深海顶张力立管参激—涡激耦合动力响应分析
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摘要
深海立管是深海油气资源勘探开发的关键设施,所处的服役环境复杂。本文考虑深海立管顶部浮体运动及涡激振动的耦合作用,研究立管的动力响应。
本文提出了两种立管模型:两端铰支,轴力定常的理论分析模型和考虑张紧环运动及轴力随水深变化的实际立管结构模型。对这两种立管模型进行固有振动特性分析,确定其振动频率及模态;提出了考虑浮体升沉运动影响的立管参激-涡激耦合振动分析模型,研究参数激励下立管发生参激共振的条件,并分析阻尼对立管参激不稳定区的影响;利用数值计算的方法,分别计算立管单纯涡激振动和参激-涡激耦合振动情况下的动力响应,应用结构的S-N曲线及Miner损伤理论计算立管的疲劳损伤,研究不同海洋环境参数及立管结构参数对于立管动力响应及疲劳损伤的影响。
研究表明,考虑张紧环运动及轴力随水深的变化,立管的横向振动频率小于理论模型的振动频率;对于立管系统的参激不稳定性,当平台的升沉频率接近或者等于立管横向振动频率2倍时发生一阶参激共振,这部分参激不稳定区是立管参激振动最重要的部分;考虑立管上部浮体运动导致的参数激励影响,立管的横向振动响应增大、疲劳损伤增大,研究结果表明立管设计时要充分考虑参激振动和涡激振动的耦合响应。
The risers are the key facilities in the oil and gas exploration in deep sea, theservice environment is very complicated. The dynamic response is studiedconsidering the coupling between heave motion of the platform andVIV.
The two riser models are proposed: one is the theorical analysis model, the axialforce is const and the riser is pinned; the other one is practical model, the axial forceis varying with the water-depth, and the top of the riser is connected to thetension-ring. First, the natural vibration characteristics of deep-water riser are studiedto confirm the frequency and the modal; Secondly, the vibration analysis model isproposed considering the coupling between the parametric excitation caused by theheave motion of platform and VIV to discuss the parameter instability and thedamping’s effect to the instability. Finally, the dynamic responses of VIV and coupledVIV-Parametric excitation are calculated using the numerical evaluation, also thecumulative damage is computed considering the S-N curve and Miner theory.Parameters of the riser and marine environment are changed to study therelationship between dynamic response and these parameters.
Research shows that the frequencies are different between the two models, as thepractical model’s results are smaller than the theorical model’s results. For theparameteric instability, when the heave frequency is twice the natural frequency of theriser, the first order parametric instibility occured, this zone is the most important anddangerous zone. When calculating the dynamic response, the parametric excitationmakes the response larger than that without parametric excitation, and the cumulativedamage is much bigger than which has no parametric excitation, the same asparametric excitation’s effect to the cumulative damage. As a result, when design thedeep-water riser, the coupling between parameter excitation and VIV must beconsidered.
本文提出了两种立管模型:两端铰支,轴力定常的理论分析模型和考虑张紧环运动及轴力随水深变化的实际立管结构模型。对这两种立管模型进行固有振动特性分析,确定其振动频率及模态;提出了考虑浮体升沉运动影响的立管参激-涡激耦合振动分析模型,研究参数激励下立管发生参激共振的条件,并分析阻尼对立管参激不稳定区的影响;利用数值计算的方法,分别计算立管单纯涡激振动和参激-涡激耦合振动情况下的动力响应,应用结构的S-N曲线及Miner损伤理论计算立管的疲劳损伤,研究不同海洋环境参数及立管结构参数对于立管动力响应及疲劳损伤的影响。
研究表明,考虑张紧环运动及轴力随水深的变化,立管的横向振动频率小于理论模型的振动频率;对于立管系统的参激不稳定性,当平台的升沉频率接近或者等于立管横向振动频率2倍时发生一阶参激共振,这部分参激不稳定区是立管参激振动最重要的部分;考虑立管上部浮体运动导致的参数激励影响,立管的横向振动响应增大、疲劳损伤增大,研究结果表明立管设计时要充分考虑参激振动和涡激振动的耦合响应。
The risers are the key facilities in the oil and gas exploration in deep sea, theservice environment is very complicated. The dynamic response is studiedconsidering the coupling between heave motion of the platform andVIV.
The two riser models are proposed: one is the theorical analysis model, the axialforce is const and the riser is pinned; the other one is practical model, the axial forceis varying with the water-depth, and the top of the riser is connected to thetension-ring. First, the natural vibration characteristics of deep-water riser are studiedto confirm the frequency and the modal; Secondly, the vibration analysis model isproposed considering the coupling between the parametric excitation caused by theheave motion of platform and VIV to discuss the parameter instability and thedamping’s effect to the instability. Finally, the dynamic responses of VIV and coupledVIV-Parametric excitation are calculated using the numerical evaluation, also thecumulative damage is computed considering the S-N curve and Miner theory.Parameters of the riser and marine environment are changed to study therelationship between dynamic response and these parameters.
Research shows that the frequencies are different between the two models, as thepractical model’s results are smaller than the theorical model’s results. For theparameteric instability, when the heave frequency is twice the natural frequency of theriser, the first order parametric instibility occured, this zone is the most important anddangerous zone. When calculating the dynamic response, the parametric excitationmakes the response larger than that without parametric excitation, and the cumulativedamage is much bigger than which has no parametric excitation, the same asparametric excitation’s effect to the cumulative damage. As a result, when design thedeep-water riser, the coupling between parameter excitation and VIV must beconsidered.
引文
[1]林海花,隔水管涡激动力响应及疲劳损伤可靠性分析:[博士学位论文],大连:大连理工大学,2008
[2]黄智勇,柔性立管涡激振动时域响应分析:[博士学位论文],上海:上海交通大学,2008
[3]孙传栋,深水顶张力立管的非线性动力分析及浪致疲劳研究:[硕士学位论文],青岛:中国海洋大学,2009
[4]王一飞,深海立管涡激振动疲劳损伤预报方法研究:[博士学位论文],上海:上海交通大学,2008
[5]王懿,段梦兰,李丽娜,何宁,王辉,深水立管安装技术进展[J],石油矿场机械,2009,38(6):4-8
[6]陈云水,王德禹,深水立管的若干结构力学研究进展[J],中国海洋平台,2007,22(5):1-5
[7]黄旭东、张海、王雪松,海洋立管涡激振动的研究现状、热点和展望[J].海洋学研究。2009,27(4):95—100.
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[13]HARTLEN,RT, CURRIE ,I G.Lift—oscillator model for vortex-inducedvibrations[J].Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division EM5,l970,577—591.
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[17]LANDLE, R ,Amathematical model for the vortex excited vibrations of bluffbodies [J] .Journal of Sound andVibration, 1975,42: 219-234.
[18]BALASUBRAMANIAN S, SKOP, RA,HAAN, F L,SZEWCZYKA.AVortex-excited vibrations of uniform pivoted cylinders in uniform and shearflow[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures.2000,14:65—85.
[19]郭海燕,傅强,娄敏.海洋输液立管涡激振动响应及其疲劳寿命研究[J].工程力学,2005,22(4): 220-224.
[20]潘志远,崔维成,刘应中.阶梯状来流中立管的涡激振动响应预报[J].上海交通大学学报,2006,40(6):1064-1068.
[21]FACCHINETTI, M L,LANGRE, E,D E,BIOLLEYF.Coupling of structureand wake oscillators in vortex-induced vibrations[J].Journal of Fluids andStructures, 2004,19(2): 123—140.
[22]VIOLETTE R,LANGRE,E,DE,SZYDLOWSKIJ.Computation of vortex—induced vibrations of long structures using a wake oscillator model:Comparison with DNS and experiments[J].Computers and Structures.2007,85:1134-1141.
[23]秦延龙,王世澎.海洋立管涡激振动计算方法进展[J].中国海洋平台,2008,23(4): 14-17.
[24]SCHULZ K,KALI INDERISY.Unsteady flow structure inter—action forincompressible flows using deformable hybrid grids [J].Journal ofComputational Physics,1998,143:569-597.
[25]毛国栋,赵英轩,戴西行.深水立管涡激振动非线性响应及疲劳分析[J].中国水运,2010,10(5):97-100.
[26]Remi Bourguet, Michael S.Triantafyllou, MichaelTognarelli, Pierre Beynet.Fluid-Structure EnergyTransfer OfATensioned Beam SubjectToVortex-Induced Vibrations In Shear Flow[J].OMAE 2011-49057.
[27]HamedAshuri, Keyvan Sadeghi.ANumerical Model OfVortex-inducedVibration on marine risers[J].OMAE 2011-49610.
[28]任大朋,黄一,刘刚.一种基于ANSYS和FLUENT的海洋立管的涡激响应分析方法[J].中国海洋平台,2007,22(4):32—36.
[29]ChenWeimin, Zheng Zhongqin, Li Min. Effects of varying tension and stiffnesson dynamic characteristics andVIV of slender riser[J].OMAE 2011-49295.
[30] Tomo FUJIWARA, Shotaro UTO, Shigeo KANADA.AN EXPERIMENTALSTUDYOFTHE EFFECTSTHATCHANGETHEVIBRATION MODE OFRISERVIV, Proceedings of theASME 2011 30th International Conference onOcean, Offshore andArctic Engineering, Rotterdam,The Netherlands 2011,OMAE2011-49677.
[31]Romain Vivet, Matthieu Minguez, Christian Berhault, Erwan Jacquin, Fran?oisPetrie, Olivier Flamand. Flat Buoy Concept for Free Standing Riser ApplicationAn Improvement of the In-Place Hydrodynamic Behaviour [J].OMAE2011-49329.
[32]朱克强.驳船升沉与横荡运动下的海洋立管动力响应[J].中外船舶科技,2002,3:1—4.
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[36]I.K. Chatjigeorgiou, S.A. Mavrakos, Bounded and unbounded coupled transverseresponse of parametrically excited vertical marie risers and tensioned cable legsfor marine applications,Applied Ocean Research 24 (2002) 341–354.
[37]H. Suzuki, K. Takano, K. Enomoto, N. Oka, Axial and lateral response of adeepsea riser for scienti?c drilling, Proceedings of Twenty Third InternationalConference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vancouver, BritishColumbia, Canada, 2004(OMAE2004-51094).
[38]H.I. Park, D.H. Jung, A ?nite element method for dynamic analysis of long slender marine structures under combined parametric and forcing excitations,Ocean Engineering 29 (2002) 1313–1325.
[39]Sarpkaya, T.. Vortex-induced oscillations[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics,1979.ASME 46, 241–257.
[40]Anzai,H.,Endo,T..On-site fatigue damage under complex loading[J]. InternationalJournal of Fatigue.1979,1 (1):29-34.
[41]Baarholm, G.S., Larsen, C.M., Lie, et al. Simplified model for evaluation offatigue from vortex induced vibrations of marine risers[J]. In: Proceedings of the23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering,2004,OMAE2004-51407, Vancouver, Canada.
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[2]黄智勇,柔性立管涡激振动时域响应分析:[博士学位论文],上海:上海交通大学,2008
[3]孙传栋,深水顶张力立管的非线性动力分析及浪致疲劳研究:[硕士学位论文],青岛:中国海洋大学,2009
[4]王一飞,深海立管涡激振动疲劳损伤预报方法研究:[博士学位论文],上海:上海交通大学,2008
[5]王懿,段梦兰,李丽娜,何宁,王辉,深水立管安装技术进展[J],石油矿场机械,2009,38(6):4-8
[6]陈云水,王德禹,深水立管的若干结构力学研究进展[J],中国海洋平台,2007,22(5):1-5
[7]黄旭东、张海、王雪松,海洋立管涡激振动的研究现状、热点和展望[J].海洋学研究。2009,27(4):95—100.
[8]SARPKAYAT. Fluid forces on oscillating cylinders[J].ASCE Journal of theWaterwayPort Coastal and Ocean Division. 1978,104:275—290.
[9]MOE G,WU Z J.The lift force on a cylinder vibrating in a current[J].ASCEJournal of Offshore Mechanics andArctic Engineering,1990,112:297—303.
[10]GOPALKRESHNAN R.Vortex induced forces on oscillating bluff cylinders[D].MA, USA:Thesis, Department of Ocean Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, 1993.
[11]Trim,A.D., Braaten , H.,Lie, H.,Tognarelli, M.A., Experimental investigation ofVortex-induced vibration of long marine risers[J]. Journal of Fluids andStructure,2005;21:335-361.
[12]Lie H., Kaasen K.E., Modal analysis of measurements from a large-scaleVIVmodel test of a riser in linearly sheared ?ow [J]. Journal of Fluids andStructure,2006;22:557-575.
[13]HARTLEN,RT, CURRIE ,I G.Lift—oscillator model for vortex-inducedvibrations[J].Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division EM5,l970,577—591.
[14]IWAN,W D,BLEVI NS, R D.Amodel for vortex—induced oscillation ofstructures[J].Journal ofApplied Mechanics,l974,41:58l一586.
[15]SKOP, RA,GRIFFIN O M.Amodel for the vortex—excited response of bluffcylinders[J].Journal of Sound andVibration,1973, 27: 225—233.
[16]GRIFFIN, O M,SKOP, RA,KOOPMAN, G H.The vortex—excited resonantvibration of circular cylinders[J] .Journal of Sound andVibration 1973, 3l:235—249.
[17]LANDLE, R ,Amathematical model for the vortex excited vibrations of bluffbodies [J] .Journal of Sound andVibration, 1975,42: 219-234.
[18]BALASUBRAMANIAN S, SKOP, RA,HAAN, F L,SZEWCZYKA.AVortex-excited vibrations of uniform pivoted cylinders in uniform and shearflow[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures.2000,14:65—85.
[19]郭海燕,傅强,娄敏.海洋输液立管涡激振动响应及其疲劳寿命研究[J].工程力学,2005,22(4): 220-224.
[20]潘志远,崔维成,刘应中.阶梯状来流中立管的涡激振动响应预报[J].上海交通大学学报,2006,40(6):1064-1068.
[21]FACCHINETTI, M L,LANGRE, E,D E,BIOLLEYF.Coupling of structureand wake oscillators in vortex-induced vibrations[J].Journal of Fluids andStructures, 2004,19(2): 123—140.
[22]VIOLETTE R,LANGRE,E,DE,SZYDLOWSKIJ.Computation of vortex—induced vibrations of long structures using a wake oscillator model:Comparison with DNS and experiments[J].Computers and Structures.2007,85:1134-1141.
[23]秦延龙,王世澎.海洋立管涡激振动计算方法进展[J].中国海洋平台,2008,23(4): 14-17.
[24]SCHULZ K,KALI INDERISY.Unsteady flow structure inter—action forincompressible flows using deformable hybrid grids [J].Journal ofComputational Physics,1998,143:569-597.
[25]毛国栋,赵英轩,戴西行.深水立管涡激振动非线性响应及疲劳分析[J].中国水运,2010,10(5):97-100.
[26]Remi Bourguet, Michael S.Triantafyllou, MichaelTognarelli, Pierre Beynet.Fluid-Structure EnergyTransfer OfATensioned Beam SubjectToVortex-Induced Vibrations In Shear Flow[J].OMAE 2011-49057.
[27]HamedAshuri, Keyvan Sadeghi.ANumerical Model OfVortex-inducedVibration on marine risers[J].OMAE 2011-49610.
[28]任大朋,黄一,刘刚.一种基于ANSYS和FLUENT的海洋立管的涡激响应分析方法[J].中国海洋平台,2007,22(4):32—36.
[29]ChenWeimin, Zheng Zhongqin, Li Min. Effects of varying tension and stiffnesson dynamic characteristics andVIV of slender riser[J].OMAE 2011-49295.
[30] Tomo FUJIWARA, Shotaro UTO, Shigeo KANADA.AN EXPERIMENTALSTUDYOFTHE EFFECTSTHATCHANGETHEVIBRATION MODE OFRISERVIV, Proceedings of theASME 2011 30th International Conference onOcean, Offshore andArctic Engineering, Rotterdam,The Netherlands 2011,OMAE2011-49677.
[31]Romain Vivet, Matthieu Minguez, Christian Berhault, Erwan Jacquin, Fran?oisPetrie, Olivier Flamand. Flat Buoy Concept for Free Standing Riser ApplicationAn Improvement of the In-Place Hydrodynamic Behaviour [J].OMAE2011-49329.
[32]朱克强.驳船升沉与横荡运动下的海洋立管动力响应[J].中外船舶科技,2002,3:1—4.
[33]杨和振,李华军,参数激励下深海立管动力特性研究[J],振动与冲击,2009,28(9):65-69
[34]C.S. Hsu, The response of a parametrically excited hanging string in ?uid, Journal of Sound andVibration 39 (1975) 305–316.
[35]M.H. Patel, H.I. Park, Combined axial and lateral responses of tensioned buoyantplatform tethers, Engineering Structures 17 (1995)687–695.
[36]I.K. Chatjigeorgiou, S.A. Mavrakos, Bounded and unbounded coupled transverseresponse of parametrically excited vertical marie risers and tensioned cable legsfor marine applications,Applied Ocean Research 24 (2002) 341–354.
[37]H. Suzuki, K. Takano, K. Enomoto, N. Oka, Axial and lateral response of adeepsea riser for scienti?c drilling, Proceedings of Twenty Third InternationalConference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vancouver, BritishColumbia, Canada, 2004(OMAE2004-51094).
[38]H.I. Park, D.H. Jung, A ?nite element method for dynamic analysis of long slender marine structures under combined parametric and forcing excitations,Ocean Engineering 29 (2002) 1313–1325.
[39]Sarpkaya, T.. Vortex-induced oscillations[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics,1979.ASME 46, 241–257.
[40]Anzai,H.,Endo,T..On-site fatigue damage under complex loading[J]. InternationalJournal of Fatigue.1979,1 (1):29-34.
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