基于IDA的近、远场地震动下结构响应特征差异比较
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摘要
地震是一种破坏力十分强大的自然灾害,地震发生时会对在其影响范围内的建筑结构和设备、设施造成严重损伤和破坏。由于地震本身存在很大的不确定性,影响地震动特征的因素又十分复杂,这就造成了结构在不同地震动作用下的动力响应和损伤程度表现出明显差异。本文主要探讨震源距离对地震动特征的影响,以及不同震源距离下地震动对一个六层框架结构作用效果的差异。
本文根据近场和远场地震动的定义分别各选取了11个单方向地震动记录,对原始加速度记录进行了基线校正等前期处理,计算了地震动的速度时程和反应谱等数据,对比分析了两类地震动自身特征的差异；本文建立了一个六层平面框架的非线性动力分析模型,在Perform-3d程序中采用纤维截面模拟其构件非线性行为；最后本文使用所选的地震动对结构进行了增量动力(IDA)分析,对比了近场和远场地震动下结构动力响应特点的差异,分析了导致差异的可能原因。
本文通过对比所选的两类地震动,发现了近场地震动大多具有较明显的脉冲特性,且与远场地震动比其加速度反应谱峰值段较长,下降段也相对更平缓,这可能导致结构受到更大的地震作用；通过对比两类地震动下六层框架结构的动力响应,发现了在地震动强度相同时,近场地震动会给该结构带来更大位移反应和相对较小的内力反应,在具有较强脉冲特征的地震动作用下,该结构会表现得更容易屈服和更快达到极限状态。
Earthquake is a kind of natural disasters with strong destructive power, when an earthquake occurs, it will cause serious damage and even destruction on the building structure and facilities in it's scope of the impact. The earthquake itself exists great uncertainty, and the factors to influence the characteristics of earthquake ground motion is very complicated, it causes that, the dynamic response and damage degree of a structure under the effect of different ground motions shows a great difference. This paper mainly discusses the influence of earthquake epicenter distance to the characteristics of earthquake ground motion, and the difference of structure dynamic response under the ground motion with different epicenter distance.
Main work include:Choosing11single direction ground motion records according to the definition of near field and far field earthquake respectively, do some preliminary processing to the original acceleration records such as baseline correction, calculating the velocity and response spectrum of the ground motion, comparing the difference between the characteristics of two kinds of ground motion; Building up a nonlinear dynamic analysis model of a plane frame of6, simulating the nonlinear behavior of components with fiber cross section in the Perform-3d application; Using the selected ground motion records for incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) of the structure, statistical processing the calculation results, comparing the structure dynamic response under the ground motion of near field and far field for their difference, then analysis the possible cause of the difference.
By comparing the selected two classes of ground motion, we found that the near field earthquake have obvious pulse characteristics, and compared with far field earthquake, it has a longer period of acceleration response spectrum peak, the decline is relatively flat, his can cause bigger seismic action on structure; By comparing the structure dynamic response under the two kinds of ground motions, we found that, with the same ground motion intensity, near field earthquake will cause bigger displacement response and but smaller internal force response, under the ground motion effect with stronger pulse characteristics, Structure will behave to be easier to yield and faster to limit state.
本文根据近场和远场地震动的定义分别各选取了11个单方向地震动记录,对原始加速度记录进行了基线校正等前期处理,计算了地震动的速度时程和反应谱等数据,对比分析了两类地震动自身特征的差异；本文建立了一个六层平面框架的非线性动力分析模型,在Perform-3d程序中采用纤维截面模拟其构件非线性行为；最后本文使用所选的地震动对结构进行了增量动力(IDA)分析,对比了近场和远场地震动下结构动力响应特点的差异,分析了导致差异的可能原因。
本文通过对比所选的两类地震动,发现了近场地震动大多具有较明显的脉冲特性,且与远场地震动比其加速度反应谱峰值段较长,下降段也相对更平缓,这可能导致结构受到更大的地震作用；通过对比两类地震动下六层框架结构的动力响应,发现了在地震动强度相同时,近场地震动会给该结构带来更大位移反应和相对较小的内力反应,在具有较强脉冲特征的地震动作用下,该结构会表现得更容易屈服和更快达到极限状态。
Earthquake is a kind of natural disasters with strong destructive power, when an earthquake occurs, it will cause serious damage and even destruction on the building structure and facilities in it's scope of the impact. The earthquake itself exists great uncertainty, and the factors to influence the characteristics of earthquake ground motion is very complicated, it causes that, the dynamic response and damage degree of a structure under the effect of different ground motions shows a great difference. This paper mainly discusses the influence of earthquake epicenter distance to the characteristics of earthquake ground motion, and the difference of structure dynamic response under the ground motion with different epicenter distance.
Main work include:Choosing11single direction ground motion records according to the definition of near field and far field earthquake respectively, do some preliminary processing to the original acceleration records such as baseline correction, calculating the velocity and response spectrum of the ground motion, comparing the difference between the characteristics of two kinds of ground motion; Building up a nonlinear dynamic analysis model of a plane frame of6, simulating the nonlinear behavior of components with fiber cross section in the Perform-3d application; Using the selected ground motion records for incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) of the structure, statistical processing the calculation results, comparing the structure dynamic response under the ground motion of near field and far field for their difference, then analysis the possible cause of the difference.
By comparing the selected two classes of ground motion, we found that the near field earthquake have obvious pulse characteristics, and compared with far field earthquake, it has a longer period of acceleration response spectrum peak, the decline is relatively flat, his can cause bigger seismic action on structure; By comparing the structure dynamic response under the two kinds of ground motions, we found that, with the same ground motion intensity, near field earthquake will cause bigger displacement response and but smaller internal force response, under the ground motion effect with stronger pulse characteristics, Structure will behave to be easier to yield and faster to limit state.
引文
[1]Bertero V.V..Strength and deformation capacities of buildings under extreme environments. Structural Engineering and Structural Mechanics.1977:95-102.
[2]Vamvatsikos D, Cornell C A.Incremental dynamic analysis[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics.2002,31(3):491-514
[3]Krawinkler H.. Van Nuys hotel building testbed report:exercising seismic performance assessment[R].PEER Report 2005/11.2005
[4]Deierlein G G, Haselton C B. Developing consensus provisions to evaluate collapse of reinforced concrete buildings [C]//Proc. Of the First NEES/E-Defense Workshop on Collapse Simulation of Reinforced Concrete Building Struetures.Berkeley,2005:3-19.
[5]曹炳政.基于性能理论的石化系统抗震性能评估[D].同济大学博士学位论文.2003
[6]马千里,叶列平,陆新征,缪志伟.采用逐步增量弹塑性时程方法对RC框架结构推覆分析侧力模式的研究[J].建筑结构学报.2008,29(2)：132-140
[7]卜一,吕西林,周颖,黄志华.采用增量动力分析方法确定高层混合结构的性能水准.结构工程师.2009,25(2)：77-84
[8]宋晓东.桥梁高墩延性抗震性能的理论与试验研究[D].同济大学博士学位论文.2004
[9]叶列平,马千里,缪志伟.结构抗震分析用地震动强度指标的研究.地震工程与工程振动.2009,29(4)：9-22.
[10]刘恢先.论地震力[J].土木工程学报.1958,5(2)：86-106.
[11]Housner G W, Jennings P C. The capacity of extreme earthquake motions to damage structures [J]. Structural and Geotechnical Mechanics.1977, A volume honoring N. M. Newmark, PrenticeHall:102-116.
[12]Nau J M, Hall W J. Scaling methods for earthquake response spectra[J]. Structure Enginering.1984,110(7):1533-1548.
[13]Vamvatsikos D, Cornell C A. The incremental dynamic analysis and its application to performance-based earthquake engineering [C]//12th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, London,2002.
[14]Stewart J P, Chiou S J, Bray J D.etal.2001.Ground Motion Evaluation Procedures for Performance-based Design[R].Berkeley, California:Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Centre.Report No.01-09:63-67.
[15]Aagaard B T, Hall J F., Heaton T H. Charaeterization of near-source ground motion swith earthquake simulations, draft April 13,2001.
[16]Malhotra P K. Response of buildings to near-field pulse-like ground motions[J]. Earthquake Engineering Struct Dyn,1999,28(11):1309-1326.
[17]Huang C T. Considerations of multimode structural response for near-field earthquake [J].J Eng Mech,2003,12(4):458-467.
[18]黄建文,朱晞.近震作用下但自由度结构的非弹性响应分析研究[J].中国安全科学学报.2003,13(11)：59-65.
[19]Mehrdad Sasani, Vitelmo V Beterro.Importance of severe pulse-type ground motion effects in performance based engineering:historical and critical review.12wcee (2000).
[20]徐扬,赵晋泉等.基于汶川地震远场强震动记录的厚覆盖土层对长周期地震动影响分析[J].震灾防御技术,2008,3(4)：345-351.
[21]陈运泰,许力生等.2008年5月12日汶川特大地震震源特性分析报告[R].中国地震局地球物理研究所网站汶川8.0级地震抗震救灾科技专题报道,2008.
[22]于海英,王栋等.汶8.0级地震强震动加速度记录的初步分析.地震工程与工程振动.2009,29(1)：1-13.
[23]彭小波,李小军,刘泉.数字加速度记录基线校正相关问题的初步研究.世界地震工程.2010,26(增刊)：142-147.
[24]Iwan D, etal. Strong motion earthquake measurement using a digital accelero graph[R]. The National Science Foundation.1984.
[25]王国权,周锡元.921台湾集集地震近断层强震记录的基线校正[J].地震地质.2004,26(1)：1-16.
[26]陈勇,陈鲲,俞言祥.用集集主震记录研究近断层强震记录的基线校正方法[J].地震工程与工程振动.2007,27(4)：1-8.
[27]于海英.力平衡式加速度计仪器响应误差的校正方法[J].地震工程与工程振动.2006,26(6)：200-204
[28]李大华.振动反应数值分析的连锁公式法.地震学报.1992,14(2)：236-242.
[29]陆新征,叶列平等.建筑抗震弹塑性分析.中国建筑工业出版社.2009：16-18.
[30]J B Mander, M J N Priestley, R Park. Theoretical Stress-Strain Model For Confined Concrete. Journal of Structural Engineering ASCE.1988,114 (8):1804-1825.
[31]叶列平,陆新征,马千里等.混凝土结构抗震非线性分析模型、方法及算例.工程力学.2006,23(增刊II)：131-140.
[32]Fajfar P, Vidic T, Fischinger M. A measure of earthquake motion capacity to damage medium-period structures [J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering.1990,9(5): 236-242.
[33]郭晓云.汶川地震反应谱研究.中国地震局工程力学研究所博士学位论文.2011.
[34]谢礼力,马玉宏,翟长海.基于性态的抗震设防与设计地震动.科学出版社.2009.
[35]李英民,刘立平.工程结构的设计地震动.科学出版社.2011.
[36]过镇海,时旭东.钢筋混凝土原理和分析.清华大学出版社.2003.
[37]李爽,谢礼立.近场问题的研究现状与发展方向.地震学报.2007,29(1)：102-111.
[38]杨志勇,黄吉锋,田家勇.罕遇地震弹塑性静、动力分析方法中结构阻尼问题探讨.地震工程与工程振动.2009,29(6)：115-120.
[39]张继文.远场地震动作用下土-结构相互作用对深厚土层上高层建筑的影响.中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士学位论文.2011.
[40]郝敏,谢礼立,徐龙军.关于地震烈度物理标准研究的若干思考[J].地震学报,2005,27(2)：230-234.
[41]杨成.结构动力分析在基于性能的抗震工程中的应用.西南交通大学博士学位论文.2010.
[42]马宁,徐龙军,谢礼立.集集地震地震动频谱参数研究.地震工程与工程振动.2008,28(1)：11-16.
[43]马千里,陆新征,叶列平.层屈服后刚度对地震响应离散性影响的研究.工程力学.2008,25(7)：133-141.
[44]杨成,潘毅,赵世春等.烈度指标函数对IDA曲线离散性的影响.工程力学.2010,27(增刊Ⅰ)：68-72.
[45]张令心,张继文.近远场地震动及其地震影响分析,土木建筑与环境工程.2010,32(2)：85-86.
[46]李爽,谢礼立.近场脉冲型地震动对钢筋混凝土框架结构影响.沈阳建筑大学学报.2006,22(3)：406-410.
[47]翟长海,谢礼立.钢筋混凝土框架结构超强研究.建筑结构学报.2007,28(1)：101-106.
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[50]杨成,徐腾飞,李英民等.应用弹塑性反应谱对IDA方法的改进研究[J].地震工程与工程振动.2008,28(4)：64-69.
[51]韩小雷,陈学伟,林生逸等.基于纤维模型的超高层钢筋混凝土结构弹塑性时程分析.建筑结构.2010,40(2)：13-16.
[52]齐虎,李云贵,吕西林.箍筋约束混凝土单轴滞回本构实用模型.工程力学.2011,28(9)：95-102.
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[2]Vamvatsikos D, Cornell C A.Incremental dynamic analysis[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics.2002,31(3):491-514
[3]Krawinkler H.. Van Nuys hotel building testbed report:exercising seismic performance assessment[R].PEER Report 2005/11.2005
[4]Deierlein G G, Haselton C B. Developing consensus provisions to evaluate collapse of reinforced concrete buildings [C]//Proc. Of the First NEES/E-Defense Workshop on Collapse Simulation of Reinforced Concrete Building Struetures.Berkeley,2005:3-19.
[5]曹炳政.基于性能理论的石化系统抗震性能评估[D].同济大学博士学位论文.2003
[6]马千里,叶列平,陆新征,缪志伟.采用逐步增量弹塑性时程方法对RC框架结构推覆分析侧力模式的研究[J].建筑结构学报.2008,29(2)：132-140
[7]卜一,吕西林,周颖,黄志华.采用增量动力分析方法确定高层混合结构的性能水准.结构工程师.2009,25(2)：77-84
[8]宋晓东.桥梁高墩延性抗震性能的理论与试验研究[D].同济大学博士学位论文.2004
[9]叶列平,马千里,缪志伟.结构抗震分析用地震动强度指标的研究.地震工程与工程振动.2009,29(4)：9-22.
[10]刘恢先.论地震力[J].土木工程学报.1958,5(2)：86-106.
[11]Housner G W, Jennings P C. The capacity of extreme earthquake motions to damage structures [J]. Structural and Geotechnical Mechanics.1977, A volume honoring N. M. Newmark, PrenticeHall:102-116.
[12]Nau J M, Hall W J. Scaling methods for earthquake response spectra[J]. Structure Enginering.1984,110(7):1533-1548.
[13]Vamvatsikos D, Cornell C A. The incremental dynamic analysis and its application to performance-based earthquake engineering [C]//12th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, London,2002.
[14]Stewart J P, Chiou S J, Bray J D.etal.2001.Ground Motion Evaluation Procedures for Performance-based Design[R].Berkeley, California:Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Centre.Report No.01-09:63-67.
[15]Aagaard B T, Hall J F., Heaton T H. Charaeterization of near-source ground motion swith earthquake simulations, draft April 13,2001.
[16]Malhotra P K. Response of buildings to near-field pulse-like ground motions[J]. Earthquake Engineering Struct Dyn,1999,28(11):1309-1326.
[17]Huang C T. Considerations of multimode structural response for near-field earthquake [J].J Eng Mech,2003,12(4):458-467.
[18]黄建文,朱晞.近震作用下但自由度结构的非弹性响应分析研究[J].中国安全科学学报.2003,13(11)：59-65.
[19]Mehrdad Sasani, Vitelmo V Beterro.Importance of severe pulse-type ground motion effects in performance based engineering:historical and critical review.12wcee (2000).
[20]徐扬,赵晋泉等.基于汶川地震远场强震动记录的厚覆盖土层对长周期地震动影响分析[J].震灾防御技术,2008,3(4)：345-351.
[21]陈运泰,许力生等.2008年5月12日汶川特大地震震源特性分析报告[R].中国地震局地球物理研究所网站汶川8.0级地震抗震救灾科技专题报道,2008.
[22]于海英,王栋等.汶8.0级地震强震动加速度记录的初步分析.地震工程与工程振动.2009,29(1)：1-13.
[23]彭小波,李小军,刘泉.数字加速度记录基线校正相关问题的初步研究.世界地震工程.2010,26(增刊)：142-147.
[24]Iwan D, etal. Strong motion earthquake measurement using a digital accelero graph[R]. The National Science Foundation.1984.
[25]王国权,周锡元.921台湾集集地震近断层强震记录的基线校正[J].地震地质.2004,26(1)：1-16.
[26]陈勇,陈鲲,俞言祥.用集集主震记录研究近断层强震记录的基线校正方法[J].地震工程与工程振动.2007,27(4)：1-8.
[27]于海英.力平衡式加速度计仪器响应误差的校正方法[J].地震工程与工程振动.2006,26(6)：200-204
[28]李大华.振动反应数值分析的连锁公式法.地震学报.1992,14(2)：236-242.
[29]陆新征,叶列平等.建筑抗震弹塑性分析.中国建筑工业出版社.2009：16-18.
[30]J B Mander, M J N Priestley, R Park. Theoretical Stress-Strain Model For Confined Concrete. Journal of Structural Engineering ASCE.1988,114 (8):1804-1825.
[31]叶列平,陆新征,马千里等.混凝土结构抗震非线性分析模型、方法及算例.工程力学.2006,23(增刊II)：131-140.
[32]Fajfar P, Vidic T, Fischinger M. A measure of earthquake motion capacity to damage medium-period structures [J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering.1990,9(5): 236-242.
[33]郭晓云.汶川地震反应谱研究.中国地震局工程力学研究所博士学位论文.2011.
[34]谢礼力,马玉宏,翟长海.基于性态的抗震设防与设计地震动.科学出版社.2009.
[35]李英民,刘立平.工程结构的设计地震动.科学出版社.2011.
[36]过镇海,时旭东.钢筋混凝土原理和分析.清华大学出版社.2003.
[37]李爽,谢礼立.近场问题的研究现状与发展方向.地震学报.2007,29(1)：102-111.
[38]杨志勇,黄吉锋,田家勇.罕遇地震弹塑性静、动力分析方法中结构阻尼问题探讨.地震工程与工程振动.2009,29(6)：115-120.
[39]张继文.远场地震动作用下土-结构相互作用对深厚土层上高层建筑的影响.中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士学位论文.2011.
[40]郝敏,谢礼立,徐龙军.关于地震烈度物理标准研究的若干思考[J].地震学报,2005,27(2)：230-234.
[41]杨成.结构动力分析在基于性能的抗震工程中的应用.西南交通大学博士学位论文.2010.
[42]马宁,徐龙军,谢礼立.集集地震地震动频谱参数研究.地震工程与工程振动.2008,28(1)：11-16.
[43]马千里,陆新征,叶列平.层屈服后刚度对地震响应离散性影响的研究.工程力学.2008,25(7)：133-141.
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