大断面箱涵泥浆套形成机理及作用效果研究
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摘要
顶推箱涵施工是箱涵通过既有建筑物或构筑物形成地下通道的一种重要工程技术。在箱涵顶进施工过程中,为了减小顶进推力和作用于周围土体的荷载,已经广泛应用土体与箱涵接触面注入膨润土浆液形成泥浆套的减阻技术。本文从认识注浆型接触面泥浆特性、试验揭示箱涵与土体接触面泥浆套形成机理、应用注浆劈裂理论分析接触面泥浆扩散传递范围、实际施工中应用泥浆套减阻技术等方面开展研究,取得了有益认识。
本文设计开发了一套能够真实模拟箱涵壁压注泥浆的仪器,通过试验模拟砂土和黄土与箱涵外侧壁接触面以及模拟注浆形成泥浆套,在不同密度和土压力条件下,测试了泥浆扩散范围和模式,分析了砂土及粘性土接触面泥浆扩散半径的影响因素和规律。同时,模拟箱涵外壁与浆土混合物之间的剪切作用,测量模拟面板与浆土混合物间的摩擦系数,得出了模拟面板与浆土混合物间的最大静摩擦系数以及滑动摩擦系数随质量比的变化规律。
膨润土泥浆具有触变性、渗透性、浸透性。膨润土泥浆膜具有隔离作用、减阻作用、防渗作用和支撑作用。致密土体的注浆是一个复杂的流体或颗粒体材料劈裂注入土体的过程,泥浆套的形成过程也包括三个主要阶段：压密阶段、劈裂流动阶段和被动土压密阶段。应用注浆劈裂理论分析了模拟注浆测试结果,测试结果与计算结果具有很好的一致性。表明在致密土体中箱涵顶进时应用该理论预测有效的注浆压力和泥浆传递扩散范围具有可靠性。
结合实际工程中顶推力的实际监测数据进行了分析。通过对比理论计算顶推力和实际测试结果,进一步验证了模拟试验中所得到的面板与各浆土混合物间的摩擦系数的合理性。
Jacting Box culvert Method is a very impotant technique which Pass the Existed building and Forms the underground Passage. The technology of Diminish the friction between box culver and soil have used extensively, In order to grow down the thrust and load of soil body. This paper got the beneficial cognition through learn the slurry characteristic property of the injecting interface, reveal the seepage mechanism of the slurry covering between the box culvert wall from the test, applying the theory of fracturing grouting analysis the slurry diffusion radius at interface.
The author designed a instrument which can simulate the process of injecting the slurry to the box culvert wall, then test the rule of the slurry jacket's formation and the diffusion radius in the different soil texture and different soil prussur, The analog experiment simulate the sand and loess. Analysed the laws and the factors that influences of the slurry diffusion radius at interface in sand and cohesive soil. Meantime, the author simulated the cutting bentonite mixture in the process of the box culvert-pushed and surveyed the friction coefficient of the simulated faceplate and all kinds of the mixture to obtain the rule of the change between the biggest coefficient of friction of the simulated faceplate and the mass ratio.
Bentonite slurry have the properties of thixotropy and penetrability. The Bentonite slurry film have the effect of segregant, diminish the friction, antiseepage and support. The grouting in low-permeability soil is a complex process of fracturing grouting about fluid or granule. There are three processes of slurry covering formation:densification, fracturing flowage and passive earth densification. applying the theory of fracturing grouting analysis the tests result. Test result and calculation bear fruit having very good compatibility. This indicated it is reliability that using the theory of fracturing grouting predicted the grouting press and the diffusion radius in jacting box culvert.
In the end,the author analysed the test data compare to the actual project. The formula to calculate the resistance of the box culvert was deduced.This task get a step further to confirm the correctness of the coefficient of friction obtained in the experiment.
本文设计开发了一套能够真实模拟箱涵壁压注泥浆的仪器,通过试验模拟砂土和黄土与箱涵外侧壁接触面以及模拟注浆形成泥浆套,在不同密度和土压力条件下,测试了泥浆扩散范围和模式,分析了砂土及粘性土接触面泥浆扩散半径的影响因素和规律。同时,模拟箱涵外壁与浆土混合物之间的剪切作用,测量模拟面板与浆土混合物间的摩擦系数,得出了模拟面板与浆土混合物间的最大静摩擦系数以及滑动摩擦系数随质量比的变化规律。
膨润土泥浆具有触变性、渗透性、浸透性。膨润土泥浆膜具有隔离作用、减阻作用、防渗作用和支撑作用。致密土体的注浆是一个复杂的流体或颗粒体材料劈裂注入土体的过程,泥浆套的形成过程也包括三个主要阶段：压密阶段、劈裂流动阶段和被动土压密阶段。应用注浆劈裂理论分析了模拟注浆测试结果,测试结果与计算结果具有很好的一致性。表明在致密土体中箱涵顶进时应用该理论预测有效的注浆压力和泥浆传递扩散范围具有可靠性。
结合实际工程中顶推力的实际监测数据进行了分析。通过对比理论计算顶推力和实际测试结果,进一步验证了模拟试验中所得到的面板与各浆土混合物间的摩擦系数的合理性。
Jacting Box culvert Method is a very impotant technique which Pass the Existed building and Forms the underground Passage. The technology of Diminish the friction between box culver and soil have used extensively, In order to grow down the thrust and load of soil body. This paper got the beneficial cognition through learn the slurry characteristic property of the injecting interface, reveal the seepage mechanism of the slurry covering between the box culvert wall from the test, applying the theory of fracturing grouting analysis the slurry diffusion radius at interface.
The author designed a instrument which can simulate the process of injecting the slurry to the box culvert wall, then test the rule of the slurry jacket's formation and the diffusion radius in the different soil texture and different soil prussur, The analog experiment simulate the sand and loess. Analysed the laws and the factors that influences of the slurry diffusion radius at interface in sand and cohesive soil. Meantime, the author simulated the cutting bentonite mixture in the process of the box culvert-pushed and surveyed the friction coefficient of the simulated faceplate and all kinds of the mixture to obtain the rule of the change between the biggest coefficient of friction of the simulated faceplate and the mass ratio.
Bentonite slurry have the properties of thixotropy and penetrability. The Bentonite slurry film have the effect of segregant, diminish the friction, antiseepage and support. The grouting in low-permeability soil is a complex process of fracturing grouting about fluid or granule. There are three processes of slurry covering formation:densification, fracturing flowage and passive earth densification. applying the theory of fracturing grouting analysis the tests result. Test result and calculation bear fruit having very good compatibility. This indicated it is reliability that using the theory of fracturing grouting predicted the grouting press and the diffusion radius in jacting box culvert.
In the end,the author analysed the test data compare to the actual project. The formula to calculate the resistance of the box culvert was deduced.This task get a step further to confirm the correctness of the coefficient of friction obtained in the experiment.
引文
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[2]殷宗泽、朱涨.土与结构材料接触面的变形及其数学模拟.岩土工程学报,1994,16(3)
[3]陈慧远.摩擦接触单元及其分析.水力学报,1985(4)
[4]胡黎明、濮家骝.土与结构物物理力学特性试验研究.岩土工程学报,2001,23(4)
[5]雷晓燕、杜庆华.接触摩擦单元理论及其应用.岩土工程学报,1994,16(3)
[6]张建民、张嘎.土体与结构动力相互作用研究进展.岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(1)
[7]张嘎、张建民.粗粒土与结构接触面单调力学特性的试验研究.岩土工程学报,2004,26(1)
[8]余彬泉.顶管施工技术.北京人民交通出版社,1997
[9]胡听、黄宏伟.顶管施工理学效应的数值模拟分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(3)
[10]魏纲、徐日庆.顶管施工中注浆减摩作用机理的研究.岩土力学,2004,25(6)
[11]鲍伏波、卢廷浩.接触面薄层单元祸合本构模型.水利学报,2002(2)
[12]张冬雾、卢廷浩.土与结构接触面模型的建立与应用.岩土工程学报,1998,20(6)
[13]胡黎明、淮家骆.土与结构物接触面损伤本构模型.岩土力学,2002,23(1)
[14]孙吉主、王勇.钙质砂的接触摩擦特性及其理论模型研究勘察科学技术,2004(5)
[15]王保田,朱珍德、张福海.花岗岩与混凝土胶结面抗剪强度的试验研究,岩土力学,2004,25(11)
[16]张丙印、付建、李全明.散粒体材料间接触面力学特性的单剪试验研究.岩土力学,2004,25(10)
[17]刘希亮、朱维申、李术才.高应力作用界面剪切性质的试验研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(3)
[18]简政、刘用暖、李九红.桩一土三维等厚度接触单元模型及其工作性状.水利学报,2002(11)
[19]廖雄华、李锡夔.关于土一结相互作用界面力学行为的数值模拟.计算力学学报,2002,19(4)
[20]杨水成、黄松梅、宋俐.岩石与混凝土三维界面裂隙断裂准则的试验研究.水利学报,2002(10)
[2l]张克绪、李锡夔、廖雄华.广义位移在土一结构相互作用问题分析中的应用.岩土工程学报,2001,23(6)
[22]赵光思、李婕、刘希亮.高应力下石英砂与不同结构接触面抗剪强度的试验研究.焦作工学院学报,2001,20(3)
[23]庞作会、葛修润、王水林.无网格迦辽金法(EFGM)模拟不连续面.工程地质学报,2000,8(3)
[24]陈文胜、冯夏庭、葛修润.基于静态松弛的一种广义界面单元方法.岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(1)
[25]强天驰、寇晓东、周维垣.三维有限元网格加密界面协调方法及在大坝开裂分析中的应用.岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(5)
[26]架茂田、田荣、杨庆,有限覆盖无单元法在岩土类弱拉型材料摩擦接触问题中的应用.岩土工程学报,2002,24(2)
[27]王书法.岩体不连续非线性变形分析的数值流形方法研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(3)
[28]郑宏.岩土力学中的几类非线性问题.岩石力学与工程学报,2001，20(3)
[29]郑宏、葛修润、岳中琦.界面问题的混合有限元法.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(1)
[30]蔡永昌、朱合华、李晓军一种用于锚杆支护数值模拟的单元处理方法.岩石力学与工程学报,2002,221；7)
[31]朱合华、丁文其、李晓军.盾构隧道施工力学性态模拟及工程应用.土木工程学报,2000,33(3)
[32]岩土注浆理论与工程实例协作组.岩土注浆理论与工程实例.北京：科学出版社,2001
[33]张凤祥、朱合华.盾构隧道.北京：人民交通出版社,2004
[34]杜嘉鸿.地下建筑注浆工程简明手册.北京：科学出版社,1992
[35]葛家良.注浆模拟试验及其应用的研究.岩土工程学报,1997,119(3)
[36]周东.盾构法隧道新型同步注浆应用研究.上海：同济大学硕士学位论文,2002
[37]Ymldmz Wasti, Z.Bahadmr Ozduzgun, Geomembrane geotextile interface shear properties as determined by inclined board and direct shear box tests, Geotextiles and Geomembrances, 2001
[38]Milligan G.W.E, Norris P., Pipe-soil interaction during pipe jacking. Proceedings of theInstitution of Civil Engineers. Geotechnical Engineering,1999,137(1)
[39]Jancsecz S., Steiner VV., Face support for a large mix-shield in heterogeneous groundconditions, Tunnelling, conference procedings, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy and British Tunnelling Society, London:Chapman and Hall,1994
[40]Jeferis S. A. Slurrids, Gouts, Chapter 48 of Construction Materials Reference Book, DoranD. K. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann,1992.
[41]Anagnostou G and Kovari K., Face stability in slurry and EPB shield tunneling, Tunnels and Tunnelling,1996,28(12)
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