山西省庞泉沟森林群落特征与景观格局特征分析的研究
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摘要
本文根据地面标准地调查结果结合遥感技术、地理信息系统技术，对庞泉沟地区的森林群落特征、景观格局特征及其动态变化过程进行了分析，并构建了健康评价指标体系，对庞泉沟森林景观健康进行了综合评价。
依据标准地调查结果，研究了庞泉沟地区森林群落的生长、更新、生物多样性、种群生态位、种间竞争强度、聚集强度等特征。结果表明：庞泉沟地区生物多样性高，五个典型群落中，草本层物种丰富度指数最高，其次是灌木层和乔木层。森林生长更新良好，云杉纯林内天然更新最好；从坡度上看，平缓坡上森林更新最好，其次是斜坡，再次是陡坡；从坡向上看，阴坡的更新较阳坡好。优势种群间生态位重叠值较大，相似性比例值较高。种内竞争表现为：华北落叶松种内＞云杉＞红桦＞白桦＞关帝柳＞花楸＞山杨。竞争强度与对象木胸径之间存在显著的幂函数非线性关系。在低海拔(1950m～2050m)及阳坡，集群分布为华北落叶松种群分布的主要特征，聚集强度较大，而在中高海拔(2050m～2250m)及阴坡，华北落叶松种群趋向随机分布，聚集强度减弱。
论文结合三期遥感数据，对庞泉沟地区的森林景观格局及其动态变化过程进行了分析，结果表明，有林地是庞泉沟地区景观的基质，在控制景观整体结构、功能和动态过程中起着主导作用。景观总体的异质性较高，景观类型较丰富。动态分析结果表明，有林地斑块平均规模逐步扩大，斑块形状逐步趋于复杂，但景观整体的多样性有所下降，均匀度指数也处于低水平，说明景观中的优势类型(华北落叶松林和云杉林)逐渐加强其优势地位，从而使景观总体的异质性有所下降。
本文提出了一套可行的适合庞泉沟地区森林景观健康评价指标体系，从景观异质性、斑块特征、生产力、组织结构、抵抗力、立地状况6个方面对庞泉沟森林景观健康现状进行评价。形成完整的包括指标体系、指标权重、综合评价模型、评价等级标准的评价方法。并对庞泉沟森林景观健康状况进行了综合评价，综合评分值为0.70，说明庞泉沟森林景观整体健康状况良好。
论文在森林景观健康指标构建方法、综合评价方法以及分析方法方面有自己的独特理解和创新，其分析评价方法及结果对庞泉沟地区林业生产经营活动以及我国现阶段的森林质量评价工作具有一定的借鉴意义和实际应用价值。
This paper, in accordance with the findings of ground survey in combination with the RS technology and GIS technology, the forest community in terms of its features, landscape special distribution as well as the dynamic process of Pangquangou area were analyzed to establish the health assessment indicator system for an integrated assessment of the forest landscape health condition of the locality.
In line with the findings of the control area surveys, the growth, regeneration, biodiversity, community ecological niche, inter-species competitive intensity, clustering intensity of the Pangquangou area forest community were studied. And the following conclusions were drawn. Pangquangou area contains high biodiversity. Among the five typical communities, the herb layer has the highest species richness index, followed by those of the shrub layer and the arbor layer. The better the forest growth and regeneration is , the better the pure spruce forest regenerated; The total quantity of forest regeneration rises first but then falls with the increase of the altitude; As far as the slope degree is concerned, the regeneration at the plain and less steep locations is better than that of the forest located at the steep slopes; With the aspect, the regeneration at the shady slope is better that of the sunny slope. The overlapping values of the ecological niche of the dominant communities are higher, with higher too the similarity proportional value. For the intra-species competition, the performance is: Larix principis-rupprechtii >spruce>Red Birch> White Birch >Guandi Willow>Catalpa>David poplar. The competitive intensity has obvious power funcitonnon-linear equation relation to the oak diameters. At sites of lower altitude (1950m -2050m) and the sunny slope, cluster distribution is the main feature is the distribution of the Larix principis-rupprechtii community, with high level of clustering while at the sites of high altitude (2050m- 2250m) and the shady slope, the Larix principis-rupprechtii community tends to distribute randomly with lower level of clustering.
With the data of three courses of RS, the paper conducted analysis to the forest landscape distribution and the dynamic process of the Pangquangou area, which concluded that the forested land as the base of the Pangquangou area landscape plays the dominant role in controlling the landscape general structure, functions and the dynamic processes. Locations with higher general landscape variation contains richer landscape types. The results of the dynamic analysis indicate that with the expansion of the average scale of the forested land patch, the form of the patch turns to be more complicated, the landscape diversity declined, and the uniformity index tended to be at the low level, explaining that the dominant types of the landscape (Larix principis-rupprechtii forest and the spruce forest) gradually strengthened its dominant positions to make the general landscape variation level lower.
A set of forest landscape health assessment indicator system suitable for Pangquangou area and in terms of the landscape variation, Patch features, productivity, organizational structure, resistance, site condition was set up for the assessment of the current Pangquangou area forest landscape health. Meanwhile, the integrated model of forest landscape health assessment was established to form the assessment method comprising indicator system, indicator weigh, integrated assessment model assessment grades. The model was adopted to make a integrated assessment for the Pangquangou area forest landscape health to get the general assessment score of 0.70, indicating a general good health condition of the Pangquangou area forest landscape.
The paper contained unique understanding and innovation in establishing method of forest landscape health indicator, integrated assessment and analysis methods, the analysis and assessment methods and results have certain contribution and practical application values to the forestry managerial and production activities in the Pangquangou area as well as the current forest quality assessment in China.
依据标准地调查结果，研究了庞泉沟地区森林群落的生长、更新、生物多样性、种群生态位、种间竞争强度、聚集强度等特征。结果表明：庞泉沟地区生物多样性高，五个典型群落中，草本层物种丰富度指数最高，其次是灌木层和乔木层。森林生长更新良好，云杉纯林内天然更新最好；从坡度上看，平缓坡上森林更新最好，其次是斜坡，再次是陡坡；从坡向上看，阴坡的更新较阳坡好。优势种群间生态位重叠值较大，相似性比例值较高。种内竞争表现为：华北落叶松种内＞云杉＞红桦＞白桦＞关帝柳＞花楸＞山杨。竞争强度与对象木胸径之间存在显著的幂函数非线性关系。在低海拔(1950m～2050m)及阳坡，集群分布为华北落叶松种群分布的主要特征，聚集强度较大，而在中高海拔(2050m～2250m)及阴坡，华北落叶松种群趋向随机分布，聚集强度减弱。
论文结合三期遥感数据，对庞泉沟地区的森林景观格局及其动态变化过程进行了分析，结果表明，有林地是庞泉沟地区景观的基质，在控制景观整体结构、功能和动态过程中起着主导作用。景观总体的异质性较高，景观类型较丰富。动态分析结果表明，有林地斑块平均规模逐步扩大，斑块形状逐步趋于复杂，但景观整体的多样性有所下降，均匀度指数也处于低水平，说明景观中的优势类型(华北落叶松林和云杉林)逐渐加强其优势地位，从而使景观总体的异质性有所下降。
本文提出了一套可行的适合庞泉沟地区森林景观健康评价指标体系，从景观异质性、斑块特征、生产力、组织结构、抵抗力、立地状况6个方面对庞泉沟森林景观健康现状进行评价。形成完整的包括指标体系、指标权重、综合评价模型、评价等级标准的评价方法。并对庞泉沟森林景观健康状况进行了综合评价，综合评分值为0.70，说明庞泉沟森林景观整体健康状况良好。
论文在森林景观健康指标构建方法、综合评价方法以及分析方法方面有自己的独特理解和创新，其分析评价方法及结果对庞泉沟地区林业生产经营活动以及我国现阶段的森林质量评价工作具有一定的借鉴意义和实际应用价值。
This paper, in accordance with the findings of ground survey in combination with the RS technology and GIS technology, the forest community in terms of its features, landscape special distribution as well as the dynamic process of Pangquangou area were analyzed to establish the health assessment indicator system for an integrated assessment of the forest landscape health condition of the locality.
In line with the findings of the control area surveys, the growth, regeneration, biodiversity, community ecological niche, inter-species competitive intensity, clustering intensity of the Pangquangou area forest community were studied. And the following conclusions were drawn. Pangquangou area contains high biodiversity. Among the five typical communities, the herb layer has the highest species richness index, followed by those of the shrub layer and the arbor layer. The better the forest growth and regeneration is , the better the pure spruce forest regenerated; The total quantity of forest regeneration rises first but then falls with the increase of the altitude; As far as the slope degree is concerned, the regeneration at the plain and less steep locations is better than that of the forest located at the steep slopes; With the aspect, the regeneration at the shady slope is better that of the sunny slope. The overlapping values of the ecological niche of the dominant communities are higher, with higher too the similarity proportional value. For the intra-species competition, the performance is: Larix principis-rupprechtii >spruce>Red Birch> White Birch >Guandi Willow>Catalpa>David poplar. The competitive intensity has obvious power funcitonnon-linear equation relation to the oak diameters. At sites of lower altitude (1950m -2050m) and the sunny slope, cluster distribution is the main feature is the distribution of the Larix principis-rupprechtii community, with high level of clustering while at the sites of high altitude (2050m- 2250m) and the shady slope, the Larix principis-rupprechtii community tends to distribute randomly with lower level of clustering.
With the data of three courses of RS, the paper conducted analysis to the forest landscape distribution and the dynamic process of the Pangquangou area, which concluded that the forested land as the base of the Pangquangou area landscape plays the dominant role in controlling the landscape general structure, functions and the dynamic processes. Locations with higher general landscape variation contains richer landscape types. The results of the dynamic analysis indicate that with the expansion of the average scale of the forested land patch, the form of the patch turns to be more complicated, the landscape diversity declined, and the uniformity index tended to be at the low level, explaining that the dominant types of the landscape (Larix principis-rupprechtii forest and the spruce forest) gradually strengthened its dominant positions to make the general landscape variation level lower.
A set of forest landscape health assessment indicator system suitable for Pangquangou area and in terms of the landscape variation, Patch features, productivity, organizational structure, resistance, site condition was set up for the assessment of the current Pangquangou area forest landscape health. Meanwhile, the integrated model of forest landscape health assessment was established to form the assessment method comprising indicator system, indicator weigh, integrated assessment model assessment grades. The model was adopted to make a integrated assessment for the Pangquangou area forest landscape health to get the general assessment score of 0.70, indicating a general good health condition of the Pangquangou area forest landscape.
The paper contained unique understanding and innovation in establishing method of forest landscape health indicator, integrated assessment and analysis methods, the analysis and assessment methods and results have certain contribution and practical application values to the forestry managerial and production activities in the Pangquangou area as well as the current forest quality assessment in China.
引文
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