云南集体林权制度改革问题研究
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摘要
集体林权制度改革是农村家庭联产承包责任制改革的延续和发展,是解决农民增收致富的有效途径,是发展林业乃至全省经济的必然要求。半个多世纪以来,为解放和发展林业生产力,云南省林权制度先后经历了分山到户、山林集体统一经营、林业“三定”、“四荒”出让等多次改革,但由于受种种因素制约,这些改革都不彻底,并没有取到预想的效果。为响应党中央、国务院的号召,发展林区经济,云南省委、省政府2004年出台了《中共云南省委省政府关于加快林业发展的决定》,并于2005年进行考察调研,2006年开始在9个县(市)开展深化集体林权制度改革试点,同步出台了《中共云南省委省政府关于深化集体林权制度改革的决定》,从2007年开始,集体林权制度改革在全省全面推开。截止目前,全省集体林权制度改革的主体改革任务基本完成,配套改革也在有条不紊的积极推进。
本文以产权理论、制度变迁理论、公共经济治理理论、林权理论为理论研究基础,对云南集体林权制度改革历程进行阐述,具体分析了这次改革的意义、原则、目标、内容、措施及取得的成效。在此基础上,对阻碍云南集体林权制度改革顺利开展的林权抵押贷款问题、林业保险问题、林权流转问题、生态问题、采伐限额问题、政策稳定性问题等问题进行具体分析,并进一步揭示出产生这些问题的深层次原因。并对下一步开展林权改革进行合理设想,指出下一步推进集体林权制度改革可能还会遇到公平与效率、政府与林业经营主体的利益博弈、林业可持续经营、林权抵押贷款风险等多个问题,指出在改革过程中必须坚持公平优先、兼顾效率,合理界定、科学考评,加大监管、规范管理等原则,以保证这次改革最终取得理想的成绩。最后,就如何更好更快的开展云南集体林权制度改革工作提出具体的对策建议,以期为云南林业的快速发展提供科学的理论和实践依据。
The reform of collective forestry property system is the continuation and development of The household contract responsibility system reform,which is an effective way to solve farmer's income to be rich, besides, it is an inevitably request to develop forest economic and Yunnan province economic. For more than half a century, Yunnan province forest right system experienced Mount points、The collective unified management、Forestry "three Fixed"、"four wasteland" transfer reform etc, which is objective to liberate and develop the forestry productive forces, but these reforms are not completely and have not got a desired result due to various factors. In response to the CPC central committee and the state council and develop the forest economy, Yunnan province party committee issued《The CPC Yunnan provincial government decision on speeding up the development of forestry》in 2004, investigation and research in 2005, start pilot in the 9 counties (cities) in 2006, synchronous introduced《The CPC Yunnan provincial government of collective forest right system reform》, the reform fully push in Yunnan Province from 2007.By now, the subject reform task of The collective forest tenure reform has been basic completed, the supporting reform is also in an orderly way to advance positive.
This research theoretical studies based on the theory of property rights、institutional change、Public economic governance and forest Property right, besides, analysis the course of The collective forest tenure reform in Yunnan province, and analysis the Meaning、Principle、Target、Content、measures and achievement of this reform. On the basis, concrete analysis the problem of Forest mortgages、Forestry insurance、Forestry Transfer、The ecological problems、The Cutting quota problem and The Policy stability problem etc. in this reform, and further reveal the profound reasons out of these issues. And I imagine reasonable to further the Forest tenure reform, analysis the problem of Fairness and efficiency、The government and the forestry business entity benefit gambling、Sustainable forestry management、Forest mortgage loan risk etc. in the next step, I believe that we must insist the principle of the relationship between the Fairness and efficiency、Supervision and management, beside we must definite reasonable and assessment scientific. Finally, I give the suggestion of how to make the Collective forest tenure reform concrete work in Yunnan to be better and faster, which In order to provide the scientific theory and practice according for the rapid development in Yunnan forestry.
本文以产权理论、制度变迁理论、公共经济治理理论、林权理论为理论研究基础,对云南集体林权制度改革历程进行阐述,具体分析了这次改革的意义、原则、目标、内容、措施及取得的成效。在此基础上,对阻碍云南集体林权制度改革顺利开展的林权抵押贷款问题、林业保险问题、林权流转问题、生态问题、采伐限额问题、政策稳定性问题等问题进行具体分析,并进一步揭示出产生这些问题的深层次原因。并对下一步开展林权改革进行合理设想,指出下一步推进集体林权制度改革可能还会遇到公平与效率、政府与林业经营主体的利益博弈、林业可持续经营、林权抵押贷款风险等多个问题,指出在改革过程中必须坚持公平优先、兼顾效率,合理界定、科学考评,加大监管、规范管理等原则,以保证这次改革最终取得理想的成绩。最后,就如何更好更快的开展云南集体林权制度改革工作提出具体的对策建议,以期为云南林业的快速发展提供科学的理论和实践依据。
The reform of collective forestry property system is the continuation and development of The household contract responsibility system reform,which is an effective way to solve farmer's income to be rich, besides, it is an inevitably request to develop forest economic and Yunnan province economic. For more than half a century, Yunnan province forest right system experienced Mount points、The collective unified management、Forestry "three Fixed"、"four wasteland" transfer reform etc, which is objective to liberate and develop the forestry productive forces, but these reforms are not completely and have not got a desired result due to various factors. In response to the CPC central committee and the state council and develop the forest economy, Yunnan province party committee issued《The CPC Yunnan provincial government decision on speeding up the development of forestry》in 2004, investigation and research in 2005, start pilot in the 9 counties (cities) in 2006, synchronous introduced《The CPC Yunnan provincial government of collective forest right system reform》, the reform fully push in Yunnan Province from 2007.By now, the subject reform task of The collective forest tenure reform has been basic completed, the supporting reform is also in an orderly way to advance positive.
This research theoretical studies based on the theory of property rights、institutional change、Public economic governance and forest Property right, besides, analysis the course of The collective forest tenure reform in Yunnan province, and analysis the Meaning、Principle、Target、Content、measures and achievement of this reform. On the basis, concrete analysis the problem of Forest mortgages、Forestry insurance、Forestry Transfer、The ecological problems、The Cutting quota problem and The Policy stability problem etc. in this reform, and further reveal the profound reasons out of these issues. And I imagine reasonable to further the Forest tenure reform, analysis the problem of Fairness and efficiency、The government and the forestry business entity benefit gambling、Sustainable forestry management、Forest mortgage loan risk etc. in the next step, I believe that we must insist the principle of the relationship between the Fairness and efficiency、Supervision and management, beside we must definite reasonable and assessment scientific. Finally, I give the suggestion of how to make the Collective forest tenure reform concrete work in Yunnan to be better and faster, which In order to provide the scientific theory and practice according for the rapid development in Yunnan forestry.
引文
[1]John w. Bruce,Louise Fortmann.Property and forestry[A].emerging issues in forest plicy. Canada:UBC Press,1992
[2]Peter H. Pearse. Property rights and forest tenure systems[A].introduction to forest economics. Canada:UBC Press,1992
[3]Ostrom E., E. Schlager. The formation of property fights[A], S. Hanna, C. Folke, and K. Maler. Rights to nature. Washington, D.C.: Island Press,1996
[4]Danid W. Bromly. Property Rights as Authority Systems:The Role of Rules in Resource Management[A].emerging iusses in forest policy. Canada:UBC Press,1992
[5]徐秀英.南方集体林区森林可持续经营的林权制度研究.北京：中国林业出版社,2005
[6]高岚.林业经济管理学.北京：中国林业出版社,2005
[7]张春霞.林业经济体制转变研究.北京：中国林业出版社,1996
[8]保罗·萨缪尔森,威廉·诺德豪斯.微观经济学.北京：人民邮电出版杜,2004
[9]诺斯.经济史中的结构与变迁.上海：上海人民出版社,1994
[10]马克思.资本论(1-3卷).上海：上海三联书店,2006
[11]诺斯.制度、制度变迁与经济发展.上海：上海三联书店,1994
[12]埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆,公共事物的治理之道——集体行动制度的演进.上海：上海三联书店,2000
[13]宋逢明,黄建兴等.关于开展小额林权抵押贷款的政策建议,林业经济,2009,(4)：3-4
[14]江机生,缪光平.关于妥善解决集体林权流转历史遗留问题的思考,林业经济,2009,(4)：47-49
[15]贾治邦.集体林改是扩大内需应对危机的重要途径,中国经济周刊,2009,(10)：30-31
[16]王珺,张蕾等.关于开展政策性森林保险的建议,林业经济,2009,(4)：28-29
[17]朱冬亮,张梅,新集体林权制度改革研究：一个简要的回顾,安徽农学通报,2009,15(06)：115-118
[18]夏云万,集体林林权制度改革后实现林农增收并维护生态文明的思考,林业调查规划,2009,(4)：93-94
[19]贺东航,朱冬亮,关于集体林权制度改革若干重大问题的思考,经济社会体制比较,2009(2)：21-28
[20]高岚,李怡,陈叙图,集体林权改革的制度障碍与对策研究,华南农业大学学报,2009,2(8)：22-26
[21]刘金龙,集体林权改革面临的突出问题和加强林改研究的建议,林业工作研究,2009(2)：24-29
[22]贺东航,储建国,朱冬亮,集休林权制度改革中的社会公平研究,社会主义研究,2009(2)：109-113
[23]冯新富,我国集体林权制度存在问题及原因分析,林业建设,2009(1)：12-14
[24]中共云南省委云南省人民政府关于深化集体林权制度改革的决定,林业工作研究,2007, (3)：39-47
[25]刘惠民,云南林业生态建设的问题及对策,西南林学院学报,2005,3,(1)：5-8
[26]吕孝侠,集体林权制度改革与林地流转初步研究,林业经济问题,2009,29,(1)：81-84
[27]李娅.江西省集体林区林权改革效果、问题及对策研究：[硕士学位论文].河北：河北农业大学,2007
[28]高立英.河北省集体林权制度改革研究：[硕士学位论文].河北：河北农业大学,2008
[29]禹丹云.锦屏县集体林区林权制度改革的问题与对策：[硕士学位论文].贵州：贵州大学,2008
[30]山丹.内蒙古集体林权制度改革研究：[硕士学位论文].内蒙古：内蒙古农业大学,2009
[31]饶际源.我国集体林权制度改革初探：[硕士学位论文].厦门：厦门大学,2009
[32]张秀媚.我国集体林业产权制度改革研究：[硕士学位论文].福建：福建师范大学,2008
[33]周经纬.云南省非公有制林业激励机制研究：[硕士学位论文].昆明：西南林学院,2005
[34]Michael Touen. Getting it Right:Emerging Markets for Storing Carbon in Forests. World Resources Institute working paper,1999(5):12
[35]Clarke M. Devolving forest owner ship through privatization in New Zew Zealand. UnasyIva,1999, Vol 50
[36]Chambers, Robert. Methods for Analysis by farmers:The professional challenge. Journal for Fanning Systems Research Extension,1993,4(1): 87-101
[37]Schlager E., E. Ostrom. Property-rights regimes and natural resources:A conceptual analysis. Land Economics,1992,68(3):249-262
[38]Vincent J. Bindley C. Efficient Multiple—Use. Forestry May Require Land—Us Specialization. LandEconom,1993, Vol:69
[39]Alchian, A. Uncertainty, and Evolution and Economic. Journal of Political Economy,1950, (58):211-222
[40]谢浩,张安华,宋笑然,中外林权制度立法比较,黑龙江科技信息,2009(7)：191
[41]马志雄,“均山制+林业专业合作”的集体林权改革路径探讨,山东省农业管理干部学院学报,2009,23(2)：56-58
[42]李纪恒,把集体林权制度改革推向深入,云南林业,2008,29(4)：6-7
[43]曹元,积极推进配套改革加快发展现代林业,林业经济,2009(1)：13-15
[44]张冲平,李建友,何丕坤,云南集体林权制度改革的理论思考,林业调查规划,2006,10(5)：134—138
[45]胡崇德,王晓毅,王红艳,雷建青,陕西省集体林权制度改革面临的问题成因分析—以太白县北沟村为例,现代农业科技,2009(2)：253-256
[46]李秀琴,集体林权制度改革后森林资源保护和管理模式探索,林业调查规划,2009,4,(34)：82-86
[47]朱小静,论林权流转的监管——基于福建省南平市集体林权制度改革的经验,安徽农业科学,2009,37,(1)：394—396
[48]刘家顺,张升,关于江西省林权抵押贷款的调研报告,林业经济,2009,(4)：15-17
[2]Peter H. Pearse. Property rights and forest tenure systems[A].introduction to forest economics. Canada:UBC Press,1992
[3]Ostrom E., E. Schlager. The formation of property fights[A], S. Hanna, C. Folke, and K. Maler. Rights to nature. Washington, D.C.: Island Press,1996
[4]Danid W. Bromly. Property Rights as Authority Systems:The Role of Rules in Resource Management[A].emerging iusses in forest policy. Canada:UBC Press,1992
[5]徐秀英.南方集体林区森林可持续经营的林权制度研究.北京：中国林业出版社,2005
[6]高岚.林业经济管理学.北京：中国林业出版社,2005
[7]张春霞.林业经济体制转变研究.北京：中国林业出版社,1996
[8]保罗·萨缪尔森,威廉·诺德豪斯.微观经济学.北京：人民邮电出版杜,2004
[9]诺斯.经济史中的结构与变迁.上海：上海人民出版社,1994
[10]马克思.资本论(1-3卷).上海：上海三联书店,2006
[11]诺斯.制度、制度变迁与经济发展.上海：上海三联书店,1994
[12]埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆,公共事物的治理之道——集体行动制度的演进.上海：上海三联书店,2000
[13]宋逢明,黄建兴等.关于开展小额林权抵押贷款的政策建议,林业经济,2009,(4)：3-4
[14]江机生,缪光平.关于妥善解决集体林权流转历史遗留问题的思考,林业经济,2009,(4)：47-49
[15]贾治邦.集体林改是扩大内需应对危机的重要途径,中国经济周刊,2009,(10)：30-31
[16]王珺,张蕾等.关于开展政策性森林保险的建议,林业经济,2009,(4)：28-29
[17]朱冬亮,张梅,新集体林权制度改革研究：一个简要的回顾,安徽农学通报,2009,15(06)：115-118
[18]夏云万,集体林林权制度改革后实现林农增收并维护生态文明的思考,林业调查规划,2009,(4)：93-94
[19]贺东航,朱冬亮,关于集体林权制度改革若干重大问题的思考,经济社会体制比较,2009(2)：21-28
[20]高岚,李怡,陈叙图,集体林权改革的制度障碍与对策研究,华南农业大学学报,2009,2(8)：22-26
[21]刘金龙,集体林权改革面临的突出问题和加强林改研究的建议,林业工作研究,2009(2)：24-29
[22]贺东航,储建国,朱冬亮,集休林权制度改革中的社会公平研究,社会主义研究,2009(2)：109-113
[23]冯新富,我国集体林权制度存在问题及原因分析,林业建设,2009(1)：12-14
[24]中共云南省委云南省人民政府关于深化集体林权制度改革的决定,林业工作研究,2007, (3)：39-47
[25]刘惠民,云南林业生态建设的问题及对策,西南林学院学报,2005,3,(1)：5-8
[26]吕孝侠,集体林权制度改革与林地流转初步研究,林业经济问题,2009,29,(1)：81-84
[27]李娅.江西省集体林区林权改革效果、问题及对策研究：[硕士学位论文].河北：河北农业大学,2007
[28]高立英.河北省集体林权制度改革研究：[硕士学位论文].河北：河北农业大学,2008
[29]禹丹云.锦屏县集体林区林权制度改革的问题与对策：[硕士学位论文].贵州：贵州大学,2008
[30]山丹.内蒙古集体林权制度改革研究：[硕士学位论文].内蒙古：内蒙古农业大学,2009
[31]饶际源.我国集体林权制度改革初探：[硕士学位论文].厦门：厦门大学,2009
[32]张秀媚.我国集体林业产权制度改革研究：[硕士学位论文].福建：福建师范大学,2008
[33]周经纬.云南省非公有制林业激励机制研究：[硕士学位论文].昆明：西南林学院,2005
[34]Michael Touen. Getting it Right:Emerging Markets for Storing Carbon in Forests. World Resources Institute working paper,1999(5):12
[35]Clarke M. Devolving forest owner ship through privatization in New Zew Zealand. UnasyIva,1999, Vol 50
[36]Chambers, Robert. Methods for Analysis by farmers:The professional challenge. Journal for Fanning Systems Research Extension,1993,4(1): 87-101
[37]Schlager E., E. Ostrom. Property-rights regimes and natural resources:A conceptual analysis. Land Economics,1992,68(3):249-262
[38]Vincent J. Bindley C. Efficient Multiple—Use. Forestry May Require Land—Us Specialization. LandEconom,1993, Vol:69
[39]Alchian, A. Uncertainty, and Evolution and Economic. Journal of Political Economy,1950, (58):211-222
[40]谢浩,张安华,宋笑然,中外林权制度立法比较,黑龙江科技信息,2009(7)：191
[41]马志雄,“均山制+林业专业合作”的集体林权改革路径探讨,山东省农业管理干部学院学报,2009,23(2)：56-58
[42]李纪恒,把集体林权制度改革推向深入,云南林业,2008,29(4)：6-7
[43]曹元,积极推进配套改革加快发展现代林业,林业经济,2009(1)：13-15
[44]张冲平,李建友,何丕坤,云南集体林权制度改革的理论思考,林业调查规划,2006,10(5)：134—138
[45]胡崇德,王晓毅,王红艳,雷建青,陕西省集体林权制度改革面临的问题成因分析—以太白县北沟村为例,现代农业科技,2009(2)：253-256
[46]李秀琴,集体林权制度改革后森林资源保护和管理模式探索,林业调查规划,2009,4,(34)：82-86
[47]朱小静,论林权流转的监管——基于福建省南平市集体林权制度改革的经验,安徽农业科学,2009,37,(1)：394—396
[48]刘家顺,张升,关于江西省林权抵押贷款的调研报告,林业经济,2009,(4)：15-17