扩展基础冲剪破坏特征和计算方法研究
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摘要
扩展基础的冲剪计算是建筑基础设计一个重要环节,本文总结了国内外关于冲剪问题的研究现状和设计方法,并针对ACI318、EN1992、GB50007的计算方法进行了算例对比分析,提出了需要进一步研究的问题。本课题研究的主要内容包括扩展基础的冲剪破坏特征；基础平面尺寸、基础配筋率以及偏心荷载对基础冲剪承载力的影响等。本次试验共设计了16个基础模型,得到了扩展基础的冲切剪切破坏特征,对各影响因素进行了分析,提出了基于计算截面在距柱边ho/2处的剪切计算方法的建议,为扩展基础的冲剪设计和规范修订提供依据和参考。
论文工作的主要研究成果如下：
(1)通过试验得到了扩展基础的冲剪破坏特征,验证了当基础宽度大于柱宽加两倍基础有效高度时,将发生冲切破坏；当基础宽度小于或等于柱宽加两倍基础有效高度时,若不配置抗剪钢筋,基础将发生剪切破坏；当配置抗剪钢筋时,基础将发生弯曲破坏。
(2)对于剪切破坏型的扩展基础,在中心荷载作用下其剪切破坏角约为55°,在偏心荷载作用下,偏心一侧的剪切破坏角约为60°,另一侧的破坏角约为50°；对于冲切破坏型的扩展基础,在中心荷载作用下冲切破坏角约为51°；在偏心荷载作用下,冲切破坏角分别为60°和48°左右。偏心荷载作用下,偏心方向一侧剪切破坏角大于中心荷载作用下的剪切破坏角。
(3)在本次试验条件下,剪切型基础混凝土发挥的抗剪强度在0.98MPa-1.45MPa范围内,即在0.59ft-0.8ft之间；冲切型基础混凝土发挥的抗剪强度在1.27MPa-2.09MPa范围内,即在0.75ft～1.31ft之间。剪切型基础混凝土抗剪强度的发挥程度低于冲切型基础混凝士抗剪强度的发挥程度。
(4)纵筋配筋率可以提高基础抗冲剪承载力,基于本次试验条件,平均提高约15%～20%左右。
(5)分析了基础板平面尺寸对基础抗冲剪承载力的影响,提出了考虑基础边长比影响的冲切承载力半经验公式；提出了计算截面在距柱边ho/2处的剪切验算建议方法。
(6)试验结果表明,将圆柱基础代换为方柱基础进行冲切验算时,若按等剪切面积换算,其冲切承载力基本接近；若按柱等面积换算,圆柱基础用方柱基础代替设计时偏于安全。
综合上述研究成果,本文的主要创新点如下
(1)通过试验得到了扩展基础的冲剪破坏特征,验证J’当基础宽度小于或等于柱宽加两倍基础有效高度时,基础将发生剪切破坏,当基础宽度大于柱宽加两倍基础有效高度时,将发生冲切破坏。
(2)偏心荷载作用下,偏心方向一侧剪切破坏角大于中心荷载作用下的剪切破坏角。
(3)基于本次试验条件,剪切型基础的混凝土抗剪强度在0.98MPa～1.45MPa范围内,即在0.59ft～0.88ft之间；冲切型基础的混凝土抗冲切强度在1.27MPa～2.09MPa范围内,即在0.75ft1.31ft之间；剪切型基础混凝土抗剪强度的发挥程度低于冲切型基础混凝土抗剪强度的发挥程度。
(4)分析了基础板平面尺寸对基础抗冲剪承载力的影响,提出了考虑基础边长比影响的冲切计算半经验公式,提出了基于计算截面在距柱边h0/2处的剪切验算方法的建议。
The shear calculation is a important procedure in design of spread foundation. This article summarized research situation and design method about questions of shearing at home and abroad, some examples are comparative analysis according to different codes(ACI318、EN1992、GB50007). Some problems which need to be studied further are put forward. The main content of this research include shear failure characteristics of extended foundation; impacts of foundation plane dimensions, reinforcement ratio and eccentric loads on shear bearing capacity and so on. Sixteen models of reinforced concrete foundation are designed. The punching shear failure characteristics of reinforced concrete foundation are achieved through model tests, various influential factors have been analyzed, also some advice of shear calculation method is put forward to provide some basis and reference for spread foundation punching shear design and specification revision.
The main research results are as follows through the test and data analysis:
(1) The shear failure characteristics of spread foundation are achieved through tests. It verify that punch failure will occur when the width of foundation is more than the column width pulsing double ho, when the foundation width is less than or equal to the column width pulsing double ho, the foundation without shear reinforcement will occur shear failure, the foundation with shear reinforcement will occur bending failure.
(2) The shear rupture angle is about fifty-five degrees for shear failure foundation under centric load, when there are eccentric loads, the rupture angle of eccentric side is about sixty degrees, the reverse side is fifty degrees; the punching shear rupture angle of foundation is about fifty-one degrees under central load, the punching shear rupture angle of eccentric side is bigger and the reverse side is smaller for punching foundation under eccentric load, the rupture angles are sixty degrees and forty-eight degrees respectively.
(3) The range of shearing strength of shear type foundation is at about0.98MPa to1.45MPa, which is between0.59ft and1.88ft under the condition of this test; the range of shearing strength of punching type foundation is at about1.27MPa to2.09MPa, which is between0.75ft and1.31ft. The shear strength level of development of concrete in shear type foundation is below that in punching type foundation.
(4) The reinforcement ratio can increase shear capacity of foundation. Base on the condition of this test, it may be increased about15%～20%averagely.
(5) The influence of plan dimensions of foundation plate on punching shear bearing capacity is analyzed. The semi-empirical formula of punching shear calculation considering influence of foundation side ratio is put forward; shear calculation formula is put forward according to the critical plane of ho/2.
(6) The result of experiment show that cylinder foundation is replaced by square column foundation when punching shear calculate, if according to equal of shear area, their punching shear capacity is approach; if according to equal area of column cross section, the calculation result is inclined to safe.
The main innovative results are as follows combined with the above research conclusion:
(1) The punching shear failure characteristics of spread foundation are achieved through tests. It verify that punch failure will occur when the width of foundation is more than the column width pulsing double ho, when the foundation width is less than or equal to the column width pulsing double ho, the foundation without shear reinforcement will occur shear failure.
(2) The rupture angle of side of eccentric direction is greater than the rupture angle of shear when centric load acts.
(3) The range of shear type foundation shearing strength is at about0.98MPa to1.45MPa, which is between0.59ft and1.88ft base on the condition of this test; the range of shearing strength of punching type foundation is at about1.27MPa to2.09MPa, which is between0.75ft and1.31ft. The shear strength level of development of concrete in shear type foundation is below that in punching type foundation.
(4) The influence of plan dimensions of foundation plate on punching shear bearing capacity is analyzed. The semi-empirical formula of punching shear calculation considering influence of foundation side ratio is put forward; shear calculation formula is put forward according to the critical plane of ho/2.
论文工作的主要研究成果如下：
(1)通过试验得到了扩展基础的冲剪破坏特征,验证了当基础宽度大于柱宽加两倍基础有效高度时,将发生冲切破坏；当基础宽度小于或等于柱宽加两倍基础有效高度时,若不配置抗剪钢筋,基础将发生剪切破坏；当配置抗剪钢筋时,基础将发生弯曲破坏。
(2)对于剪切破坏型的扩展基础,在中心荷载作用下其剪切破坏角约为55°,在偏心荷载作用下,偏心一侧的剪切破坏角约为60°,另一侧的破坏角约为50°；对于冲切破坏型的扩展基础,在中心荷载作用下冲切破坏角约为51°；在偏心荷载作用下,冲切破坏角分别为60°和48°左右。偏心荷载作用下,偏心方向一侧剪切破坏角大于中心荷载作用下的剪切破坏角。
(3)在本次试验条件下,剪切型基础混凝土发挥的抗剪强度在0.98MPa-1.45MPa范围内,即在0.59ft-0.8ft之间；冲切型基础混凝土发挥的抗剪强度在1.27MPa-2.09MPa范围内,即在0.75ft～1.31ft之间。剪切型基础混凝土抗剪强度的发挥程度低于冲切型基础混凝士抗剪强度的发挥程度。
(4)纵筋配筋率可以提高基础抗冲剪承载力,基于本次试验条件,平均提高约15%～20%左右。
(5)分析了基础板平面尺寸对基础抗冲剪承载力的影响,提出了考虑基础边长比影响的冲切承载力半经验公式；提出了计算截面在距柱边ho/2处的剪切验算建议方法。
(6)试验结果表明,将圆柱基础代换为方柱基础进行冲切验算时,若按等剪切面积换算,其冲切承载力基本接近；若按柱等面积换算,圆柱基础用方柱基础代替设计时偏于安全。
综合上述研究成果,本文的主要创新点如下
(1)通过试验得到了扩展基础的冲剪破坏特征,验证J’当基础宽度小于或等于柱宽加两倍基础有效高度时,基础将发生剪切破坏,当基础宽度大于柱宽加两倍基础有效高度时,将发生冲切破坏。
(2)偏心荷载作用下,偏心方向一侧剪切破坏角大于中心荷载作用下的剪切破坏角。
(3)基于本次试验条件,剪切型基础的混凝土抗剪强度在0.98MPa～1.45MPa范围内,即在0.59ft～0.88ft之间；冲切型基础的混凝土抗冲切强度在1.27MPa～2.09MPa范围内,即在0.75ft1.31ft之间；剪切型基础混凝土抗剪强度的发挥程度低于冲切型基础混凝土抗剪强度的发挥程度。
(4)分析了基础板平面尺寸对基础抗冲剪承载力的影响,提出了考虑基础边长比影响的冲切计算半经验公式,提出了基于计算截面在距柱边h0/2处的剪切验算方法的建议。
The shear calculation is a important procedure in design of spread foundation. This article summarized research situation and design method about questions of shearing at home and abroad, some examples are comparative analysis according to different codes(ACI318、EN1992、GB50007). Some problems which need to be studied further are put forward. The main content of this research include shear failure characteristics of extended foundation; impacts of foundation plane dimensions, reinforcement ratio and eccentric loads on shear bearing capacity and so on. Sixteen models of reinforced concrete foundation are designed. The punching shear failure characteristics of reinforced concrete foundation are achieved through model tests, various influential factors have been analyzed, also some advice of shear calculation method is put forward to provide some basis and reference for spread foundation punching shear design and specification revision.
The main research results are as follows through the test and data analysis:
(1) The shear failure characteristics of spread foundation are achieved through tests. It verify that punch failure will occur when the width of foundation is more than the column width pulsing double ho, when the foundation width is less than or equal to the column width pulsing double ho, the foundation without shear reinforcement will occur shear failure, the foundation with shear reinforcement will occur bending failure.
(2) The shear rupture angle is about fifty-five degrees for shear failure foundation under centric load, when there are eccentric loads, the rupture angle of eccentric side is about sixty degrees, the reverse side is fifty degrees; the punching shear rupture angle of foundation is about fifty-one degrees under central load, the punching shear rupture angle of eccentric side is bigger and the reverse side is smaller for punching foundation under eccentric load, the rupture angles are sixty degrees and forty-eight degrees respectively.
(3) The range of shearing strength of shear type foundation is at about0.98MPa to1.45MPa, which is between0.59ft and1.88ft under the condition of this test; the range of shearing strength of punching type foundation is at about1.27MPa to2.09MPa, which is between0.75ft and1.31ft. The shear strength level of development of concrete in shear type foundation is below that in punching type foundation.
(4) The reinforcement ratio can increase shear capacity of foundation. Base on the condition of this test, it may be increased about15%～20%averagely.
(5) The influence of plan dimensions of foundation plate on punching shear bearing capacity is analyzed. The semi-empirical formula of punching shear calculation considering influence of foundation side ratio is put forward; shear calculation formula is put forward according to the critical plane of ho/2.
(6) The result of experiment show that cylinder foundation is replaced by square column foundation when punching shear calculate, if according to equal of shear area, their punching shear capacity is approach; if according to equal area of column cross section, the calculation result is inclined to safe.
The main innovative results are as follows combined with the above research conclusion:
(1) The punching shear failure characteristics of spread foundation are achieved through tests. It verify that punch failure will occur when the width of foundation is more than the column width pulsing double ho, when the foundation width is less than or equal to the column width pulsing double ho, the foundation without shear reinforcement will occur shear failure.
(2) The rupture angle of side of eccentric direction is greater than the rupture angle of shear when centric load acts.
(3) The range of shear type foundation shearing strength is at about0.98MPa to1.45MPa, which is between0.59ft and1.88ft base on the condition of this test; the range of shearing strength of punching type foundation is at about1.27MPa to2.09MPa, which is between0.75ft and1.31ft. The shear strength level of development of concrete in shear type foundation is below that in punching type foundation.
(4) The influence of plan dimensions of foundation plate on punching shear bearing capacity is analyzed. The semi-empirical formula of punching shear calculation considering influence of foundation side ratio is put forward; shear calculation formula is put forward according to the critical plane of ho/2.
引文
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