区域科技资源集聚能力研究
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摘要
科技资源在某些区域的集聚现象,是人类社会发展到近代以来所呈现出的日益明显的一种社会现象,已受到了众多学者的关注。本文以管理学、系统科学、社会学等多学科的理论知识为基础,深入研究了以下四个方面的内容。
     第一,界定了区域科技资源集聚的含义,并分析了科技资源集聚的内在机制。本文从活动和过程角度,将区域科技资源集聚界定为,在特定区域中,在政府和市场的作用下,通过科技活动各行为主体的相互作用,使各类科技资源集中与整合的过程和状态。科技资源在一个区域的集聚过程是一个复杂的经济和社会过程,一般包括点状、块状、网络化集聚等三个阶段。根据市场和政府在科技资源集聚过程中作用的不同,可以将一个区域的科技资源集聚分为市场主导型、政府主导型和协同型等三种集聚模式。面向创新链,区域科技资源的集聚一般是通过以下四种形式进行的,即基于工艺流程创新的资源集聚、基于产品创新的资源集聚、基于功能创新的资源集聚和基于跨产业创新的资源集聚。
     第二,界定了区域科技资源集聚能力的含义,构建了其评价指标体系。区域科技资源集聚能力是指创新系统在创新活动过程中所具有的吸纳、凝聚、配置和激活各种创新资源的能力。区域科技资源集聚能力分为绝对集聚能力和相对集聚能力两大类型。根据区域科技资源集聚能力评价的目的,鉴于区域科技资源集聚能力的创新与价值实现的功能,遵循一致性、可比性、科学性、实用性原则,本文构建了区域科技资源集聚能力评价指标体系。
     第三,构建了关于区域科技资源集聚能力的矩阵和评价模型。区域科技资源集聚能力是一个复杂的能力系统,根据数据的可获得性、实用性以及评价指标的相关性,本文构建了区域科技资源集聚能力的矩阵,该矩阵涉及土地空间、经济空间、人口空间三个方面,由十五种区域集聚能力指标构成。本文分别基于存量和增量,构建了区域科技资源集聚能力的评价模型。
     第四,进行了实证研究。本文一方面借助加权变差系数法,深入分析了天津、北京等东部八个省市整体上存在资源集聚能力不均衡的现象,研究结果表明,东部八个省市能力差距较大。另一方面,从土地、人口和经济三个空间分析了东部八个省市的科技资源聚集能力。研究表明,土地空间角度的天津市四个方面科技资源集聚能力较强,位居前三;从经济空间和人口空间角度看,天津的科技资源集聚能力靠后。文章最后提出了天津提高科技资源集聚能力的具体对策。
As an increasingly obvious social phenomenon with the development of humansociety in modern times, agglomeration phenomenon of science and technologyresource in certain regions has been a concern for many scholars. This article which isbased on theoretical knowledge of Management Science, System Science, Sociologyand other disciplines is an in-depth study on the following four aspects.
     Firstly,this paper defines the meaning of region’s agglomeration of science andtechnology resource, and analyses the internal mechanism of agglomeration of scienceand technology resource. From the perspective of activity and process, this paperdefines region’s agglomeration of science and technology resource as a process andstate of concentration and integration of science and technology resource through theinteraction of various actors of science and technology activities under the action ofgovernment and market in a specific area. Agglomeration process of science andtechnology resource in a region is a complex economic and social process, andgenerally includes three stages of dot, block and network. According to the differentrole of market and government in the process of agglomeration of science andtechnology resource, the agglomeration of science and technology of a region can bedivided into market-leading model, government-leading model and collaborativemodel. For the innovation chain, region’s agglomeration of science and technologyresource is generally carried out through the following four forms, namelyagglomeration of resource based on process innovation, product innovation, functioninnovation and cross-industry innovation.
     Secondly, this paper defines the meaning of region’s agglomerative ability ofscience and technology resource, and builds its evaluation index system. Region’sagglomerative ability of science and technology resource is the ability of innovationsystem to absorb, agglomerate, configure and activate innovative resources in theinnovation process. Region’s agglomerative ability of science and technology resourceis divided into absolute agglomerative ability and relative agglomerative ability.According to the purposes of evaluation of region’s agglomerative ability of scienceand technology resource, in view of the function of innovation and value of region’sagglomerative ability of science and technology resource, this paper constructs anevaluation index system of region’s agglomerative ability of science and technologyresource following the consistent, comparative, scientific and pragmatic principles.
     Thirdly, this paper builds a matrix and an evaluation model of region’sagglomerative ability of science and technology resource. Region’s agglomerativeability of science and technology resource is a complex system. According to theavailability of data, usability and relevance of evaluation index, this paper builds amatrix of region’s agglomerative ability of science and technology resource whichinvolves three aspects of land space, economy space and population space, and is madeup of15indices of region’s agglomerative ability. This article builds an evaluationmodel of region’s agglomerative ability of science and technology resource based onthe amount and increment.
     Fourthly, this paper conducts the empirical study. On the one hand, this articledeeply analyses the unbalanced phenomenon of agglomerative ability of resource ofTianjin, Beijing etc. eight provinces and cities in the east on a whole by the method ofweighted coefficient of variation. Research results indicate that there is a largercapacity gap of agglomerative ability of resource in eight provinces and cities in theeast. On the other hand, this paper analyses the agglomerative ability of science andtechnology resource of eight provinces and cities in the east from land space, economyspace and population space. Research has shown that the agglomerative ability ofscience and technology resource of four aspects of Tianjin is stronger, the top three,from the perspective of land space. But from the perspective of population space andeconomic space, Tianjin’s agglomerative ability of science and technology resource isrearward. This paper concludes with specific countermeasures of improving Tianjin’sagglomerative ability of science and technology resource.
引文
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