军校新生心理弹性因素及心理训练对心理健康影响的实证研究
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摘要
心理弹性的相关研究近年来已成为心理学研究的热点领域。心理弹性作为一种积极的心理品质,对个体成功应对压力,并获得良好发展具有重要意义。军校新生正处于心理生理的未成熟期,是青年个体从普通的青少年身份向军人身份过渡的过程。把握并利用好这一关键过程,对军校培养高素质人才至关重要;在此过程中对新生进行必要的辅导和帮助,对其今后的学习生活具有重要意义。而在此过程中,心理弹性作为一个重要变量,严重影响新生的适应性,因此,摸清新生心理状况特点和变化规律,探索心理弹性因素对其心理健康水平的影响规律,并在此基础上采取针对性的心理训练,对提高新生的适应性,提升其心理健康水平,进而帮助其完成角色转变均具有重要意义。
本研究的主要目的,就是通过不同时间点的心理测量,掌握新生入校后一定时期内心理状况的变化规律,并在此基础上重点探讨心理弹性因素对新生心理健康的影响模型,进而总结摸索一套适合军校新生的提升其心理健康水平的心理训练方法,从全新的角度扩充军校人才培养经验模式。
本研究主要由三部分组成:
第一部分:军校新生心理状况追踪调查。通过问卷调查的方法分别在新生入校一周内、军训结束后、军训结束三个月后三个时间点进行追踪,以了解在自然状态下新生心理健康水平、自我效能感、社会支持、应对方式、心理弹性等的变化规律。
第二部分:军校新生心理弹性因素对心理健康影响的研究。在问卷调查的基础上,通过结构方程模型探讨心理弹性因素对心理健康影响的结构关系。
第三部分:团体心理训练对新生心理健康水平提升效果研究。探索一套适合军校新生的团体心理训练方案,并检验其对新生心理健康水平的提升效果。
本研究的主要结论如下:
1.新生的心理健康状况在刚入校和临近学期末时较差,而在军训刚结束时较好;自我效能感在刚入校和第一学期结束前较高,军训刚结束时最低;新生在刚入校时较少采用积极应对方式,此后较多采取积极的应对方式;新生的社会支持、心理弹性、状态-特质焦虑无显著变化。
2.在心理弹性因素对心理健康影响结构模型中,“稳定弹性”因素对新生心理健康状况影响最大,其次是“不成熟应对”和“成熟应对”因素。“稳定弹性”因素中,对心理健康影响由大到小依次是:状态焦虑、特质焦虑、心理弹性、自我效能、社会支持;“成熟应对”因素中,对心理健康影响由大到小依次是:解决问题、求助、合理化;“不成熟应对”因素中,对心理健康影响由大到小依次是自责、幻想、退避。
3.团体心理训练能有效改善新生心理健康状况,并具有较长效的作用。
Resilience reasearch has become the hot zone in recently years. As a positive phychological quality, it plays a crutial role in confronting stress and obtaining better development.
Freshmen in military school are imature physically or mentally and are in transition from ordinary adolensence to military men. It is crutial to take good advantage of this key process for the nurturing of talents with high-qualification. Necessary aids and guildance for freshmen are meaningful in their later study and daily life. In this process,as a major variable, Resiliece imposes great effects on freshmen’s adaptation ability. Therefore, we could enhance the adaptation capability of frenshmen as well as their phychological health level by targeted phychological treaining based on the research on freshmen’s phychological features, changing pattern and impact of phychological resilience.
The major target of this reseach is to master the phychological changing pattern within given time by phychological measurement, and focuses on discussion of impact pattern of resilience factor. From the research, a set of proper phychological training approaches for enhancing freshmen’s phychological health level shall be concluded, thus to expand talent nurturing experience pattern for military school.
This research is composed of three parts:
First part: Questionnaire investigation for mental state of freshmen. Through questionnaire investigation approach at three points- within one week from entrant to school, right after military training, and three months after military training-to understand changing pattern of freshmen’s mental health, self-efficacy, social support, coping style, and resilience etc.
Second Part: Research on the impact of resilience on phychological health. Based on the questionnaire, carry on discussion of the impact of resilience on phychological health by Structure Equation Model.
Third Part: Research on the enhancing impact of Group Psychological Training on mental health level. Put forward a set of phychological training approaches suitable for military school freshmen, and test its enhancing effect on mental health level.
Major conclusions of the reseach:
1. The mental health state is comparatively poor at the beginning and at the end of semester, while it is better right after military training. Self-efficacy is comparatively high at the beginning of entrance and before the end of first semester, while is lowest after military training. Freshmen seldom adopt positive coping style at the beginning of entrance, while they use it more often later. Other factors like social support, resilience and State-Trait anxiety do not have apparent difference.
2. Within the impact structural model of resilence on phychological health,“stable resilience”is the top factor, followed by negative coping and positive coping. In“stable resilience”, the level of impact is put in following order: state anxiety, trait anxiety, resilience, self-efficacy and social support. In“positive coping”, the level of impact is put in following order: problem resolving, reference to others and reasonability. In“negative coping”, the level of impact is put in following order: self-blame, illusion and withdrawl.
3. Group Phychological Training can effectively improve mental health state of freshmen, and has long-tern effect.
本研究的主要目的,就是通过不同时间点的心理测量,掌握新生入校后一定时期内心理状况的变化规律,并在此基础上重点探讨心理弹性因素对新生心理健康的影响模型,进而总结摸索一套适合军校新生的提升其心理健康水平的心理训练方法,从全新的角度扩充军校人才培养经验模式。
本研究主要由三部分组成:
第一部分:军校新生心理状况追踪调查。通过问卷调查的方法分别在新生入校一周内、军训结束后、军训结束三个月后三个时间点进行追踪,以了解在自然状态下新生心理健康水平、自我效能感、社会支持、应对方式、心理弹性等的变化规律。
第二部分:军校新生心理弹性因素对心理健康影响的研究。在问卷调查的基础上,通过结构方程模型探讨心理弹性因素对心理健康影响的结构关系。
第三部分:团体心理训练对新生心理健康水平提升效果研究。探索一套适合军校新生的团体心理训练方案,并检验其对新生心理健康水平的提升效果。
本研究的主要结论如下:
1.新生的心理健康状况在刚入校和临近学期末时较差,而在军训刚结束时较好;自我效能感在刚入校和第一学期结束前较高,军训刚结束时最低;新生在刚入校时较少采用积极应对方式,此后较多采取积极的应对方式;新生的社会支持、心理弹性、状态-特质焦虑无显著变化。
2.在心理弹性因素对心理健康影响结构模型中,“稳定弹性”因素对新生心理健康状况影响最大,其次是“不成熟应对”和“成熟应对”因素。“稳定弹性”因素中,对心理健康影响由大到小依次是:状态焦虑、特质焦虑、心理弹性、自我效能、社会支持;“成熟应对”因素中,对心理健康影响由大到小依次是:解决问题、求助、合理化;“不成熟应对”因素中,对心理健康影响由大到小依次是自责、幻想、退避。
3.团体心理训练能有效改善新生心理健康状况,并具有较长效的作用。
Resilience reasearch has become the hot zone in recently years. As a positive phychological quality, it plays a crutial role in confronting stress and obtaining better development.
Freshmen in military school are imature physically or mentally and are in transition from ordinary adolensence to military men. It is crutial to take good advantage of this key process for the nurturing of talents with high-qualification. Necessary aids and guildance for freshmen are meaningful in their later study and daily life. In this process,as a major variable, Resiliece imposes great effects on freshmen’s adaptation ability. Therefore, we could enhance the adaptation capability of frenshmen as well as their phychological health level by targeted phychological treaining based on the research on freshmen’s phychological features, changing pattern and impact of phychological resilience.
The major target of this reseach is to master the phychological changing pattern within given time by phychological measurement, and focuses on discussion of impact pattern of resilience factor. From the research, a set of proper phychological training approaches for enhancing freshmen’s phychological health level shall be concluded, thus to expand talent nurturing experience pattern for military school.
This research is composed of three parts:
First part: Questionnaire investigation for mental state of freshmen. Through questionnaire investigation approach at three points- within one week from entrant to school, right after military training, and three months after military training-to understand changing pattern of freshmen’s mental health, self-efficacy, social support, coping style, and resilience etc.
Second Part: Research on the impact of resilience on phychological health. Based on the questionnaire, carry on discussion of the impact of resilience on phychological health by Structure Equation Model.
Third Part: Research on the enhancing impact of Group Psychological Training on mental health level. Put forward a set of phychological training approaches suitable for military school freshmen, and test its enhancing effect on mental health level.
Major conclusions of the reseach:
1. The mental health state is comparatively poor at the beginning and at the end of semester, while it is better right after military training. Self-efficacy is comparatively high at the beginning of entrance and before the end of first semester, while is lowest after military training. Freshmen seldom adopt positive coping style at the beginning of entrance, while they use it more often later. Other factors like social support, resilience and State-Trait anxiety do not have apparent difference.
2. Within the impact structural model of resilence on phychological health,“stable resilience”is the top factor, followed by negative coping and positive coping. In“stable resilience”, the level of impact is put in following order: state anxiety, trait anxiety, resilience, self-efficacy and social support. In“positive coping”, the level of impact is put in following order: problem resolving, reference to others and reasonability. In“negative coping”, the level of impact is put in following order: self-blame, illusion and withdrawl.
3. Group Phychological Training can effectively improve mental health state of freshmen, and has long-tern effect.
引文
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