新型吸附材料的制备及其对痕量金属离子吸附性能的研究
|
摘要
当今社会环境问题、食品安全、医药安全等问题日益严峻,严重影响着人们的生活质量,如何更为有效的进行环境、食品等领域的检测与监管,已经成为每个分析化学工作者的重大责任。在这些有害物质中,金属离子的污染不容忽视,由于金属离子种类繁多、价态多样以及易于变化的特点,使得检测工作的难度大大增加。在众多检测金属离子的方法中,固相萃取(SPE)以其操作简便、选择性高以及重现性好等优势,成为进行预富集分离检测的主要方法之一。传统单一的固相吸附材料在效率、选择特异性上存在不足,经过修饰改性的材料,因其引入了O、S、N、P等元素,使得分离富集的效率大大提升,已在金属离子分离富集检测方面有了诸多令人满意的科研成果。本文通过对活性炭、硅藻土等进行修饰改性,合成新型固相萃取的吸附剂材料,并对痕量的金属离子进行分离富集的研究。
1.用钙试剂(铬蓝黑R)负载改性活性炭制备出新型固相萃取吸附剂材料并将其应用于分离富集环境样品中痕量的Cr(Ⅲ)与Pb(Ⅱ)。通过静态和动态吸附试验优化各种实验条件,对最佳富集酸度、振荡时间、洗脱条件、吸附容量、方法的检出限和精密度以及实际样品的分析进行考察,得到了令人满意的结果。
2.合成了糠醛修饰的硅藻土新型固相萃取吸附剂,用于富集分离环境样品中痕量Cu(Ⅱ),并通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定。结果表明,在pH为4时吸附材料可以实现对二价铜离子的定量吸附,吸附容量为25.13mgg-1,检出限为0.19ng mL-1,富集因子为150。
3.将多壁碳纳米管用铜试剂(BZO)负载改性后用于分析检测液体样品中痕量的Cr(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)和Pb(Ⅱ)离子。实验结果表明,该方法对Cr(Ⅲ), Cu(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)和Pb(Ⅱ)离子的检出限分别为0.65、0.77、0.40以及0.45ng mL-1,相对标准偏差小于3.5%(n=8),得到了满意的分析结果。
In today's society, environmental issues, food and drugs safety have become a serious problem, which affected the quality of people's life badly and how to detect and supervise the environment and food have become a major responsibility of each analytical chemistry workers. In those harmful substances, metal ions pollution can't be ignored because metal ions possess many species, valence states and are easy to change, which increased the difficulty of the detection work. Solid phase extraction (SPE) has become the major method to the separation and preconcentration of metal ions because of its advantage of simple operation, high selectivity and good reproducibility detection of metal ions among so many other methords. The traditional solid phase adsorption materials is present problems in efficiency and the choice of specific, but the modified materials which introduced O, S, N, P and other elements, enhanced the efficiency of separation and preconcentration greatly and with satisfactory achievements in scientific research on metal ions. This paper shows that modified activated carbon or diatomite so as to form novel solid-phase extraction materials and do some research on trace metal ions'separation and preconcentration.
1Calcium reagent (Eriochrome Blue Black R) loaded and modified activated carbon to produce a new SPE sorbent material and apply to the separation and enrichment of trace Cr(Ⅲ) and Pb (Ⅱ) in environmental samples.Through static and dynamic adsorption experiments to examine the optimization of experimental conditions of the optimum preconcentration acidity, oscillation time, adsorption capacity, elution conditions, the detection limit and precision as well as the analysis of real samples and the satisfactory result was obtained.
2The synthesis of a new type of solid phase extraction adsorbent by using furfural modified diatomite, which was used to measure trace Cu (Ⅱ) in environmental samples and was detected by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results show that, at pH4, this adsorption material can achieve quantitative adsorption of Cu (Ⅱ) and its adsorption capacity is25.13mg g"1, the detection limit is0.19ng mL-1, enrichment factor is150.
3Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were loaded by copper reagent (BZO) to adsorb and analysis trace Cr (Ⅲ), Cu (Ⅱ), Fe (Ⅲ) and Pb (Ⅱ) in liquid samples. The experimental results show that this method can analysis trace Cr (Ⅲ), Cu (Ⅱ), Fe (Ⅲ) and Pb (Ⅱ) and the detection limit was0.65,0.77,0.40and0.45ng mL-1, respectively, the relative standard deviation is less than3.5%(n=8), the results were satisfactively.
1.用钙试剂(铬蓝黑R)负载改性活性炭制备出新型固相萃取吸附剂材料并将其应用于分离富集环境样品中痕量的Cr(Ⅲ)与Pb(Ⅱ)。通过静态和动态吸附试验优化各种实验条件,对最佳富集酸度、振荡时间、洗脱条件、吸附容量、方法的检出限和精密度以及实际样品的分析进行考察,得到了令人满意的结果。
2.合成了糠醛修饰的硅藻土新型固相萃取吸附剂,用于富集分离环境样品中痕量Cu(Ⅱ),并通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定。结果表明,在pH为4时吸附材料可以实现对二价铜离子的定量吸附,吸附容量为25.13mgg-1,检出限为0.19ng mL-1,富集因子为150。
3.将多壁碳纳米管用铜试剂(BZO)负载改性后用于分析检测液体样品中痕量的Cr(Ⅲ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)和Pb(Ⅱ)离子。实验结果表明,该方法对Cr(Ⅲ), Cu(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)和Pb(Ⅱ)离子的检出限分别为0.65、0.77、0.40以及0.45ng mL-1,相对标准偏差小于3.5%(n=8),得到了满意的分析结果。
In today's society, environmental issues, food and drugs safety have become a serious problem, which affected the quality of people's life badly and how to detect and supervise the environment and food have become a major responsibility of each analytical chemistry workers. In those harmful substances, metal ions pollution can't be ignored because metal ions possess many species, valence states and are easy to change, which increased the difficulty of the detection work. Solid phase extraction (SPE) has become the major method to the separation and preconcentration of metal ions because of its advantage of simple operation, high selectivity and good reproducibility detection of metal ions among so many other methords. The traditional solid phase adsorption materials is present problems in efficiency and the choice of specific, but the modified materials which introduced O, S, N, P and other elements, enhanced the efficiency of separation and preconcentration greatly and with satisfactory achievements in scientific research on metal ions. This paper shows that modified activated carbon or diatomite so as to form novel solid-phase extraction materials and do some research on trace metal ions'separation and preconcentration.
1Calcium reagent (Eriochrome Blue Black R) loaded and modified activated carbon to produce a new SPE sorbent material and apply to the separation and enrichment of trace Cr(Ⅲ) and Pb (Ⅱ) in environmental samples.Through static and dynamic adsorption experiments to examine the optimization of experimental conditions of the optimum preconcentration acidity, oscillation time, adsorption capacity, elution conditions, the detection limit and precision as well as the analysis of real samples and the satisfactory result was obtained.
2The synthesis of a new type of solid phase extraction adsorbent by using furfural modified diatomite, which was used to measure trace Cu (Ⅱ) in environmental samples and was detected by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results show that, at pH4, this adsorption material can achieve quantitative adsorption of Cu (Ⅱ) and its adsorption capacity is25.13mg g"1, the detection limit is0.19ng mL-1, enrichment factor is150.
3Multi-walled carbon nanotubes were loaded by copper reagent (BZO) to adsorb and analysis trace Cr (Ⅲ), Cu (Ⅱ), Fe (Ⅲ) and Pb (Ⅱ) in liquid samples. The experimental results show that this method can analysis trace Cr (Ⅲ), Cu (Ⅱ), Fe (Ⅲ) and Pb (Ⅱ) and the detection limit was0.65,0.77,0.40and0.45ng mL-1, respectively, the relative standard deviation is less than3.5%(n=8), the results were satisfactively.
引文
[1]余力,程光磊.金属离子分析技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社.2004.
[2]李成如.仪器分析的发展趋势及其在生物科学中的应用[J].安康学院学报.2007,19：96-98.
[3]杨珍.原子发射光谱分析方法的发展[J].山东大学学报.1985,1：65-77.
[4]鲍鸥.光谱分析在化学发展中的新进展[J].世界科学学报.1988,3：59.
[5]胡清.仪器分析的发展历程与现状总结[J].安徽科技学报,2004,10：48-49.
[6]李慧莲.化学光谱分析的应用[J].天津钢研.1984,6：18-22.
[7]王军,石玉香.分离富集的应用研究[M].河南大学自然科学出版社.2008.
[8]苏东,程圣湘.共沉淀分析检测方法的应用与进展[J].化学检验-化学分册.1999,35(5)：236-241.
[9]金鑫,刘松,陈武,毛琴.流动注射共沉淀预富集发以火焰原子吸收法测定痕量环境样品中的铜[J].化学检验-化学分册.1998,34,246-250.
[10]苏耀,夏青,谭臣,程一祥.镍-1-(2-咪唑偶氮)2-苯酚共沉淀分析检测碱金属盐中痕量汞及汞的原子吸收光谱测定[J].分析化学学报.1998,11：1391-1393.
[11]Alnso A., Almndral M.J., Porras M.J. Flow-injection solvent extraction with and without phase sepration:Flurimetric determiation of alumiium in water[J]. Anal. Chim. Acta.2001, 447(1-2):211-217.
[12]Anthmdis A.N., Zachaadis G.A., Faastelis C.G. On-line liquid-liquid extrction system using a new phase sepaator for flame atmic absorption spetrometric deterination of ultra-trace cadium in natural waters[J]. Talanta.2004,62(3):437-443.
[13]Antheidis A.N. Automatic sequntial injection liquid-liquid micro-extraction system for on-line flame atomicabsorption spectroetric determintion of trace metal in water samples[J]. Talanta.2008,77(2):541-545.
[14]Motizu S., Onoda M., Oshma M. Specrophtometric determination of potassium in river water based on solvent extration of the coplex formed with a cron ether and an aninic azo dye using flow injection[J]. Analyst.1988,113:743-746.
[15]Blnc T., Maniasso N., Gine M.F. Liquid-liquid extraction in flow injection analysis using an open-phase separator for the spectrophotometric determination of copper in plant digests[J]. Analyst.1998,123:191-193.
[16]Blas O.J., Paz J.L.P., Mendez J.H. Indirect deermnation of the pestiide dimetoxydithiophosphate in an FIA-AAS system with liqud-liquid back-extraction[J]. Talanta.1991,38(8):857-861.
[17]Koshma H., Onishi H. Sepaation of rhenium by extraction with crown ethers and flow-injction extraction-spectrphotometric determition with Brilliant Green[J]. Anal. Chim. Acta.1990,232:287-292.
[18]Bergain H., Medeiros J.X., Reis B.F. Solvent extrction in continous flow injection anlysis: Deterination of molydenum in plant aterial[J]. Anal. Chim. Acta.1978,101:9-16.
[19]Stazewska B., Halburda P., Kojlo A. Sudies and analytical appliation of reaction of imiprmine with chrome azurol S[J]. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.2002,30(3):553-560.
[20]Necova I., Rychlovsky P., Tomanova V. Extrction spectrophotoetric determination of lidocaine using flow injection analysis[J]. Anal. Lett.2001,34(14):2457-2464.
[21]Fosey L., Cantwell F.F. Charactrization of solvent extrction/flow injection analysis with constant pressure puping and determintion of procyclidne hydrochoride in tabets. Anal. Chem[J].1982,54:1693-1697.
[22]Kira K., Ikeani S., Sakmoto H. Applicability of Chrmogenic 14-Crown-4 Derivative to Extraction-Spectropotometric Flow Injectin Analysis for Lithim Ion in Blood Serum[J]. Anal. Sci.1988,4(2):221-222.
[23]Lucy C.A., Cantwell F.F.. Simltaneous determation of phenylephrine hydrochloride and phenramine malate in nasal spray by solvent extrction-flow injection analysis using two porous-membrane phase seprators and one phoometric detector[J]. Anal. Chem.1986, 58:2727-2731.
[24]Ali A. Ensafi, A. Benvidi, T. Khaymian. Deterination of Cadium and Zinc in Water and Alloys by Adsortion Strpping Voltammetry[J]. Anal. Lett.2004,37(3):447-462.
[25]Nieen S.C., Hansen E.H.. Interfacing flow injection analysis (sequential injection analysis) and electro-trmal atmic absoption spectroetry determination of trace-levels of Cr(VI) via on-line pre-concentrtion by adsorption in a knoted reator and by liquid-liquid extraction[J]. Anal. Chim. Acta.2000,422(1):47-62.
[26]Galinani M., Ayala C., Brunetto M.D. A simple strategy for deterining ethanol in all types of aloholic beverages based on its on-line liqud-liquid extraction with chloroform, using a flow injection system and Forier transfor infrared spectrometric detection in the mid-IR[J]. Talanta.2005,68(2):470-479.
[27]Buns D.T., Chimalee N., Harriot M.. Flow-injection extraction spectrohotometric determination of dichrmate with the tetramethylnebis(tripenylphoshonium)cation[J]. Anal. Chim. Acta.1989,225:241-246
[28]李超云.食品检测原理与技术的应用[M].上海：分析技术文献出版社.1987.
[29]王星,汪正范,牟芬,丁静.色谱分析样品欲分离富集处理[M].济南大学学报.2001.
[30]甘仁才,来雅文,段瑶,曹淑琴,郭勇,赵炳.DT-12型样离子交换树脂分离富集金铂钯[J].岩矿测试.2003,1(2)：113-114.
[31]Afkami A., Madakian T., Assl A.A. Solid phse extraction flame atmic absorption spectroetric determination of ulra-trace beryllum[J]. Anal Chim Acta.2001,437(1):17-25
[32]Mek Smolik, Agata Jakobik-Koon. Determnation of Microamoetry and Inuctively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrmetry durng Their Separaion by Ion Exchnge on Diphoix Chelaing Rsin[J]. Anal. Chem.2009,81(7):2688-2686.
[33]Kagol M., Zajac, J.Jones D. Porous Silica Materials Deriatized with Cu and Ag Cations for Selecti J.ve Propene-Propane Adsoption from the Gas Phase:Alumisilicate Ion-Exchnged Monoliths[J]. Chem. Mater.2004,16(20):3911-3918.
[34]Wng L., Tian C., Wang B. Controllable synhesis of graphitic carbon nanstructures from ion-exchnge resin-iron complex via solid-state pyrolysis process[J]. Chem. Commun.2008,35:5411-5413.
[35]Pierigi B., Cludio B., Giulano G, Recycling asymmetric hydrognation catalysts by their immobiliation onto ion-exchange resins[J]. Dalton Trans.2005,12:1783-1784.
[36]Jaes W.Jorgnson. New Dirctions in Electrophoretic Methods[M]. Chater 13.1987:182-234
[37]Yan Xu. Capillary electrophoresis[J]. Anal. Chem.1995,67(12):463-473.
[38]Sthen K.Dorn, Robert E.Fields, Hui Hu High Reslution Capillary Electrohoresis of Carbon Nanotubes[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2002,124(12):3169-3187..
[39]Srgey N.Krylov, Mxim Berezovski. Non-equilbrium capillary elctrophoresis of equilbrium mixtures—apprciation of kinetics in capillary elecrophoresis[J]. Analyst. 2003,128:571-575.
[40]Cadra A.Nesbitt, Ken K.-C. Yeung. In-capillary enrichment, proteolysis and separaion using capillary electrophoresis with discotinuous buffers:application on proeins with moderately acidic and basic isoelectric points[J]. Analyst.2009,134(1):65-71.
[41]Dwht R.Stoll, Peter W.Carr. Fast, Compehensive Two-Dimensonal HPLC Separtion of Tryptic Peptdes Based on High-Temprature HPLC[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2005, 127(14):5034-5037.
[42]Jith Handley. HPLC gets stemed heat[J]. Anal. Chem.2001,73(17):476B.
[43]Garau Y., avis I., Hasegwa J. Fluoometric TLC deternation of free and conjugated propranolol, naphthxylactic acid, and p-hydroxyproranolol in human plasma and urine[J]. J Pharm Sci. 1978,67(6):826-831.
[44]Ravi Bhhan, Charu Agarwal. Direct enaniomeric TLC resoution of dl-peniciilamine using (R)-mandelic acid and 1-tartaric acid as chiral impregnating reagets and as chiral mobile phase additive[J]. Biomed. Chromatogr.2008,22(11):1237-1242.
[45]Heko Haen, Dietrich A.Volmer. Rapid identifcation of siderophores by comined thin-layer chromatraphy/matrix-assisted laser desorption/ioniation mass spectometry[J]. Rapid Comun.s in Mass Spectrom.2005,19(5):711-720.
[46]John A.Pery, Thmas H.Jupille, Louis J.Glunz. TLC [thin-layer chromaography]. Programmed multiple develpment[J]. Anal. Chem.1975,47(l):65A-74a.
[47]Ute Disler, Marcel Hulswig, Jamal Souady Matching IR-MALDI-o-TOF Mass Spectrometry with the TLC Overlay Bindng Assay and Its Clinical Application for Tracing Tumor-Associated Glycosphinglipids in Hepatocllular and Pancreatic Cancer[J]. Anal. Chem.2008,80(6):1835-1846.
[48]南京大学.分析化学[M].高等教育出版社.1978.
[49]Fot G., Moto J.C., Pico Y. Solid-phase extrction in multi-resiue pesticide analysis of water[J].J. Chromatogr. A.1993,642(1-3):135-161.
[50]Drsler M. Extraction of trace aounts of organic comounds from water with poous organc polymers[J]. J Chromatogr. A.1979,165(2):167-206.
[51]Dion P, et al. Amerian Laboratory.1986,10:82.
[52]上海市医学化验所.临床生化检验(上)[M].上海：上海科技出版社.1979.
[53]Arthur C.L., Pawisz Y.N. Solid phase microetraction with themal desorption using fused silca optical fibers[J]. Anal. Chem.1990,62:2145-2148.
[54]娄伟,孙云等.固相萃取-液相色谱法测定工业荼酚中的2-乙基和2,4-三苯基-4-甲基-1-戊烯[J].色谱分析.2010,30(10)：1582-1585.
[55]饶静,尹军,周钧,周伟.固相微取-液质色谱分析一种新型发酵啤酒的特征风味组分[J].酿酒分析.2009,37(6)：38-42.
[56]赵雁,刘佳巧,胡一建.杨梅.新型多壁碳纳米管固相微萃取-液相色谱法测定义齿树脂中游离烯酸酯类[J].分析仪器.2010,5：55-60.
[57]庞峰.固相微萃取技术[J].环境科学导刊.2010,29(5)：97-100.
[58]Roald H.Scmidt, Karsten Haupt. Molecuarly Imprinted Polymer Films with Binding Properties Enhanced by the Reation-Induced Phase Separtion of a Sacriicial Polymeric Poroge[J]. Chem. Mater.2006,17(5):1007-1016.
[59]Steen C.Zimeman, N.Gabriel Lemcoff. Synthetic hosts via moleular impinting—are universal synthetic antibdies realisically possible[J]. Chem. Comun.2004,1:5-14.
[60]durdo C.F., Gustavo B.S., et al. Moleclarly imprinted polymers as analyte sequsters and selectve surfaces for easy ambint sonic-spray ionzation[J]. Anlyst,2011,135 (4):726-730.
[61]Mihael Subat, Andrew S.Borovik, Burkhard Konig. Synthetic Creatinine Receptor:Imprinting of a Lewis Acidic Zinc(II)cyclen Binding Site to Shape Its Molecular Recognition Selectivity[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2004,126(10):3185-3190.
[62]Hai-Juan Wang, Wen-Hui, Xiao-Fei Yin Tmplate Synthsized Moleclarly Imrinted Polymer Nantube Memranes for Chemical Separatons[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2006, 128(50):15954-15955
[63]Liu Y.W., Chang X.J., Dong Y. Highly selective detrmination of inorgnic mercury(Ⅱ) after preconcntration with Hg(II)-impinted diazoamnobenzene-vinylpridine copolymers[J]. Anal. Chim. Acta.2005,538():85-91.
[64]Sbhi E., Prem E.J., Babu T. Preconentrative sepaation of palladium(Ⅱ) using palladium(Ⅱ) ion-imprinted polymer paticles formed with different quioline deriatives and evaluation of biding paramters based on asorption isoterm models[J]. Talanta,2005,65(2):441-452.
[65]Zhang N., Jibrin S.S., Chromium(Ⅲ)-imprinted silica gel for specition anaysis of chomium in environmental water saples with ICP-MS detection[J]. Talanta.2008,75(2):536-543.
[66]张毅,胡玉玲,李科.分子印迹技术应用[J].分析测试学报.2008,27：215.
[67]Stafrd CG St,ClaireⅢRL, High-perfomance liquid chromtography analsis of the lactone and carboxylate forms of a topoisoerase I inhibitor in plasma[J]. J. Chromatogr. B.1995, 633:119.
[68]Zhang H,Zhou Z,Yang B The Influence of Carboxyl Groups on the Photoluminescence of Mercaptocarboxylic Acid-Stabilized CdTe Nanoparticles.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2003,107(1):8-13
[69]徐力,郭铁,解仁国等.水相合成CdS纳米晶标记牛血清白蛋白.功能材料与器件学报,2003,9(2)：2001-2004
[70]刘成阳,李德,邓航HPLC法结合固相萃取分离检测测定血浆中药物残留[J].药物分析杂志.2002,22(1)：28-30.
[71]张杰.固相萃取-高效液相色谱法快速测定苯莱英钠的血药浓度[J].中国新医药.2003,3(3)：42-45.
[72]R Gao, Z Hu, X Chang. Chemically modified activated carbon with 1-acylthiosemicarbazide for selective solid-phase extraction and preconcentration of trace Cu(Ⅱ), Hg(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) from water samples, Journal of hazardous materials,2009,172,
[73]高勤,刘英.固相萃取技术应用与进展[J].药学进展.1997,21(1)：8-13.
[74]Defrel D.L., Lemere F., Hoes L. Analysis of the DNA adducts of phenyl glycidyl ether in a calf thymus DNA hydrolysate by capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray mass specometry:evidence for phoshate alkylation[J]. Carcinogenesis.1998,19(6):1077-1086.
[75]Zhizhna G.P., Blyukhterova N.V. Biocemistry (Moscow).1997,62(1):88-94.
[76]Fiori M., Piedmnici E., Longo F. Identifcation of main corticosteoids as illegal feed additives in milk replacers by liquid chromtography-atmospheric presure chemical ioniation mass spectrometry[J]. J. Chromatogr. A.1998,807(2):219-227.
[77]Huang,B Hu, Silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles modified with y-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane for fast and selective solid phase extraction of trace amounts of Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb in environmental and biological samples prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Spectrochimica Acta Part B:Atomic Spectroscopy,2008,63,437-444.
[78]J Koh, Y Kwon,Y-N Pak, Separation and sensitive determination of arsenic species (As3+/As5+) using the yeast-immobilized column and hydride generation in ICP-AES, Microchemical journal,2005,80,195-199.
[79]Y K Agrawal,K R Sharma, Speciation, liquid-liquid extraction, sequential separation, preconcentration, transport and ICP-AES determination of Cr(III), Mo(VI) and W(VI) with calix-crown hydroxamic acid in high purity grade materials and environmental samples, Talanta,2005,67,112-120.
[80]A Detcheva,K H Grobecker, Determination of Hg, Cd, Mn, Pb and Sn in seafood by solid sampling Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry, Spectrochimica Acta Part B:Atomic Spectroscopy,2006,61,454-459.
[81]L Yang, R E Sturgeon, D Prince. Determination of vanadium in biological fluids using HR-ICP-MS, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,2002,17,1300-1303.
[82]F Sabermahani,M Ali Taher, Determination of trace amounts of cadmium and copper by atomic absorption spectrometry after simultaneous extraction and preconcentration using a new water-soluble polyacrylic acid/alumina sorbent, Microchimica Acta,2007,159, 117-123.
[83]J G Kralj, H R Sahoo,K F Jensen, Integrated continuous microfluidic liquid-liquid extraction, Lab on a Chip,2007,7,256-263.
[84]E Pehlivan,T Altun, The study of various parameters affecting the ion exchange of Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ from aqueous solution. Journal of hazardous materials,2006,134, 149-156.
[85]E Caro, R M Marce, F Borrull Application of molecularly imprinted polymers to solid-phase extraction of compounds from environmental and biological samples, TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry,2006,25,143-154.
[86]I Komjarova,R Blust, Comparison of liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction and co-precipitation preconcentration methods for the determination of cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc in seawater, Analytica chimica acta,2006,576,221-228.
[87]. B Mikula,B Puzio, Determination of trace metals by ICP-OES in plant materials after preconcentration of 1,10-phenanthroline complexes on activated carbon[J]. Talanta,2007, 71,136-140.
[88]Z Li, X Chang, X Zou Chemically-modified activated carbon with ethylenediamine for selective solid-phase extraction and preconcentration of metal ions, Analytica chimica acta, 2009,632,272-277.
[89]Li D.D., Chang X.J. Samarium(Ⅲ) adsorption on bentonite modified with N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine[J]. Talanta.2011(83):1742-1747.
[90]Alivisatos A P.Semiconductor Clusters,Nanocrystals,and Quantum Dots. Science,1996,271(5251):933-937
[91]Michalet X,Pinaud F F,Bentolila L A Quantum Dots for Live Cells,in Vivo Imaging,and Diagnostics.Science,2005,307(5709):538-544
[92]Larson D R,Zipfel W R,Williams R M Water-soluble Quantum Dots for Multiphoton Fluorescence Imaging in Vivo.Science,2003,300(5624):1434-1436
[93]Wang Y and Herron N.Nanometer-sized Semiconductor Clusters:Materials Synthesis,Quantum Size Effects,and Photophysical Properties.Journal of Physical Chemistry,1991,95(2):525-532
[94]Alivisatos A P.Perspectives on the Physical Chemistry of Semiconductor Nanocrystals.Journal of Physical Chemistry,1996,100(31):13226-13239
[95]Chestnoy N,Hull H R and Brus L E.Luminescence and Photophysics of Cadmium Sulfide Semiconductor Clusters:the Nature of the Emitting Electronic State.Journal of Physical Chemistry,1986,90(15):3393-3399
[96]Klimov V I.Nanocrystal Quantum Dots:From Fundamental Photophysics to Multicolor Lasing.Los Alamos Science,2003,28:214-220
[97]Brus L.Electronic Wave Functions in Semiconductor Clusters:Experiment and Theory.Journal of Physical Chemistry,1986,90(112):2555-2560
[98]Cao Y W,Banin U.Growth and Properties of Semiconductor Core/Shell Nanocrystals with InAs Cores.Journal of the American Chemical Society,2000 122(40):9692-9702
[99]Dabbousi B O,Rodriguez V J,Mikulec F V. (CdSe)ZnS Core-Shell Quantum Dots:Synthesis and Characterization of a Size Series of Highly Luminescent Nanocrystallites.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,1997,101(46):9463-9475
[100]Brus L.Chemical Approaches to Semiconductor Nanocrystals.Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids,1998,59(4):459-465
[101]Han M Y,Gao X H,Su J Z Quantum-dot-tagged Microbeads for Multiplexed Optical Coding of Biomolecules.Nature Biotechnology,2001,19(7):631-635
[102]Spanhel L,Haase M,Weller H Photochemistry of Colloidal Semiconductors Surface Modification and Stability of Strong Luminescing CdS Particles.Journal of the American Chemistry Society,1987,109(19):5649-5655
[103]Vossmeyer T,Katsikas L and Weller H.CdS Nanoclusters:Synthesis Characterization Size Dependent Oscillator Strength Temperature Shift of the Excitonic Transition Energy and Reversible Absorbance Shift.Journal of Physical Chemistry,1994,98(31):7665-7673
[104]Rogach A L,Gao M Y, Weller H Synthesis and Characterization of a Size Series of Extremely Small Thiol-Stabilized CdSe Nanocrystals.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,1999,103(16):3065-3069
[105]Gaponik N L,Talapin D V,Weller H Thiol-Capping of CdTe Nanocrystals:An Alternative to Organometallic Synthetic Routes.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2002,106(29):7177-7185
[106]Lu G., Jun H.W. Determination of trace methotrexate and 7-OH-methotrixate in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection[J]. J. Liq. Chromatogr. 1995,18(1):155-171.
[107]Stafford C. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the lactone and carboxylate forms of a topoisomerase I inhibitor in plasma[J]. J. Chromatogr. B.1995, 633:119.
[108]陈骏,王睿,王静.固相萃取HPLC检测生物样品中甲苯磺丁腺和代谢产物及其人体药代动力学研究[J].药物分析杂志.2005,25(1)：50-54.
[109]丁劲松,彭文兴,张祖.固相萃取结合HPLC-MS测定人血浆中奥曲肽的浓度及相对生物利用度[J].药学学报.2004,16(7)：62-65.
[110]张毕奎,李焕德,邓航.柱前衍生HPLC法结合固相萃取测定血浆中卡托普利[J].药物分析杂志.2002,22(1)：28-30.
[111]王丽梅.固相萃取-HPLC法快速测定苯妥英钠及卡马西平的血药浓度[J].中国新医药.2003,3(3)：42-45.
[112]Chen H.J., Zhang L., Cox J. DNA Adducts of 2,3-Epoxy-4-hydroxynonanal:Detection of 7-(1',2'-Dihydroxyheptyl)-3H-imidazo[2,1-i]purine and 1,N6-Ethenoadenine by Gas Chromatography/Negative Ion Chemical Ionization/Mass Spectrometry[J]. Chem. Res. Toxicol.1998,11(12):1474.
[113]高立勤,刘文英.固相萃取技术及其在生物样本分析中的应用与进展[J].药学进展.1997,21(1)：8-13.
[114]Deforcel D.L., Lemiere F., Hoes L. Analysis of the DNA adducts of phenyl glycidyl ether in a calf thymus DNA hydrolysate by capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry:evidence for phosphate alkylation[J]. Carcinogenesis.1998,19(6):1077-1086.
[115]Zhizhina G.P., Blyukhterova N.V. Biochemistry (Moscow).1997,62(1):88-94.
[116]Fiori M., Pierdminici E., Longo F. Identification of main corticosteroids as illegal feed additives in milk replacers by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry [J]. J. Chromatogr. A.1998,807(2):219-227.
[117]鲁杰,杨大进,方从容.固相萃取-高效液相色谱法用于保健食品中违禁添加物枸橼酸西地那非的分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志.2007,17(9)：36-38.
[118]林春晓,部昌松,李红华.保健食品中雌二醇激素的固相萃取反相高效液相色潜测定法[J].职业与健康.2003,19(9)：51-52.
[119]李俊,郭晓关,任玉娟,王震.蔬菜水果中农药残留检测方法的优化[J].贵州农业科学.2010,38(8)：246-249.
[120]张燕,郭天鑫,于姣等.离子交换固相萃取高效液相色谱联用法检测食品中的5-羟甲基糠醛[J].食品科学.2010,31(18)：212-215.
[121]黄武,章晶晶,郁小朴,孙艳波.固相萃取—高效液相色谱法检测鱼粉中三聚氰胺[J].2010,38(8)：192-194.
[122]叶贞福.高效液相色谱法分析水中多环芳烃(]PAHs) [J]厦门科技.1999,(4)：38.
[123]林雨君,解光武,徐小静,贾静.固相膜萃取-气相色谱／离子阱质谱法测定水中17种多环芳烃[J].广州化工.2010,37(5)：210-214.
[124]何淼.固相萃取技术在环境有机污染物分析中的应用[硕士论文].北京：中国地质科学院.2007.
[125]王琳玉,刘国宏,张新荣.纳米TiO2固相萃取电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定雪水中的痕量金属离子[J].分析化学.2004,32：1006-1010.
[126]Chai X.L., Chang X.J. Solid phase extraction of trace Hg(Ⅱ) on silica gel modified with 2-(2-oxoethyl)hydrazine carbothioamide and determination by ICP-AES[J].Talanta. 2011(83):1791-1796.
[1]刘成,高乃云,黄廷林.活性炭的表面化学改性研究进展[J].净水技术.2005,24(4)：50-52.
[2]Spanhel L,Haase M,Weller H Photochemistry of Colloidal Semiconductors Surface Modification and Stability of Strong Luminescing CdS Particles.Journal of the American Chemistry Society,1987,109(19):5649-5655.
[3]Vossmeyer T,Katsikas L and Weller H.CdS Nanoclusters:Synthesis Characterization Size Dependent Oscillator Strength Temperature Shift of the Excitonic Transition Energy and Reversible Absorbance Shift. Journal of Physical Chemistry,1994,98(31):7665-7666.
[4]Gaponik N L,Talapin D V,Weller H,et al.Thiol-Capping of CdTe Nanocrystals:An Alternative to Organometallic Synthetic Routes.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2002,106(29):7177-7185.
[5]Gao M,Rogach A L,Kornowski A Strongly Photoluminescent CdTe Nanocrystals by Proper Surface Modification.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,1998,102(43):8360-8363
[6]Zhang H,Zhou Z,Yang B The Influence of Carboxyl Groups on the Photoluminescence of Mercaptocarboxylic Acid-Stabilized CdTe Nanoparticles.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2003,107(1):8-13
[7]刘守新,隋淑娟,孙承林.臭氧化对活性炭表面化学结构及Cr6+吸附性质的影响[J].林产化工业.2006,26(1)：33-36.
[8]Su W., Zhou Y.P., Wei L.F. Effect of microstructure and surface modification on the hydrogen adsorption capacity of active carbons[J]. New Carbon Materials.2007, 22(2):135-140.
[9]Valdes H., Sanchez M., Rivera J. Effect of Ozone Treatment on Surface Properties of Activated Carbon[J]. Langmuir.2002,18(6):2111-2116.
[10]Chestnoy N,Hull H R and Brus L E.Luminescence and Photophysics of Cadmium Sulfide Semiconductor Clusters:the Nature of the Emitting Electronic State.Journal of Physical Chemistry,1986,90(15):3393-3399.
[11]Klimov V I.Nanocrystal Quantum Dots:From Fundamental Photophysics to Multicolor Lasing.Los Alamos Science,2003,28:214-220.
[12]Brus L.Electronic Wave Functions in Semiconductor Clusters:Experiment and Theory.Journal of Physical Chemistry,1986,90(112):2555-2560.
[13]Cao Y W,Banin U.Growth and Properties of Semiconductor Core/Shell Nanocrystals with InAs Cores.Journal of the American Chemical Society,2000 122(40):9692-9702.
[14]Dabbousi B O,Rodriguez V J,Mikulec F V (CdSe)ZnS Core-Shell Quantum Dots:Synthesis and Characterization of a Size Series of Highly Luminescent Nanocrystallites.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,1997,101(46):9463-9475.
[15]Brus L.Chemical Approaches to Semiconductor Nanocrystals.Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids,1998,59(4):459-465.
[16]Han M Y,Gao X H,Su J Z Quantum-dot-tagged Microbeads for Multiplexed Optical Coding of Biomolecules.Nature Biotechnology,2001,19(7):631-635 [16] Huang C.P., Vane L.M. Enhancing As5+ Removal by a Fe2+-treat Activated Carbon[J]. J. Water Pollut. Contam. Fed. 1989,61(9):1596-1603.
[17]Leyva Ramos R., Ovalle-Turrubiartes J., Sanchez-Castillo M.A. Adsorption of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution on Aluminium-Impregnated Carbon[J]. Carbon.1999,37(4):609-617.
[18]Hsu L.Y., Teng H. Influence of difference chemical reagents on the preparation of activated carbons from bituminous coal [J]. Fuel Proc Tech.2000,64(2):155
[1]Giustetto R., Xamena F.X.L., G.Ricchiardi, et al. Maya Blue:A Computational and Spectroscopic Study[J]. J. Phys. Chem. B.2005,109(41):19360-19368.
[2]Huang J., Liu Y., Jin Q., et al. Adsorption studies of a water soluble dye, Reactive Red MF-3B, using sonication-surfactant-modified attapulgite clay[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.2007, 143(1-2):541-548.
[3]周济元,顾金龙,周茂等.硅藻土石粘土应用现状及高附加值产品的开发[J].非金属矿.2002(2)：4-6
[4]周杰,刘宁.硅藻土石粘土的显微结构特征[J].硅酸盐通报.1999,6：50-54.
[5]Bradley W.F. The structural scheme of attapulgite[J]. American mineralogist.1940, 25(6):405-410.
[6]Xu J.M., Li W., Yin Q.F. Direct electrochemistry of Cytochromec on natural nano-attapulgite clay modified electrode and its electrocatalytic reduction for H2O2[J]. Electrochimiea Acta. 2007, (52):3601-3606.
[7]Liu Y.S., Liu P., Su Z.X. Attapulgite-Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles via co-precipitation technique[J]. Applied Surface Science.2008,255(5):2020-2025.
[8]Buchholz F.L., Graham A.T. Modern Superabsorbent Polymer Technology[M]. Wiley-VCH: New York.1998.1-152.
[9]Sun X.H., Zhang G., Shi Q., et al. Study on foaming water-smellable EPDM rubber[J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2002, (86):3712-3717.
[10]茆乐.鞋垫中用除臭剂[P].中国专利.CN1425469.2003-06-25.
[11]侯秀武.新的非离子型微粒助留助滤体系及其机理的研究[硕士论文].南京：南京林业大学.2004.
[12]邹建国,钟秦.用稀土改性硅藻土图净化柴油机尾气[J].硅酸盐学报.2005,33(8)：1028-1031.
[13]Spanhel L,Haase M,Weller H Photochemistry of Colloidal Semiconductors Surface Modification and Stability of Strong Luminescing CdS Particles.Journal of the American Chemistry Society,1987,109(19):5649-5655.
[14]Vossmeyer T,Katsikas L and Weller H.CdS Nanoclusters:Synthesis Characterization Size Dependent Oscillator Strength Temperature Shift of the Excitonic Transition Energy and Reversible Absorbance Shift.Journal of Physical Chemistry,1994,98(31):7665-7673.
[15]Rogach A L,Gao M Y,Weller H Synthesis and Characterization of a Size Series of Extremely Small Thiol-Stabilized CdSe Nanocrystals.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,1999,103(16):3065-3069.
[16]Gaponik N L,Talapin D V,Weller H Thiol-Capping of CdTe Nanocrystals:An Alternative to Organometallic Synthetic Routes.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2002,106(29):7177-7185.
[17]Gao M,Rogach A L,Kornowski A Strongly Photoluminescent CdTe Nanocrystals by Proper Surface Modification.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,1998,102(43):8360-8363.
[18]Zhang H,Zhou Z,Yang B The Influence of Carboxyl Groups on the Photoluminescence of Mercaptocarboxylic Acid-Stabilized CdTe Nanoparticles.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2003,107(1):8-13
[19]Chen H., Zhao Y.G., Wang A.Q. Removal of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto acid-activated palygorskite[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.2007,149:346-354.
[20]Murray H.H. Traditional and new applications for kaolin, smectite, and palygorskite:a general overview[J]. Appl. Clay. Sci.2000,17(5-6):207-211.
[21]Boki K., Sakaguchi K., Tomioka H., Individual adsorption characteristics of beta-carotene and triolein on attapulgite and sepiolite[J], JJTHE 1995,41:426-432.
[22]Ye H., Chen F., Sheng Y. Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution onto modified palygorskites[J]. Sep. Purif. Technol.2006,50:283-290.
[23]Vico L.I., Acebal S.G. Some aspects about the adsorption of quinoline on fipatagonian saponite[J]. Applied Clay Science.2006,33:142-148.
[24]史建设.硅藻土石表面改性及其在尼龙6中的应用[博士论文].南京：南京理工大学.2004.
[25]Tian M., Qu C., Feng Y. Structure and properties of fibrillar silicate/SBR composites by direct blend process[J]. J. Mater. Sci.2003,38:4917-4924.
[26]黄健花.硅藻土的有机改性及其应用[博士论文].无锡：江南大学.2008.
[27]Cao J.L., Shao G. S., Wang Y. CuO catalysts supported on attapulgite clay for low-temperature CO oxidation[J]. Catal.Commun.2008,9:2555-2559.
[28]Janchena J., Aekermanna D., Weiler E. Calorimetrie investigation on zeolites, AlPO4's and CaCl2 impregnated attapulgite for thermochemical storage of heat[J]. Thermochimica Acta. 2005,434:37-41.
[29]Xu J.M., Li W., Yin QF. Direct electron transfer and bioelectrocatalysis of hemoglobin on nano-structural attapulgite clay-modified glassy carbon electrode[J]. J. Colloid Inter. Sci. 2007,315:170-176.
[30]Liu P., Xue Q.J., Tian J. Self-assembly of functional silanes onto nano-sized silica[J]. Chin. J. Chem. Phys.2003,16:481-486.
[1]Kroto HW, Heath JR, O'Brien SC, Curl RF, Smalley RE. Narure 1985,318,162-163.
[2]Iijima S. Helical microtubes of graphitic carbon. Nature,1991,354:56-58.
[3]Iijima S, Ichihashi T. Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1 nm diameter. Nature,1993,363, 603-605.
[4]Bethune D S, Kiang C H, Devries M S Cobalt-catalyzed growth of carbon nanotubes with single-atomic-layerwalls. Nature,1993,363:605-607.
[5]Henning T H, Salama F. Carbon in the Universe. Science,1998,282:2204.
[6]Cumings J., Zettl A. Low-friction nanoscale linear bearing realized form multiwall carbon nanotubes. Science,2000,289,602-604.
[7]Colbert D.T., Zhang J., Mcclure S.M. Growth and sintering of fullerene nanotubes. Science, 1994,266,1218-1222.
[8]Pan Z.W., Xie S.S., Chang B.H. Very long carbon nanotubes. Nature,1998,394,631-633.
[9]Saito R, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus M S. Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes [M]. London:Imperical College Press,1998,251-259.
[10]Baughman R.H., Zakhidov A. A., de Heer W. A. Carbon nanotubes the route toward applications. Science,2002,297,787-792.
[11]Ajayan P. M., Schadler L. S., Braun P. V. Nanocomposite Science and Technology, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany,2003.
[12]Nalwa H. S. Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology, Vol.5, Academic Press, New York, USA,2000.
[13]Yakobson B. I., Smally R.E. Fullerene nanotubes:C 1,000,000 and beyond author. Am. Sci., 1997,85,324-337.
[14]Dresselhaus M. S., Dresselhaus G., Eklund P. Carbon nanotubes:many researches have predicted remarkable and unique properties for carbon nanotubes. Phys. World,1998,11, 33-38.
[15]Yakobson B I, Brabec C J, Brenholc J. Nanomechanics of carbon tube:Instabilities beyond linear response. Phys. Rev. Lett.,1996,76,2511-2514.
[16]Lu J P. Elastic properties of carbon nanotubes and nanoropes. Phys. Rev. Lett.,1997,79, 1297-1299.
[17]Hernandez E, Goze C, Bernier P Elastic properties of C and BxCyNz composite nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett.,1998,80,4502-4505.
[18]Zhou X, Zhou J J, Strain energy and Young's modulus of single-wall carbon nanotubes calculated from electronic energy-band theory. Phys. Rev. B.,2000,62,13692-13696.
[19]Li F, Cheng H M, Bai S., Tensile strength of single-walled carbon nanotobes directly measured from their macroscopic ropes. Appl. Phys. Lett.,2000,77,3161-3165.
[20]Yu M F, Lourie O, Dyer M J Strength and Breaking Mechanism of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Under Tensile Load. Science,2000,287,637-639.
[21]Yu M P, Files B S, Arepalli S Tensile loading of ropes of single wall carbon nanotubes and their mechanical properties. Phys. Rev. Lett.,2000,84,5552-5555.
[22]张娜,张宝宏,电化学超级电容器的研究进展,应用科技,2003,30(9),54-56.
[23]Sanito R, Dresselhaus G J., Electronic structure of double-layered grapheme tubules. Appl. Phys.,1993,73,494-500.
[24]Stroscio J A, Freenstra R M., Scanning tunneling microscopy. New York:Academic Press, 1993.
[25]Paulson S, Helser A, Nardelli M B Tunable Resistance of a Carbon Nanotube-Graphite Interface. Science,2000,290,1742-1744.
[26]Fuhrer M S, Nygard J, Shih L Crossed Nanotube Junctions. Scicnce,2000,288,494-497.
[27]Buldum A, Lu J P, Phys. Rev. B.,2001,64,14036-14040.
[2]李成如.仪器分析的发展趋势及其在生物科学中的应用[J].安康学院学报.2007,19：96-98.
[3]杨珍.原子发射光谱分析方法的发展[J].山东大学学报.1985,1：65-77.
[4]鲍鸥.光谱分析在化学发展中的新进展[J].世界科学学报.1988,3：59.
[5]胡清.仪器分析的发展历程与现状总结[J].安徽科技学报,2004,10：48-49.
[6]李慧莲.化学光谱分析的应用[J].天津钢研.1984,6：18-22.
[7]王军,石玉香.分离富集的应用研究[M].河南大学自然科学出版社.2008.
[8]苏东,程圣湘.共沉淀分析检测方法的应用与进展[J].化学检验-化学分册.1999,35(5)：236-241.
[9]金鑫,刘松,陈武,毛琴.流动注射共沉淀预富集发以火焰原子吸收法测定痕量环境样品中的铜[J].化学检验-化学分册.1998,34,246-250.
[10]苏耀,夏青,谭臣,程一祥.镍-1-(2-咪唑偶氮)2-苯酚共沉淀分析检测碱金属盐中痕量汞及汞的原子吸收光谱测定[J].分析化学学报.1998,11：1391-1393.
[11]Alnso A., Almndral M.J., Porras M.J. Flow-injection solvent extraction with and without phase sepration:Flurimetric determiation of alumiium in water[J]. Anal. Chim. Acta.2001, 447(1-2):211-217.
[12]Anthmdis A.N., Zachaadis G.A., Faastelis C.G. On-line liquid-liquid extrction system using a new phase sepaator for flame atmic absorption spetrometric deterination of ultra-trace cadium in natural waters[J]. Talanta.2004,62(3):437-443.
[13]Antheidis A.N. Automatic sequntial injection liquid-liquid micro-extraction system for on-line flame atomicabsorption spectroetric determintion of trace metal in water samples[J]. Talanta.2008,77(2):541-545.
[14]Motizu S., Onoda M., Oshma M. Specrophtometric determination of potassium in river water based on solvent extration of the coplex formed with a cron ether and an aninic azo dye using flow injection[J]. Analyst.1988,113:743-746.
[15]Blnc T., Maniasso N., Gine M.F. Liquid-liquid extraction in flow injection analysis using an open-phase separator for the spectrophotometric determination of copper in plant digests[J]. Analyst.1998,123:191-193.
[16]Blas O.J., Paz J.L.P., Mendez J.H. Indirect deermnation of the pestiide dimetoxydithiophosphate in an FIA-AAS system with liqud-liquid back-extraction[J]. Talanta.1991,38(8):857-861.
[17]Koshma H., Onishi H. Sepaation of rhenium by extraction with crown ethers and flow-injction extraction-spectrphotometric determition with Brilliant Green[J]. Anal. Chim. Acta.1990,232:287-292.
[18]Bergain H., Medeiros J.X., Reis B.F. Solvent extrction in continous flow injection anlysis: Deterination of molydenum in plant aterial[J]. Anal. Chim. Acta.1978,101:9-16.
[19]Stazewska B., Halburda P., Kojlo A. Sudies and analytical appliation of reaction of imiprmine with chrome azurol S[J]. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.2002,30(3):553-560.
[20]Necova I., Rychlovsky P., Tomanova V. Extrction spectrophotoetric determination of lidocaine using flow injection analysis[J]. Anal. Lett.2001,34(14):2457-2464.
[21]Fosey L., Cantwell F.F. Charactrization of solvent extrction/flow injection analysis with constant pressure puping and determintion of procyclidne hydrochoride in tabets. Anal. Chem[J].1982,54:1693-1697.
[22]Kira K., Ikeani S., Sakmoto H. Applicability of Chrmogenic 14-Crown-4 Derivative to Extraction-Spectropotometric Flow Injectin Analysis for Lithim Ion in Blood Serum[J]. Anal. Sci.1988,4(2):221-222.
[23]Lucy C.A., Cantwell F.F.. Simltaneous determation of phenylephrine hydrochloride and phenramine malate in nasal spray by solvent extrction-flow injection analysis using two porous-membrane phase seprators and one phoometric detector[J]. Anal. Chem.1986, 58:2727-2731.
[24]Ali A. Ensafi, A. Benvidi, T. Khaymian. Deterination of Cadium and Zinc in Water and Alloys by Adsortion Strpping Voltammetry[J]. Anal. Lett.2004,37(3):447-462.
[25]Nieen S.C., Hansen E.H.. Interfacing flow injection analysis (sequential injection analysis) and electro-trmal atmic absoption spectroetry determination of trace-levels of Cr(VI) via on-line pre-concentrtion by adsorption in a knoted reator and by liquid-liquid extraction[J]. Anal. Chim. Acta.2000,422(1):47-62.
[26]Galinani M., Ayala C., Brunetto M.D. A simple strategy for deterining ethanol in all types of aloholic beverages based on its on-line liqud-liquid extraction with chloroform, using a flow injection system and Forier transfor infrared spectrometric detection in the mid-IR[J]. Talanta.2005,68(2):470-479.
[27]Buns D.T., Chimalee N., Harriot M.. Flow-injection extraction spectrohotometric determination of dichrmate with the tetramethylnebis(tripenylphoshonium)cation[J]. Anal. Chim. Acta.1989,225:241-246
[28]李超云.食品检测原理与技术的应用[M].上海：分析技术文献出版社.1987.
[29]王星,汪正范,牟芬,丁静.色谱分析样品欲分离富集处理[M].济南大学学报.2001.
[30]甘仁才,来雅文,段瑶,曹淑琴,郭勇,赵炳.DT-12型样离子交换树脂分离富集金铂钯[J].岩矿测试.2003,1(2)：113-114.
[31]Afkami A., Madakian T., Assl A.A. Solid phse extraction flame atmic absorption spectroetric determination of ulra-trace beryllum[J]. Anal Chim Acta.2001,437(1):17-25
[32]Mek Smolik, Agata Jakobik-Koon. Determnation of Microamoetry and Inuctively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrmetry durng Their Separaion by Ion Exchnge on Diphoix Chelaing Rsin[J]. Anal. Chem.2009,81(7):2688-2686.
[33]Kagol M., Zajac, J.Jones D. Porous Silica Materials Deriatized with Cu and Ag Cations for Selecti J.ve Propene-Propane Adsoption from the Gas Phase:Alumisilicate Ion-Exchnged Monoliths[J]. Chem. Mater.2004,16(20):3911-3918.
[34]Wng L., Tian C., Wang B. Controllable synhesis of graphitic carbon nanstructures from ion-exchnge resin-iron complex via solid-state pyrolysis process[J]. Chem. Commun.2008,35:5411-5413.
[35]Pierigi B., Cludio B., Giulano G, Recycling asymmetric hydrognation catalysts by their immobiliation onto ion-exchange resins[J]. Dalton Trans.2005,12:1783-1784.
[36]Jaes W.Jorgnson. New Dirctions in Electrophoretic Methods[M]. Chater 13.1987:182-234
[37]Yan Xu. Capillary electrophoresis[J]. Anal. Chem.1995,67(12):463-473.
[38]Sthen K.Dorn, Robert E.Fields, Hui Hu High Reslution Capillary Electrohoresis of Carbon Nanotubes[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2002,124(12):3169-3187..
[39]Srgey N.Krylov, Mxim Berezovski. Non-equilbrium capillary elctrophoresis of equilbrium mixtures—apprciation of kinetics in capillary elecrophoresis[J]. Analyst. 2003,128:571-575.
[40]Cadra A.Nesbitt, Ken K.-C. Yeung. In-capillary enrichment, proteolysis and separaion using capillary electrophoresis with discotinuous buffers:application on proeins with moderately acidic and basic isoelectric points[J]. Analyst.2009,134(1):65-71.
[41]Dwht R.Stoll, Peter W.Carr. Fast, Compehensive Two-Dimensonal HPLC Separtion of Tryptic Peptdes Based on High-Temprature HPLC[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2005, 127(14):5034-5037.
[42]Jith Handley. HPLC gets stemed heat[J]. Anal. Chem.2001,73(17):476B.
[43]Garau Y., avis I., Hasegwa J. Fluoometric TLC deternation of free and conjugated propranolol, naphthxylactic acid, and p-hydroxyproranolol in human plasma and urine[J]. J Pharm Sci. 1978,67(6):826-831.
[44]Ravi Bhhan, Charu Agarwal. Direct enaniomeric TLC resoution of dl-peniciilamine using (R)-mandelic acid and 1-tartaric acid as chiral impregnating reagets and as chiral mobile phase additive[J]. Biomed. Chromatogr.2008,22(11):1237-1242.
[45]Heko Haen, Dietrich A.Volmer. Rapid identifcation of siderophores by comined thin-layer chromatraphy/matrix-assisted laser desorption/ioniation mass spectometry[J]. Rapid Comun.s in Mass Spectrom.2005,19(5):711-720.
[46]John A.Pery, Thmas H.Jupille, Louis J.Glunz. TLC [thin-layer chromaography]. Programmed multiple develpment[J]. Anal. Chem.1975,47(l):65A-74a.
[47]Ute Disler, Marcel Hulswig, Jamal Souady Matching IR-MALDI-o-TOF Mass Spectrometry with the TLC Overlay Bindng Assay and Its Clinical Application for Tracing Tumor-Associated Glycosphinglipids in Hepatocllular and Pancreatic Cancer[J]. Anal. Chem.2008,80(6):1835-1846.
[48]南京大学.分析化学[M].高等教育出版社.1978.
[49]Fot G., Moto J.C., Pico Y. Solid-phase extrction in multi-resiue pesticide analysis of water[J].J. Chromatogr. A.1993,642(1-3):135-161.
[50]Drsler M. Extraction of trace aounts of organic comounds from water with poous organc polymers[J]. J Chromatogr. A.1979,165(2):167-206.
[51]Dion P, et al. Amerian Laboratory.1986,10:82.
[52]上海市医学化验所.临床生化检验(上)[M].上海：上海科技出版社.1979.
[53]Arthur C.L., Pawisz Y.N. Solid phase microetraction with themal desorption using fused silca optical fibers[J]. Anal. Chem.1990,62:2145-2148.
[54]娄伟,孙云等.固相萃取-液相色谱法测定工业荼酚中的2-乙基和2,4-三苯基-4-甲基-1-戊烯[J].色谱分析.2010,30(10)：1582-1585.
[55]饶静,尹军,周钧,周伟.固相微取-液质色谱分析一种新型发酵啤酒的特征风味组分[J].酿酒分析.2009,37(6)：38-42.
[56]赵雁,刘佳巧,胡一建.杨梅.新型多壁碳纳米管固相微萃取-液相色谱法测定义齿树脂中游离烯酸酯类[J].分析仪器.2010,5：55-60.
[57]庞峰.固相微萃取技术[J].环境科学导刊.2010,29(5)：97-100.
[58]Roald H.Scmidt, Karsten Haupt. Molecuarly Imprinted Polymer Films with Binding Properties Enhanced by the Reation-Induced Phase Separtion of a Sacriicial Polymeric Poroge[J]. Chem. Mater.2006,17(5):1007-1016.
[59]Steen C.Zimeman, N.Gabriel Lemcoff. Synthetic hosts via moleular impinting—are universal synthetic antibdies realisically possible[J]. Chem. Comun.2004,1:5-14.
[60]durdo C.F., Gustavo B.S., et al. Moleclarly imprinted polymers as analyte sequsters and selectve surfaces for easy ambint sonic-spray ionzation[J]. Anlyst,2011,135 (4):726-730.
[61]Mihael Subat, Andrew S.Borovik, Burkhard Konig. Synthetic Creatinine Receptor:Imprinting of a Lewis Acidic Zinc(II)cyclen Binding Site to Shape Its Molecular Recognition Selectivity[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2004,126(10):3185-3190.
[62]Hai-Juan Wang, Wen-Hui, Xiao-Fei Yin Tmplate Synthsized Moleclarly Imrinted Polymer Nantube Memranes for Chemical Separatons[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2006, 128(50):15954-15955
[63]Liu Y.W., Chang X.J., Dong Y. Highly selective detrmination of inorgnic mercury(Ⅱ) after preconcntration with Hg(II)-impinted diazoamnobenzene-vinylpridine copolymers[J]. Anal. Chim. Acta.2005,538():85-91.
[64]Sbhi E., Prem E.J., Babu T. Preconentrative sepaation of palladium(Ⅱ) using palladium(Ⅱ) ion-imprinted polymer paticles formed with different quioline deriatives and evaluation of biding paramters based on asorption isoterm models[J]. Talanta,2005,65(2):441-452.
[65]Zhang N., Jibrin S.S., Chromium(Ⅲ)-imprinted silica gel for specition anaysis of chomium in environmental water saples with ICP-MS detection[J]. Talanta.2008,75(2):536-543.
[66]张毅,胡玉玲,李科.分子印迹技术应用[J].分析测试学报.2008,27：215.
[67]Stafrd CG St,ClaireⅢRL, High-perfomance liquid chromtography analsis of the lactone and carboxylate forms of a topoisoerase I inhibitor in plasma[J]. J. Chromatogr. B.1995, 633:119.
[68]Zhang H,Zhou Z,Yang B The Influence of Carboxyl Groups on the Photoluminescence of Mercaptocarboxylic Acid-Stabilized CdTe Nanoparticles.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2003,107(1):8-13
[69]徐力,郭铁,解仁国等.水相合成CdS纳米晶标记牛血清白蛋白.功能材料与器件学报,2003,9(2)：2001-2004
[70]刘成阳,李德,邓航HPLC法结合固相萃取分离检测测定血浆中药物残留[J].药物分析杂志.2002,22(1)：28-30.
[71]张杰.固相萃取-高效液相色谱法快速测定苯莱英钠的血药浓度[J].中国新医药.2003,3(3)：42-45.
[72]R Gao, Z Hu, X Chang. Chemically modified activated carbon with 1-acylthiosemicarbazide for selective solid-phase extraction and preconcentration of trace Cu(Ⅱ), Hg(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) from water samples, Journal of hazardous materials,2009,172,
[73]高勤,刘英.固相萃取技术应用与进展[J].药学进展.1997,21(1)：8-13.
[74]Defrel D.L., Lemere F., Hoes L. Analysis of the DNA adducts of phenyl glycidyl ether in a calf thymus DNA hydrolysate by capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray mass specometry:evidence for phoshate alkylation[J]. Carcinogenesis.1998,19(6):1077-1086.
[75]Zhizhna G.P., Blyukhterova N.V. Biocemistry (Moscow).1997,62(1):88-94.
[76]Fiori M., Piedmnici E., Longo F. Identifcation of main corticosteoids as illegal feed additives in milk replacers by liquid chromtography-atmospheric presure chemical ioniation mass spectrometry[J]. J. Chromatogr. A.1998,807(2):219-227.
[77]Huang,B Hu, Silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles modified with y-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane for fast and selective solid phase extraction of trace amounts of Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb in environmental and biological samples prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Spectrochimica Acta Part B:Atomic Spectroscopy,2008,63,437-444.
[78]J Koh, Y Kwon,Y-N Pak, Separation and sensitive determination of arsenic species (As3+/As5+) using the yeast-immobilized column and hydride generation in ICP-AES, Microchemical journal,2005,80,195-199.
[79]Y K Agrawal,K R Sharma, Speciation, liquid-liquid extraction, sequential separation, preconcentration, transport and ICP-AES determination of Cr(III), Mo(VI) and W(VI) with calix-crown hydroxamic acid in high purity grade materials and environmental samples, Talanta,2005,67,112-120.
[80]A Detcheva,K H Grobecker, Determination of Hg, Cd, Mn, Pb and Sn in seafood by solid sampling Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometry, Spectrochimica Acta Part B:Atomic Spectroscopy,2006,61,454-459.
[81]L Yang, R E Sturgeon, D Prince. Determination of vanadium in biological fluids using HR-ICP-MS, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,2002,17,1300-1303.
[82]F Sabermahani,M Ali Taher, Determination of trace amounts of cadmium and copper by atomic absorption spectrometry after simultaneous extraction and preconcentration using a new water-soluble polyacrylic acid/alumina sorbent, Microchimica Acta,2007,159, 117-123.
[83]J G Kralj, H R Sahoo,K F Jensen, Integrated continuous microfluidic liquid-liquid extraction, Lab on a Chip,2007,7,256-263.
[84]E Pehlivan,T Altun, The study of various parameters affecting the ion exchange of Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ from aqueous solution. Journal of hazardous materials,2006,134, 149-156.
[85]E Caro, R M Marce, F Borrull Application of molecularly imprinted polymers to solid-phase extraction of compounds from environmental and biological samples, TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry,2006,25,143-154.
[86]I Komjarova,R Blust, Comparison of liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction and co-precipitation preconcentration methods for the determination of cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc in seawater, Analytica chimica acta,2006,576,221-228.
[87]. B Mikula,B Puzio, Determination of trace metals by ICP-OES in plant materials after preconcentration of 1,10-phenanthroline complexes on activated carbon[J]. Talanta,2007, 71,136-140.
[88]Z Li, X Chang, X Zou Chemically-modified activated carbon with ethylenediamine for selective solid-phase extraction and preconcentration of metal ions, Analytica chimica acta, 2009,632,272-277.
[89]Li D.D., Chang X.J. Samarium(Ⅲ) adsorption on bentonite modified with N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine[J]. Talanta.2011(83):1742-1747.
[90]Alivisatos A P.Semiconductor Clusters,Nanocrystals,and Quantum Dots. Science,1996,271(5251):933-937
[91]Michalet X,Pinaud F F,Bentolila L A Quantum Dots for Live Cells,in Vivo Imaging,and Diagnostics.Science,2005,307(5709):538-544
[92]Larson D R,Zipfel W R,Williams R M Water-soluble Quantum Dots for Multiphoton Fluorescence Imaging in Vivo.Science,2003,300(5624):1434-1436
[93]Wang Y and Herron N.Nanometer-sized Semiconductor Clusters:Materials Synthesis,Quantum Size Effects,and Photophysical Properties.Journal of Physical Chemistry,1991,95(2):525-532
[94]Alivisatos A P.Perspectives on the Physical Chemistry of Semiconductor Nanocrystals.Journal of Physical Chemistry,1996,100(31):13226-13239
[95]Chestnoy N,Hull H R and Brus L E.Luminescence and Photophysics of Cadmium Sulfide Semiconductor Clusters:the Nature of the Emitting Electronic State.Journal of Physical Chemistry,1986,90(15):3393-3399
[96]Klimov V I.Nanocrystal Quantum Dots:From Fundamental Photophysics to Multicolor Lasing.Los Alamos Science,2003,28:214-220
[97]Brus L.Electronic Wave Functions in Semiconductor Clusters:Experiment and Theory.Journal of Physical Chemistry,1986,90(112):2555-2560
[98]Cao Y W,Banin U.Growth and Properties of Semiconductor Core/Shell Nanocrystals with InAs Cores.Journal of the American Chemical Society,2000 122(40):9692-9702
[99]Dabbousi B O,Rodriguez V J,Mikulec F V. (CdSe)ZnS Core-Shell Quantum Dots:Synthesis and Characterization of a Size Series of Highly Luminescent Nanocrystallites.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,1997,101(46):9463-9475
[100]Brus L.Chemical Approaches to Semiconductor Nanocrystals.Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids,1998,59(4):459-465
[101]Han M Y,Gao X H,Su J Z Quantum-dot-tagged Microbeads for Multiplexed Optical Coding of Biomolecules.Nature Biotechnology,2001,19(7):631-635
[102]Spanhel L,Haase M,Weller H Photochemistry of Colloidal Semiconductors Surface Modification and Stability of Strong Luminescing CdS Particles.Journal of the American Chemistry Society,1987,109(19):5649-5655
[103]Vossmeyer T,Katsikas L and Weller H.CdS Nanoclusters:Synthesis Characterization Size Dependent Oscillator Strength Temperature Shift of the Excitonic Transition Energy and Reversible Absorbance Shift.Journal of Physical Chemistry,1994,98(31):7665-7673
[104]Rogach A L,Gao M Y, Weller H Synthesis and Characterization of a Size Series of Extremely Small Thiol-Stabilized CdSe Nanocrystals.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,1999,103(16):3065-3069
[105]Gaponik N L,Talapin D V,Weller H Thiol-Capping of CdTe Nanocrystals:An Alternative to Organometallic Synthetic Routes.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2002,106(29):7177-7185
[106]Lu G., Jun H.W. Determination of trace methotrexate and 7-OH-methotrixate in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection[J]. J. Liq. Chromatogr. 1995,18(1):155-171.
[107]Stafford C. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the lactone and carboxylate forms of a topoisomerase I inhibitor in plasma[J]. J. Chromatogr. B.1995, 633:119.
[108]陈骏,王睿,王静.固相萃取HPLC检测生物样品中甲苯磺丁腺和代谢产物及其人体药代动力学研究[J].药物分析杂志.2005,25(1)：50-54.
[109]丁劲松,彭文兴,张祖.固相萃取结合HPLC-MS测定人血浆中奥曲肽的浓度及相对生物利用度[J].药学学报.2004,16(7)：62-65.
[110]张毕奎,李焕德,邓航.柱前衍生HPLC法结合固相萃取测定血浆中卡托普利[J].药物分析杂志.2002,22(1)：28-30.
[111]王丽梅.固相萃取-HPLC法快速测定苯妥英钠及卡马西平的血药浓度[J].中国新医药.2003,3(3)：42-45.
[112]Chen H.J., Zhang L., Cox J. DNA Adducts of 2,3-Epoxy-4-hydroxynonanal:Detection of 7-(1',2'-Dihydroxyheptyl)-3H-imidazo[2,1-i]purine and 1,N6-Ethenoadenine by Gas Chromatography/Negative Ion Chemical Ionization/Mass Spectrometry[J]. Chem. Res. Toxicol.1998,11(12):1474.
[113]高立勤,刘文英.固相萃取技术及其在生物样本分析中的应用与进展[J].药学进展.1997,21(1)：8-13.
[114]Deforcel D.L., Lemiere F., Hoes L. Analysis of the DNA adducts of phenyl glycidyl ether in a calf thymus DNA hydrolysate by capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry:evidence for phosphate alkylation[J]. Carcinogenesis.1998,19(6):1077-1086.
[115]Zhizhina G.P., Blyukhterova N.V. Biochemistry (Moscow).1997,62(1):88-94.
[116]Fiori M., Pierdminici E., Longo F. Identification of main corticosteroids as illegal feed additives in milk replacers by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry [J]. J. Chromatogr. A.1998,807(2):219-227.
[117]鲁杰,杨大进,方从容.固相萃取-高效液相色谱法用于保健食品中违禁添加物枸橼酸西地那非的分析[J].中国卫生检验杂志.2007,17(9)：36-38.
[118]林春晓,部昌松,李红华.保健食品中雌二醇激素的固相萃取反相高效液相色潜测定法[J].职业与健康.2003,19(9)：51-52.
[119]李俊,郭晓关,任玉娟,王震.蔬菜水果中农药残留检测方法的优化[J].贵州农业科学.2010,38(8)：246-249.
[120]张燕,郭天鑫,于姣等.离子交换固相萃取高效液相色谱联用法检测食品中的5-羟甲基糠醛[J].食品科学.2010,31(18)：212-215.
[121]黄武,章晶晶,郁小朴,孙艳波.固相萃取—高效液相色谱法检测鱼粉中三聚氰胺[J].2010,38(8)：192-194.
[122]叶贞福.高效液相色谱法分析水中多环芳烃(]PAHs) [J]厦门科技.1999,(4)：38.
[123]林雨君,解光武,徐小静,贾静.固相膜萃取-气相色谱／离子阱质谱法测定水中17种多环芳烃[J].广州化工.2010,37(5)：210-214.
[124]何淼.固相萃取技术在环境有机污染物分析中的应用[硕士论文].北京：中国地质科学院.2007.
[125]王琳玉,刘国宏,张新荣.纳米TiO2固相萃取电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定雪水中的痕量金属离子[J].分析化学.2004,32：1006-1010.
[126]Chai X.L., Chang X.J. Solid phase extraction of trace Hg(Ⅱ) on silica gel modified with 2-(2-oxoethyl)hydrazine carbothioamide and determination by ICP-AES[J].Talanta. 2011(83):1791-1796.
[1]刘成,高乃云,黄廷林.活性炭的表面化学改性研究进展[J].净水技术.2005,24(4)：50-52.
[2]Spanhel L,Haase M,Weller H Photochemistry of Colloidal Semiconductors Surface Modification and Stability of Strong Luminescing CdS Particles.Journal of the American Chemistry Society,1987,109(19):5649-5655.
[3]Vossmeyer T,Katsikas L and Weller H.CdS Nanoclusters:Synthesis Characterization Size Dependent Oscillator Strength Temperature Shift of the Excitonic Transition Energy and Reversible Absorbance Shift. Journal of Physical Chemistry,1994,98(31):7665-7666.
[4]Gaponik N L,Talapin D V,Weller H,et al.Thiol-Capping of CdTe Nanocrystals:An Alternative to Organometallic Synthetic Routes.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2002,106(29):7177-7185.
[5]Gao M,Rogach A L,Kornowski A Strongly Photoluminescent CdTe Nanocrystals by Proper Surface Modification.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,1998,102(43):8360-8363
[6]Zhang H,Zhou Z,Yang B The Influence of Carboxyl Groups on the Photoluminescence of Mercaptocarboxylic Acid-Stabilized CdTe Nanoparticles.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2003,107(1):8-13
[7]刘守新,隋淑娟,孙承林.臭氧化对活性炭表面化学结构及Cr6+吸附性质的影响[J].林产化工业.2006,26(1)：33-36.
[8]Su W., Zhou Y.P., Wei L.F. Effect of microstructure and surface modification on the hydrogen adsorption capacity of active carbons[J]. New Carbon Materials.2007, 22(2):135-140.
[9]Valdes H., Sanchez M., Rivera J. Effect of Ozone Treatment on Surface Properties of Activated Carbon[J]. Langmuir.2002,18(6):2111-2116.
[10]Chestnoy N,Hull H R and Brus L E.Luminescence and Photophysics of Cadmium Sulfide Semiconductor Clusters:the Nature of the Emitting Electronic State.Journal of Physical Chemistry,1986,90(15):3393-3399.
[11]Klimov V I.Nanocrystal Quantum Dots:From Fundamental Photophysics to Multicolor Lasing.Los Alamos Science,2003,28:214-220.
[12]Brus L.Electronic Wave Functions in Semiconductor Clusters:Experiment and Theory.Journal of Physical Chemistry,1986,90(112):2555-2560.
[13]Cao Y W,Banin U.Growth and Properties of Semiconductor Core/Shell Nanocrystals with InAs Cores.Journal of the American Chemical Society,2000 122(40):9692-9702.
[14]Dabbousi B O,Rodriguez V J,Mikulec F V (CdSe)ZnS Core-Shell Quantum Dots:Synthesis and Characterization of a Size Series of Highly Luminescent Nanocrystallites.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,1997,101(46):9463-9475.
[15]Brus L.Chemical Approaches to Semiconductor Nanocrystals.Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids,1998,59(4):459-465.
[16]Han M Y,Gao X H,Su J Z Quantum-dot-tagged Microbeads for Multiplexed Optical Coding of Biomolecules.Nature Biotechnology,2001,19(7):631-635 [16] Huang C.P., Vane L.M. Enhancing As5+ Removal by a Fe2+-treat Activated Carbon[J]. J. Water Pollut. Contam. Fed. 1989,61(9):1596-1603.
[17]Leyva Ramos R., Ovalle-Turrubiartes J., Sanchez-Castillo M.A. Adsorption of Fluoride from Aqueous Solution on Aluminium-Impregnated Carbon[J]. Carbon.1999,37(4):609-617.
[18]Hsu L.Y., Teng H. Influence of difference chemical reagents on the preparation of activated carbons from bituminous coal [J]. Fuel Proc Tech.2000,64(2):155
[1]Giustetto R., Xamena F.X.L., G.Ricchiardi, et al. Maya Blue:A Computational and Spectroscopic Study[J]. J. Phys. Chem. B.2005,109(41):19360-19368.
[2]Huang J., Liu Y., Jin Q., et al. Adsorption studies of a water soluble dye, Reactive Red MF-3B, using sonication-surfactant-modified attapulgite clay[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.2007, 143(1-2):541-548.
[3]周济元,顾金龙,周茂等.硅藻土石粘土应用现状及高附加值产品的开发[J].非金属矿.2002(2)：4-6
[4]周杰,刘宁.硅藻土石粘土的显微结构特征[J].硅酸盐通报.1999,6：50-54.
[5]Bradley W.F. The structural scheme of attapulgite[J]. American mineralogist.1940, 25(6):405-410.
[6]Xu J.M., Li W., Yin Q.F. Direct electrochemistry of Cytochromec on natural nano-attapulgite clay modified electrode and its electrocatalytic reduction for H2O2[J]. Electrochimiea Acta. 2007, (52):3601-3606.
[7]Liu Y.S., Liu P., Su Z.X. Attapulgite-Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles via co-precipitation technique[J]. Applied Surface Science.2008,255(5):2020-2025.
[8]Buchholz F.L., Graham A.T. Modern Superabsorbent Polymer Technology[M]. Wiley-VCH: New York.1998.1-152.
[9]Sun X.H., Zhang G., Shi Q., et al. Study on foaming water-smellable EPDM rubber[J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2002, (86):3712-3717.
[10]茆乐.鞋垫中用除臭剂[P].中国专利.CN1425469.2003-06-25.
[11]侯秀武.新的非离子型微粒助留助滤体系及其机理的研究[硕士论文].南京：南京林业大学.2004.
[12]邹建国,钟秦.用稀土改性硅藻土图净化柴油机尾气[J].硅酸盐学报.2005,33(8)：1028-1031.
[13]Spanhel L,Haase M,Weller H Photochemistry of Colloidal Semiconductors Surface Modification and Stability of Strong Luminescing CdS Particles.Journal of the American Chemistry Society,1987,109(19):5649-5655.
[14]Vossmeyer T,Katsikas L and Weller H.CdS Nanoclusters:Synthesis Characterization Size Dependent Oscillator Strength Temperature Shift of the Excitonic Transition Energy and Reversible Absorbance Shift.Journal of Physical Chemistry,1994,98(31):7665-7673.
[15]Rogach A L,Gao M Y,Weller H Synthesis and Characterization of a Size Series of Extremely Small Thiol-Stabilized CdSe Nanocrystals.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,1999,103(16):3065-3069.
[16]Gaponik N L,Talapin D V,Weller H Thiol-Capping of CdTe Nanocrystals:An Alternative to Organometallic Synthetic Routes.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2002,106(29):7177-7185.
[17]Gao M,Rogach A L,Kornowski A Strongly Photoluminescent CdTe Nanocrystals by Proper Surface Modification.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,1998,102(43):8360-8363.
[18]Zhang H,Zhou Z,Yang B The Influence of Carboxyl Groups on the Photoluminescence of Mercaptocarboxylic Acid-Stabilized CdTe Nanoparticles.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2003,107(1):8-13
[19]Chen H., Zhao Y.G., Wang A.Q. Removal of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto acid-activated palygorskite[J]. J. Hazard. Mater.2007,149:346-354.
[20]Murray H.H. Traditional and new applications for kaolin, smectite, and palygorskite:a general overview[J]. Appl. Clay. Sci.2000,17(5-6):207-211.
[21]Boki K., Sakaguchi K., Tomioka H., Individual adsorption characteristics of beta-carotene and triolein on attapulgite and sepiolite[J], JJTHE 1995,41:426-432.
[22]Ye H., Chen F., Sheng Y. Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution onto modified palygorskites[J]. Sep. Purif. Technol.2006,50:283-290.
[23]Vico L.I., Acebal S.G. Some aspects about the adsorption of quinoline on fipatagonian saponite[J]. Applied Clay Science.2006,33:142-148.
[24]史建设.硅藻土石表面改性及其在尼龙6中的应用[博士论文].南京：南京理工大学.2004.
[25]Tian M., Qu C., Feng Y. Structure and properties of fibrillar silicate/SBR composites by direct blend process[J]. J. Mater. Sci.2003,38:4917-4924.
[26]黄健花.硅藻土的有机改性及其应用[博士论文].无锡：江南大学.2008.
[27]Cao J.L., Shao G. S., Wang Y. CuO catalysts supported on attapulgite clay for low-temperature CO oxidation[J]. Catal.Commun.2008,9:2555-2559.
[28]Janchena J., Aekermanna D., Weiler E. Calorimetrie investigation on zeolites, AlPO4's and CaCl2 impregnated attapulgite for thermochemical storage of heat[J]. Thermochimica Acta. 2005,434:37-41.
[29]Xu J.M., Li W., Yin QF. Direct electron transfer and bioelectrocatalysis of hemoglobin on nano-structural attapulgite clay-modified glassy carbon electrode[J]. J. Colloid Inter. Sci. 2007,315:170-176.
[30]Liu P., Xue Q.J., Tian J. Self-assembly of functional silanes onto nano-sized silica[J]. Chin. J. Chem. Phys.2003,16:481-486.
[1]Kroto HW, Heath JR, O'Brien SC, Curl RF, Smalley RE. Narure 1985,318,162-163.
[2]Iijima S. Helical microtubes of graphitic carbon. Nature,1991,354:56-58.
[3]Iijima S, Ichihashi T. Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1 nm diameter. Nature,1993,363, 603-605.
[4]Bethune D S, Kiang C H, Devries M S Cobalt-catalyzed growth of carbon nanotubes with single-atomic-layerwalls. Nature,1993,363:605-607.
[5]Henning T H, Salama F. Carbon in the Universe. Science,1998,282:2204.
[6]Cumings J., Zettl A. Low-friction nanoscale linear bearing realized form multiwall carbon nanotubes. Science,2000,289,602-604.
[7]Colbert D.T., Zhang J., Mcclure S.M. Growth and sintering of fullerene nanotubes. Science, 1994,266,1218-1222.
[8]Pan Z.W., Xie S.S., Chang B.H. Very long carbon nanotubes. Nature,1998,394,631-633.
[9]Saito R, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus M S. Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes [M]. London:Imperical College Press,1998,251-259.
[10]Baughman R.H., Zakhidov A. A., de Heer W. A. Carbon nanotubes the route toward applications. Science,2002,297,787-792.
[11]Ajayan P. M., Schadler L. S., Braun P. V. Nanocomposite Science and Technology, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany,2003.
[12]Nalwa H. S. Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology, Vol.5, Academic Press, New York, USA,2000.
[13]Yakobson B. I., Smally R.E. Fullerene nanotubes:C 1,000,000 and beyond author. Am. Sci., 1997,85,324-337.
[14]Dresselhaus M. S., Dresselhaus G., Eklund P. Carbon nanotubes:many researches have predicted remarkable and unique properties for carbon nanotubes. Phys. World,1998,11, 33-38.
[15]Yakobson B I, Brabec C J, Brenholc J. Nanomechanics of carbon tube:Instabilities beyond linear response. Phys. Rev. Lett.,1996,76,2511-2514.
[16]Lu J P. Elastic properties of carbon nanotubes and nanoropes. Phys. Rev. Lett.,1997,79, 1297-1299.
[17]Hernandez E, Goze C, Bernier P Elastic properties of C and BxCyNz composite nanotubes. Phys. Rev. Lett.,1998,80,4502-4505.
[18]Zhou X, Zhou J J, Strain energy and Young's modulus of single-wall carbon nanotubes calculated from electronic energy-band theory. Phys. Rev. B.,2000,62,13692-13696.
[19]Li F, Cheng H M, Bai S., Tensile strength of single-walled carbon nanotobes directly measured from their macroscopic ropes. Appl. Phys. Lett.,2000,77,3161-3165.
[20]Yu M F, Lourie O, Dyer M J Strength and Breaking Mechanism of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Under Tensile Load. Science,2000,287,637-639.
[21]Yu M P, Files B S, Arepalli S Tensile loading of ropes of single wall carbon nanotubes and their mechanical properties. Phys. Rev. Lett.,2000,84,5552-5555.
[22]张娜,张宝宏,电化学超级电容器的研究进展,应用科技,2003,30(9),54-56.
[23]Sanito R, Dresselhaus G J., Electronic structure of double-layered grapheme tubules. Appl. Phys.,1993,73,494-500.
[24]Stroscio J A, Freenstra R M., Scanning tunneling microscopy. New York:Academic Press, 1993.
[25]Paulson S, Helser A, Nardelli M B Tunable Resistance of a Carbon Nanotube-Graphite Interface. Science,2000,290,1742-1744.
[26]Fuhrer M S, Nygard J, Shih L Crossed Nanotube Junctions. Scicnce,2000,288,494-497.
[27]Buldum A, Lu J P, Phys. Rev. B.,2001,64,14036-14040.