适应了电力系统广域测量与控制的需求,满足了电力系统的发展需求。
Analyzing the system operation under normal and fault states according to the data provided by power system recorders is the key point for prevention and treatment of failure in power system. This paper investigates into the key technologies of power system recorders to develop new generation of power system recorders.
The dynamic data acquisition and processing unit of power system recorders is discussed and a three-level information processing model for power system recorder is proposed. Based on this model, the synchronous data acquisition based on high-precision GPS timing, DMA transfer control mechanism based on two-stage ring-type data structure and high-efficient data storage and transfer based on large ratio data compression technology are realized. The DMA transfer and an inter-bus FIFO mechanism are developed to improve the system efficiency and increase MTBF (mean time between failures). Sample and hold and multiplexing circuit are designed to realize multi-channel synchronized data acquisition. Eventually a high-efficiency data acquisition system combined with high-speed buffer, DMA and high-speed bus are realized.
Digital power management system is developed for power system recorders. A multi-output digital DC-DC converter is designed. DPWM based on second-order sigma-delta modulator is designed to avoid limit cycle. The controller uses floating-point multiply-accumulator as its operation unit. We developed fast integer-float and float-integer conversion mechanism based on look-up tables and a control law computing optimization mechanism to enhance floating-point operation speed, and further propose a controller timing and state machine optimization mechanism to avoid the delay generated by control law calculations, analog-digital conversion, etc.. Dual-mode compensator is implemented to resolve the contradiction between DPWM resolution and the duty cycle adjust frequency to achieve a high dynamic response, no limit cycle stable output. For the switching power supply interference on analog-digital conversion, a noise suppression method is proposed by sampling time synchronized with PWM period based on digital DC-DC converters.
Based on GPS clock and crystal oscillator clock accuracy complementary model, precise timing is achieved by time series analysis method. The original time series is generated by IRIG-B synchronized decoding. The time scale for time series analysis is determined according to period stability of the model. For the unreliability characteristic of GPS PPS, a real-time missing values and outliers judging method is proposed to make time-series analysis pre-processing.
Precise timing is achieved in two methods. The first one is based on Cramer decomposition theorem certainty analysis methods. The second is to use stochastic analysis, using stochastic analysis to establish time series ARI model, then the model is applied to adaptive kalman filtering to achieve precise timing. The second method can get higher precision than the first one.
A power system long sampling series two-dimensional data compression algorithm algorithm based on information reordering is proposed. In order to eliminate coupling of information-within-cycles and information-between-cycles of the asynchronous sampling data, spline interpolation methods is used to convert asynchronous sampling data into synchronous sampling data before data compression. The improved algorithm achieves large ratio data compression. An alternative synchronous sampling method is further proposed. Using synchronous sampling method to generate synchronous sampling data, then the sampling data is reordered and compressed. This method can also achieve large compression ratios, and the calculation speed is higher then the first one.
The research in this work enhanced the power system recorder data throughput and processing capacity and met the power system development needs.
研究电力录波系统的三层信息处理模型,基于此模型实现了基于GPS精确授时的同步数据采集、基于双级环型数据结构的DMA传输控制和基于高效数据压缩技术的数据存储与通信。实现了基于双级环型数据结构的DMA传输控制机制和总线间FIFO机制,有利于提高系统效率与平均无故障时间;采用采样保持与多路复用电路,实现同步采样,最终实现高速、高效率动态数据采集系统。
在电源管理系统方面,研究电力录波系统数字化电源管理方法。数字化DC-DC变换器控制律的计算采用浮点乘累加器,提出了基于查表法的定点-浮点、浮点-定点快速转换机制和一种针对数字控制的乘累加过程优化机制,提高了计算速度;提出了一种控制器时序和状态机优化机制,避免了数字控制计算、模数转换等过程产生的延迟;采用双模式DPWM解决DPWM分辨率和占空比调整频率之间的矛盾,实现了高动态响应、无极限环的稳定输出;针对开关电源对模数转换的噪声干扰,基于数字化DC-DC变换器精确的时序控制提出用采样时刻与PWM同步的方法进行噪声抑制,有利于数据压缩品质的提高。
在电力系统精确授时方面,提出用时间序列分析法基于GPS时钟和晶振时钟精度互补模型实现精确授时。通过IRIG-B同步解码获得原始时间序列,进而根据模型周期稳定性确定时间序列分析的最优时间尺度;由于外界干扰、天气等因素,GPS产生秒时标具有不可靠性,存在秒脉冲丢失现象而产生缺损值,偶尔会出现偏离真实值过大的现象而产生离群点,本文以原始时间序列的一阶差分序列为参考,基于53H法提出了一种实时判断缺损值和离群点的方法,消除缺损值和离群点对精确授时的不利影响。
精确授时采取两种方法,第一种方法是确定性分析方法,采用基于Cramer分解定理把原始时间序列分解为由多项式决定的确定性趋势成分和平稳的零均值误差成分,利用趋势成分进行外推实现精确授时;第二种方法采用随机性分析方法,分析原始序列的平稳性,建立ARI模型,用有限的样本序列进行模式识别得到高精度模型,基于此模型用自适应卡尔曼滤波进行预测,实现精确授时,进一步提高了授时和同步精度。
在以上研究基础上,针对数据传输瓶颈,本文分析电力系统采样数据特性,基于信息重组思想提出了一种电力系统超长采样序列二维压缩算法。针对电网频率的波动和非整周期采样造成的等间隔采样序列循环间和循环内信息的耦合,采用两种方法对算法进行改进,第一种方法是插值预处理法,采用样条插值方法对等间隔采样序列进行重采样转换为等相位采样序列,对重采样之后的数据进行信息重组和压缩;第二种方法是同步采样法,用同步采样法直接产生等相位采样序列,对等相位采样序列进行信息重组和压缩。
本文研究工作提升了电力录波系统的数据吞吐和处理能力,实现了精确授时与同步,适应了电力系统广域测量与控制的需求,满足了电力系统的发展需求。
Analyzing the system operation under normal and fault states according to the data provided by power system recorders is the key point for prevention and treatment of failure in power system. This paper investigates into the key technologies of power system recorders to develop new generation of power system recorders.
The dynamic data acquisition and processing unit of power system recorders is discussed and a three-level information processing model for power system recorder is proposed. Based on this model, the synchronous data acquisition based on high-precision GPS timing, DMA transfer control mechanism based on two-stage ring-type data structure and high-efficient data storage and transfer based on large ratio data compression technology are realized. The DMA transfer and an inter-bus FIFO mechanism are developed to improve the system efficiency and increase MTBF (mean time between failures). Sample and hold and multiplexing circuit are designed to realize multi-channel synchronized data acquisition. Eventually a high-efficiency data acquisition system combined with high-speed buffer, DMA and high-speed bus are realized.
Digital power management system is developed for power system recorders. A multi-output digital DC-DC converter is designed. DPWM based on second-order sigma-delta modulator is designed to avoid limit cycle. The controller uses floating-point multiply-accumulator as its operation unit. We developed fast integer-float and float-integer conversion mechanism based on look-up tables and a control law computing optimization mechanism to enhance floating-point operation speed, and further propose a controller timing and state machine optimization mechanism to avoid the delay generated by control law calculations, analog-digital conversion, etc.. Dual-mode compensator is implemented to resolve the contradiction between DPWM resolution and the duty cycle adjust frequency to achieve a high dynamic response, no limit cycle stable output. For the switching power supply interference on analog-digital conversion, a noise suppression method is proposed by sampling time synchronized with PWM period based on digital DC-DC converters.
Based on GPS clock and crystal oscillator clock accuracy complementary model, precise timing is achieved by time series analysis method. The original time series is generated by IRIG-B synchronized decoding. The time scale for time series analysis is determined according to period stability of the model. For the unreliability characteristic of GPS PPS, a real-time missing values and outliers judging method is proposed to make time-series analysis pre-processing.
Precise timing is achieved in two methods. The first one is based on Cramer decomposition theorem certainty analysis methods. The second is to use stochastic analysis, using stochastic analysis to establish time series ARI model, then the model is applied to adaptive kalman filtering to achieve precise timing. The second method can get higher precision than the first one.
A power system long sampling series two-dimensional data compression algorithm algorithm based on information reordering is proposed. In order to eliminate coupling of information-within-cycles and information-between-cycles of the asynchronous sampling data, spline interpolation methods is used to convert asynchronous sampling data into synchronous sampling data before data compression. The improved algorithm achieves large ratio data compression. An alternative synchronous sampling method is further proposed. Using synchronous sampling method to generate synchronous sampling data, then the sampling data is reordered and compressed. This method can also achieve large compression ratios, and the calculation speed is higher then the first one.
The research in this work enhanced the power system recorder data throughput and processing capacity and met the power system development needs.
引文
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