弧面分度凸轮的数控加工原理与方法
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
空间分度凸轮机构具有结构紧凑、刚性好、传动精度高、可实现各种运动规律等优点,被广泛应用于各种自动机械和自动生产线上。
     本文针对弧面分度凸轮机构工作廓面是不可展面的特点和传统空间凸轮廓面等价加工方法存在的不足,着重研究了弧面分度凸轮机构的五坐标加工刀位规划方法。
     首先用共轭曲面理论和微分几何的包络理论,结合矩阵变换知识,推导出弧面分度凸轮的廓面方程。用MATLAB的绘图功能,得到了凸轮工作廓面的形状,在此基础上,分析了凸轮廓面的曲率,为刀位规划时选择刀具提供依据。在粗加工刀位规划阶段,利用三点偏置法求得刀具轴迹面上的点,并用准线为B样条曲线的直纹面来拟合刀具的轴迹面。
     然后建立拟合曲面和设计曲面等距面间的误差平方和最小为目标的最小二乘法模型,优化B样条的控制点以得到质量更好的刀具轴迹面。在精加工刀位规划阶段,采用两重包络法对凸轮廓面进行无理论几何误差刀位规划,并对刀具轨迹进行处理以避免空刀现象,从而防止加工过程中振动的出现。
     最后,用具体算例验证了所选方法的合理性和所得刀位的正确性。
Because of the advantages such as compact configuration, high rigidity, high precision and no restriction on follower motion laws, globoid cam mechanisms are widely used in automatic machinery and automatic production lines.
     Aiming at the character of globoid indexing cam's skew surface and the inefficiency of traditional manufacture method, this dissertation is focused on solving complex 5-axis NC machining process by taking the example of globoid indexing cam.
     Based on the theory of conjugating surfaces, the surface envelope theory of differential geometry and transformation matrix operator methods, the profile equation of the globoid indexing cam and the curvature of the globoid indexing cam have been derived. The figures of the globoid indexing cam's skew surface are generated by utilizing the MATLAB software.
     Consequently, For the cam's rough machining, the position and the orientation of the cutter's axis are obtained by using the TPO (three points offset). A new NC tool-path planning method has been given based on the least square optimization method and B-spline curve theory, which plays an important role in improving the precision of the cam's NC machining. For the finishing machining of globoid indexing cam, double envelope method without error in theory is used and special measures are taken to avoid undercutting and vibrating of the machining process.
     In the last, the process of NC machining is simulated by using the UG software and theCLData (cutter location data) are verified.
引文
[1] 张高峰,杨世平 弧面分度凸轮机构的研究与展望 机械传动,2003,27(3):1-4.
    [2] 石永刚,徐振华.凸轮机构设计.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1995.
    [3] 彭国勋,肖正扬.自动机械的凸轮机构设计.北京:机械工业出版社,1990.
    [4] 刘昌祺,(日)牧野洋,曹西京.凸轮机构设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
    [5] 赵韩,Olhoff N Lauristen S.凸轮机构运动几何学通用解析公式.机械工程学报,31(3):22-26.
    [6] 常宗瑜,张策,杨玉虎.用包络理论生成空间分度凸轮的啮合曲面.机械设计,17(2):10-11.
    [7] 何有钧.空间凸轮廓面的等距曲面设计理论及两重包络加工方法的研究.上海交通大学博士学位论文,2000.
    [8] 刘伟洪 魏修亭 刘海波等。弧面分度凸轮工作轮廓曲面数字化设计.农业机械学报.2007.38(7):125-128.
    [9] 李立冬 数控技术在飞机零件加工中的应用 工业技术 2007,11:12-13.
    [10] 邹慧君,何有钧,郭为忠.空间凸轮的两重包络法加工原理初探.机械传动,1999,23(4):32-34.
    [11] 杨延峰,张跃明等,弧面分度凸轮廓面的加工.现代制造工程2005,38(7):69-72.
    [12] 胡自化,张平,漆端,连续分度空间弧面凸轮的多轴数控加工工艺研究 中国机械工程 2005,16(24):2184-2187.
    [13] 周定伍,王建强,周上,弧面凸轮五轴联动数控行星磨削设备应用 数控设技术2001增刊,:52-54.
    [14] 刘华群,常宏敏,金作成.空间分度凸轮数控磨削及其控制.吉林工业大学学报,凸轮与机械专辑,2000,
    [15] 尹明富.空间凸轮机构设计、误差分析与单侧面加工理论及实验研:(博士学位论文).西安:西安理工大学,2003.
    [16] 程金石.弧面凸轮单侧加工原理初探.大连轻工业学院院报,1998,17(2):35-39.
    [17] 朱国文,彭芳瑜,周云飞.宽槽圆柱凸轮数控加工的研究.机械工艺师,2000,4:29-30.
    [18] 尹明富.空间凸轮误差分析及加工理论研究:(硕士论文).秦皇岛:燕山大学,1996.
    [19] Zhang Yi-tong, Lu Ling, Yin Ming-fu. Optimal Control Principle of Profile Errors of Machining of Cylinder Cam. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 1997, 10(3):176-181.
    [20] 刘鹄然.用圆弧插补加工圆柱凸轮的圆弧曲线.湖北工学院学报,1996,11(3):37-40.
    [21] 郑小光,尹佑盛,梁锡昌.四轴数控加工中心加工圆柱凸轮的计算处理方法.机电一体化,2000,38(429):10-11.
    [22] 陈立样,沈允文.空间凸轮数控加工进给速度修正及编程.机械工程学报,2000,36(12):85-88.
    [23] 王小椿,吴序堂,李艳斌.密切曲率法—一种自由曲面加工的新概念.西安交通大学学报,1992,26(5):51-58.
    [24] 曹利新,吴宏基,刘健.基于五坐标数控圆柱形刀具线接触加工自由曲面的几何原理.机械工程学报.2003,39(2):134-137.
    [25] Chuang-Jang Chiou, Yuan-shin Lee. A machining potential field approach tool path generation for muti-axis sculptured surface machining. Computer-Aided Design, 2002,34:357-371.
    [26] 刘牧,杨茂奎,霍颖 复杂曲面五坐标数控铣削表面粗糙度预测的关键技术研究 机械制造2005,11.
    [27] Yoon J-H, Pottmann H, Lee Y-S. Locally optimal cutting positions for 5-axis sculptured surface machining. Computer-Aided Design, 2003,35:69-81.
    [28] Vickers G W, Quan K W. Ball-mills versus end-mills for curved surface machining. Journal of Engineering for Industry, 111, 1989:22-26.
    [29] Fritz Rehsteiner. Collision-free five-axis milling fo twisted surfaces. Annals of the CIPP, 1993(42):457-461.
    [30] Liu XW. Five-axis NC cylindrical milling of sculptured surfaces. Computer-Aided Design, 1995,27(12):887-894.
    [31] Sanjeev Bedi, Stephen Mann, Cornelia Menzel. Flank milting with flat end cutter. Computer-Aided Design, 2003,35:293-300.
    [32] Chiou John C. J. Accurate tool position for five-axis ruled surface machining by swept envelope approach. Computer-Aided Design, 2004,36(10):967-974.
    [33] 赖大琴,李峰,孔德治等.计算机辅助加工直纹面的新方法.西安交通大学学报,1996,30(2):61-67,
    [34] Yuan-Shin Lee, Bahattin Koc. Ellipse-offset approach and inclined zig-zag method for multi-axis roughing of ruled surface pockets. Computer-Aided Design, 1998,30(12):957-971.
    [35] J-M Redonnet, W. Rubio, and G. Dessein. Side milling of ruled surfaces: Optimum positioning of the milling cutter and calculation of interference. International Journal for Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1998,14: 459-465.
    [36] D. M. rsay and M. J. Her. Accurate 5-axis machining of twisted ruled surfaces. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 2001,123:731-738.
    [37] Andrew Warkentina, Fathy Ismailb, Sanjeew Bedi. Comparison between multi-point and other 5-axis tool positioning strategies. International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2000,40:185-208.
    [38] N. Rao, Bedi S, Buchal R. Implementation of the principal-axis method for machining of complex surfaces, lnternational Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology.
    [39] 孙树峰.B样条在弧面分度凸轮设计与制造中的应用。兰州理工大学学报.2006,32(1):45-48.
    [40] 何有钧,邹慧君,郭为忠等.空间凸轮廓面的非等价加工方式的基本原理.制造·材料.2001,39(44):35-37.
    [41] 郭为忠 空间凸轮廓面非等价加工的基本原理 三峡大学学报.2001,23(2):159-104.
    [42] 梅向明,黄敬之 微分几何 高等教育出版社 1981.
    [43] R. S. Lee J.N. Lee A New Tool-Path Generation Method Using a Cylindrical End Mill for 5-Axis Machining of a Spatial Cam with a Conical Meshing Element Adv Manufacture Technology (2001) 18: 615-623.
    [44] 郭为忠.凸轮CAD/CAM中廓面自动设计与创成的离散建模理论及其应用[D].上海:上海交通大学,1999.
    [45] 何有钧,邹慧君,郭为忠等.空间凸轮廓面曲率分析的等距曲面方法.机械设计与研究2000,16(12):34-35.
    [46] 宫虎.五坐标数控加工运动几何学原理基础及刀位位规划原理与方法研究,大连理工大学(博士论文),2005.9.
    [47] 朱心雄等,自由曲线曲面造型技术.科学出版社,2000:88-89.
    [48] 施法中.计算机辅助几何设计与非均匀有理B样条,北京航空航天大字出版社.1994:228-318
    [49] 施吉林等.计算机科学与计算 高等教育出版社 2005.6:28-29.
    [50] 彭芳瑜,周济,周艳红,周云飞 基于最小二乘法的曲面生成算法研究 工程图学学报.1999,3:41-46.
    [51] 徐士良,常用算法程序集,清华大学出版社 2004.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700