饲养方式对奶牛公犊生长、肉质及血液生化指标的影响
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摘要
本研究选用48头健康初生荷斯坦公犊,按全乳、全乳+精料、代乳以及精料四种饲养方式将试验动物分为四组,测定了四种饲养方式下荷斯坦公犊生长情况、肉质及血液生化指标,应用方差分析方法分析了四组奶公犊各性状的差异性。利用相关分析方法对血液生化指标与奶公犊生长、肉品质之间的相互关系进行了详细分析,比较了四种饲养方式下奶公犊的生长情况和所产犊牛肉肉品质,研究了奶公犊在生长过程中血清酶含量变化规律及其与奶公犊生长、肉质的相互关系,为今后饲养荷斯坦公犊,生产优质犊牛肉提供依据。研究结果如下:
1、四种饲养方式下奶公犊生长性状存在显著差异
体重在各月龄各组奶公犊间存在着显著或极显著差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。全乳组体重全期都高于其他三组,精料组体重全期都低于其他三组,全乳+精料组体重3月龄前基本与全乳组一致,极显著高于代乳组和精料组(P<0.01),但3月龄后基本与代乳组和精料组一致,极显著低于全乳组(P<0.01)。6月龄体重全乳组最高,达248.50kg,日增重1.106kg也极显著高于其他三组。说明全乳饲养比其他三种饲养方式可加快荷斯坦公犊生长速度,提高生产性能。
2、四种饲养方式下奶公犊肉质性状存在显著差异
基本肉质性状指标比较,3月龄全乳组、全乳+精料组、代乳组比精料组,失水率分别低1.52%、0.83%、1.25%,系水力分别高10.14%、8.79%、9.67%,差异显著(P<0.05)。肉色评分方面,精料组高于其他三组,差异显著(P<0.05)。6月龄各组基本肉质性状指标比较,全乳组、全乳+精料组、代乳组比精料组,失水率分别低2.60%、2.06%、2.52%,系水力分别高10.48%、11.30%、10.40%,嫩度分别低1.33 kg/cm2、1.29 kg/cm2、1.26 kg/cm2,差异极显著(P<0.01)。肉色评分精料组高于其他三组,差异显著(P<0.05)。说明与精料组相比,全乳组、全乳+精料组和代乳组肉色较浅,肉质鲜嫩多汁。
肉品氨基酸含量比较,3月龄代乳组肉品中亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸这三种必需氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量以及总氨基酸含量均极显著低于其他三组(P<0.01),说明3月龄代乳组在肉品氨基酸含量方面较其他三组品质差。6月龄全乳组肉品中苏氨酸和丝氨酸含量全乳组极显著高于其他三组(P<0.01)。全乳组和全乳+精料组必需氨基酸含量以及总氨基酸含显著高于精料组,其中全乳组最高,说明6月龄时全乳组肉质优于其他三组,而且在肉品必需氨基酸和氨基酸总含量方面6月龄比3月龄有一定提高。
肉品金属离子含量比较,4个试验组在3月龄肉品金属离子含量方面差异均不显著(P>0.05)。6月龄肉品金属离子含量方面,K、Na、Ca、Fe在组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。Zn含量全乳组和全乳+精料组高于代乳组和精料组,差异极显著(P<0.01)。Mn含量全乳+精料组极显著低于其他三组(P<0.01)。试验结果中全乳+精料组Mn与Zn的负相关与前人报道一致,但全乳组没有此干扰作用,有待进一步考证。从肉品中人体所需要微量元素含量方面看,全乳组高于其他三组。
肉品脂肪酸含量比较,随着年龄的增长,油酸的含量增加,不饱和脂肪酸相对含量增加,但亚油酸和亚麻酸两种必需脂肪酸的相对含量随年龄增长而显著降低。各组肉品脂肪酸含量比较,3月龄肉品中代乳组不饱和脂肪酸相对含量和必需脂肪酸相对含量分别为67.03%和30.52%,极显著高于其他三组,饱和脂肪酸相对含量为32.97%,极显著低于其他三组(P<0.01)。6月龄肉品中代乳组不饱和脂肪酸相对含量和必需脂肪酸相对含量分别为75.43%和7.15%,极显著高于其他三组(P<0.01),饱和脂肪酸相对含量为24.57%,极显著低于其他三组(P<0.01)。说明虽然用代乳料和精料饲喂奶公犊在产肉性能上不如全乳饲养,但所产肉品中富含不饱和脂肪酸,更符合大众消费需求,是一种优质健康的肉品,更具有市场发展前景。而且必需脂肪酸含量3月龄高于6月龄,如果单纯追求必需脂肪酸高的话,3月龄屠宰比6月龄好。
3、血液生化指标与奶公犊生长、肉质性状间存在显著相关性
奶公犊GPT,GOT活性与生产性状呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。GPT与Mn、棕榈酸、异亮氨酸呈显著正相关关系,与必需脂肪酸呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。GOT与异亮氨酸呈显著负相关关系,与棕榈酸呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。AKP与体重、日增重、嫩度呈显著正相关关系(r=0.3144,r=0.2986,r=0.2954,P<0.05)。LAD与嫩度呈显著负相关关系(r=-0.3098 ,P<0.05)。肌酸激酶与肉色、系水力、不饱和脂肪酸、必需脂肪酸呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),肌酸激酶与失水率、氨基酸含量和饱和脂肪酸呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。总胆固醇与亚油酸、饱和脂肪酸、必需脂肪酸呈极显著负相关关系(r=-0.4945,r=-0.5154,r=-5655,P<0.01),总胆固醇与赖氨酸、不饱和脂肪酸呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。白蛋白与系水力、亮氨酸、棕榈酸、饱和脂肪酸、必需脂肪酸呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),白蛋白与亚油酸、不饱和脂肪酸呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。同时这些结果也反映了不同的饲养方式通过改变血液生化指标促进了机体的新陈代谢,提高了奶公犊的生长发育性能。
48 healthy Holstein bull calves were randomly divided into four groups , the group were feed whole milk, whole milk plus concentrate, milk replacers and concentrate respectively.Then the growth, meat quality and biochemical parameters of six month Holstein bull calves were testing , and analyzed difference among these characters through analysis of variance. Correlation between sero-enzyme and growth and meat quality of bull calves were analyzed ,to investigate changing rule of sero-enzyme in growth process, which provided evidence for feeding Holstein bull calves and producting high-quailty meat. Results as followed.
1. There were significant viariance among growth traits on conditiong of four feeding styles.
Weight in whole period was higher by feeding whole milk than the other feeding ways.It was lower by feeding concentrate than the other three groups, and the result of whole milk plus concentrate group was conformity to that of whole milk group when bull calves were less than three months, which was higher significantly than milk replacers and concentrate group(P<0.01)But when after three months ,it was coincident to milk placer and concentrate group and lower significantly extremely than whole milk group(P<0.01). When dairy bull calves were six months old, weigh of whole milk group was highest ,which was 245.50kg, and daily gain was 1.106 ,which was higher than the other three groups significantly extremely. These illustrated that whole milk group was better than the other groups in growth velocity and production trait of Holstein bull calves.However, it was possible that milk placer could not be satisfied to growth and development by calves.
2. There was significant difference among four feeding styles of dairy bull calces.
When it comes to meat traits, whole milk, whole milk plus concentrate and milk placer group were 1.52%、0.83%、1.25% lower respectively in water loss rate than in concentrate group,when diary bull calves were three months old , and 10.14%、8.79%、9.67% higher significantly in water holding capacity(P<0.05). But when six months old, 60%、2.06%、 2.52% lower respectively in water loss rate, 10.48%、11.30%、10.40% higher in water holding capacity, and 1.33 kg/cm2、1.29 kg/cm2、1.26 kg/cm2 lower significantly extremely in tendreness. In aspect of meat color, it was higher in concentrate group than the other three groups when three and six months old. All above indicated that group of whole milk,whole milk plus concentrate and milk placer was lighter in meat color than concentrate group ,but tender and more sappiness.
In the aspect of amino acids and metal ion content, threonine and glumatic acid content was lower significantly in milk placer than in the other groups, when three minths old(P<0.05). Isoleucine content was higher significantly in whole milk group and whole milk plus concentrate group than in milk placer and concentrate group, and difference was significant (P<0.05). amidocaproic acid, tyrosine ,Phenylalanine and lysine content was lower significantly extremely in milk placer than in the other group(sP<0.01).Total content of amino acids was lower significantly in milk placer than in the other groups(P<0.05).
When six months old of bull calves, threonine and serine content was higher significantly extremely in milk placer group than in the other groups(P<0.01). Glutamic acid content was higher in whole milk group than in milk placer and concentrate group,and difference was significant extremely (P<0.01). Cystine and Leucine content was higher significantly extremely in whole milk and whole milk plus concentrate group than in milk placer and concentrate group(P<0.01). Methionine content was lower significantly extremely in concentrate group than in the other groups(P<0.01). Isoleucine content was higher significantly eextremely in whole milk group than in milk placer and concentrate(P<0.01),and higher significantly than in whole milk plus concentrate group,however, it was higher significantly in whole milk plus concentrate group than in milk placer and concentrate group(P<0.05). In this study, the result that Mn was negative relative to Zn in whole milk plus concentrate group was coincident to predecessor’s report, but whole milk group had no vir-repression. When it comes to content of microelement required, whole milk group was higher than the other three groups.
Content of phenylalanine was higher significantly extremely in whole milk and milk placer group than in whole milk plus concentrate group(P<0.01). Lysine and histidine content in whole milk group and whole milk plus concentrate group was higher significantly extremely than in milk placer and concentrate group(P<0.01).Difference was not significant in content of metalion among four groups at calves’three months old(P>0.05). When six months old, content of K、Na、Ca、Fe all had no significant difference among groups(P>0.05).Content of Zn was higher in whole milk and whole milk plus concentrate group than in milk placer and concentrate group.difference was significant extremely (P<0.01).Content of Mn in whole milk plus concentrate was lower significantly extremely than in the other groups(P<0.01). In aspect of fatty acid, content of oleic acid would increase along with age increasing. In the age of three months old, content of cardamom olefinic acid was higher significantly extremely in whole milk group than in the other groups(P<0.01).
Content of oleic acid and palmitinic acid in milk placer was lower than that in the other groups,difference was significantly extremely(P<0.01).Content of linolic acid in milk placer was 29.88%, higher significantly extremely than the other three groups(P<0.01). Content of searic aid in whole milk plus concentrate group and milk placer group was lower significant than in whole milk and concentrate group(P<0.05).In group of milk placer, relative amount of unsaturated fatty acid and essential fatty acid was 67.03% and 30.52%, respectively, which was higher significantly extremely than the other three groups. Relative amount of saturated fatty acid was 32.97%, lower significantly extremely than the other groups(P<0.01). In age of six months , content of oleinic acid in each group was that: whole milk>whole milk+concentrate> milk placer and concentrate group, and had a extremely significant difference(P<0.01).In group of milk placer, linoleic acid content was 22.55%, lower significantly extremely than the other group(sP<0.01).So was stearic acid.In this group, relative amount of unsaturated fatty acid ,essential fatty acid and saturated fatty acid was 75.43%, 7.15% and 24.57% ,respectively.,lower significantly extremely than the other groups(P<0.01). All these indicated that milk placer and concentrate group was inferior to whole milk group in meat production performance,but the former was rich in unsaturated fatty acid, coincident with public requirement. And content of essential fatty acid was higher at age of three months than six months, so three months was better than six months if pursuing essential fatty acid purely.
3.There was significant relativity between biochemical indicator of blood and growth traits, meat quality of dairy bull calves.
It was a positive correlation between activity of GPT , GOT and economic character.GPT was positive relative to Mn, palmitinic acid and isoleucine, and negative relative to essential fatty acid, siginificantly ( P<0.05 ) .GOT was negative relative significantly to isoleucine,and positive to palmitinic acid(P<0.05).AKP was positive relative significantly to weight , daily weight, and tendernes(sr=0.3144,r=0.2986,r=0.2954,P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between LAD and tenderness, and it was significant(r=-0.3098 ,P<0.05).It was positive relative to meat color, water holding capacity, unsaturated fatty acid, and essential fatty acid (P<0.05), but , negtive to water loss rate, amino acid content and saturated fatty acid(P<0.05).CT was negative relative to linoleic acid, saturated fatty acid and essential fatty acid, which was significant extremely(r=-0.4945, r=-0.5154,r=-5655,P<0.01), however, positive to lysine and unsaturated fatty acid(P<0.05). Albumin was positive relative to water holding capacity, leucine, palmitinic acid, saturated fatty acid and essential fatty acid(P<0.05), and negative siganificantly to linolic acid and unsaturated fatty acid(P<0.05). At the same time, the result of this study also illustrated four feeding style could promote metabolism and growth and development by changing biochemical indicator of blood.
1、四种饲养方式下奶公犊生长性状存在显著差异
体重在各月龄各组奶公犊间存在着显著或极显著差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。全乳组体重全期都高于其他三组,精料组体重全期都低于其他三组,全乳+精料组体重3月龄前基本与全乳组一致,极显著高于代乳组和精料组(P<0.01),但3月龄后基本与代乳组和精料组一致,极显著低于全乳组(P<0.01)。6月龄体重全乳组最高,达248.50kg,日增重1.106kg也极显著高于其他三组。说明全乳饲养比其他三种饲养方式可加快荷斯坦公犊生长速度,提高生产性能。
2、四种饲养方式下奶公犊肉质性状存在显著差异
基本肉质性状指标比较,3月龄全乳组、全乳+精料组、代乳组比精料组,失水率分别低1.52%、0.83%、1.25%,系水力分别高10.14%、8.79%、9.67%,差异显著(P<0.05)。肉色评分方面,精料组高于其他三组,差异显著(P<0.05)。6月龄各组基本肉质性状指标比较,全乳组、全乳+精料组、代乳组比精料组,失水率分别低2.60%、2.06%、2.52%,系水力分别高10.48%、11.30%、10.40%,嫩度分别低1.33 kg/cm2、1.29 kg/cm2、1.26 kg/cm2,差异极显著(P<0.01)。肉色评分精料组高于其他三组,差异显著(P<0.05)。说明与精料组相比,全乳组、全乳+精料组和代乳组肉色较浅,肉质鲜嫩多汁。
肉品氨基酸含量比较,3月龄代乳组肉品中亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸这三种必需氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量以及总氨基酸含量均极显著低于其他三组(P<0.01),说明3月龄代乳组在肉品氨基酸含量方面较其他三组品质差。6月龄全乳组肉品中苏氨酸和丝氨酸含量全乳组极显著高于其他三组(P<0.01)。全乳组和全乳+精料组必需氨基酸含量以及总氨基酸含显著高于精料组,其中全乳组最高,说明6月龄时全乳组肉质优于其他三组,而且在肉品必需氨基酸和氨基酸总含量方面6月龄比3月龄有一定提高。
肉品金属离子含量比较,4个试验组在3月龄肉品金属离子含量方面差异均不显著(P>0.05)。6月龄肉品金属离子含量方面,K、Na、Ca、Fe在组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。Zn含量全乳组和全乳+精料组高于代乳组和精料组,差异极显著(P<0.01)。Mn含量全乳+精料组极显著低于其他三组(P<0.01)。试验结果中全乳+精料组Mn与Zn的负相关与前人报道一致,但全乳组没有此干扰作用,有待进一步考证。从肉品中人体所需要微量元素含量方面看,全乳组高于其他三组。
肉品脂肪酸含量比较,随着年龄的增长,油酸的含量增加,不饱和脂肪酸相对含量增加,但亚油酸和亚麻酸两种必需脂肪酸的相对含量随年龄增长而显著降低。各组肉品脂肪酸含量比较,3月龄肉品中代乳组不饱和脂肪酸相对含量和必需脂肪酸相对含量分别为67.03%和30.52%,极显著高于其他三组,饱和脂肪酸相对含量为32.97%,极显著低于其他三组(P<0.01)。6月龄肉品中代乳组不饱和脂肪酸相对含量和必需脂肪酸相对含量分别为75.43%和7.15%,极显著高于其他三组(P<0.01),饱和脂肪酸相对含量为24.57%,极显著低于其他三组(P<0.01)。说明虽然用代乳料和精料饲喂奶公犊在产肉性能上不如全乳饲养,但所产肉品中富含不饱和脂肪酸,更符合大众消费需求,是一种优质健康的肉品,更具有市场发展前景。而且必需脂肪酸含量3月龄高于6月龄,如果单纯追求必需脂肪酸高的话,3月龄屠宰比6月龄好。
3、血液生化指标与奶公犊生长、肉质性状间存在显著相关性
奶公犊GPT,GOT活性与生产性状呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。GPT与Mn、棕榈酸、异亮氨酸呈显著正相关关系,与必需脂肪酸呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。GOT与异亮氨酸呈显著负相关关系,与棕榈酸呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。AKP与体重、日增重、嫩度呈显著正相关关系(r=0.3144,r=0.2986,r=0.2954,P<0.05)。LAD与嫩度呈显著负相关关系(r=-0.3098 ,P<0.05)。肌酸激酶与肉色、系水力、不饱和脂肪酸、必需脂肪酸呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),肌酸激酶与失水率、氨基酸含量和饱和脂肪酸呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。总胆固醇与亚油酸、饱和脂肪酸、必需脂肪酸呈极显著负相关关系(r=-0.4945,r=-0.5154,r=-5655,P<0.01),总胆固醇与赖氨酸、不饱和脂肪酸呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。白蛋白与系水力、亮氨酸、棕榈酸、饱和脂肪酸、必需脂肪酸呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),白蛋白与亚油酸、不饱和脂肪酸呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。同时这些结果也反映了不同的饲养方式通过改变血液生化指标促进了机体的新陈代谢,提高了奶公犊的生长发育性能。
48 healthy Holstein bull calves were randomly divided into four groups , the group were feed whole milk, whole milk plus concentrate, milk replacers and concentrate respectively.Then the growth, meat quality and biochemical parameters of six month Holstein bull calves were testing , and analyzed difference among these characters through analysis of variance. Correlation between sero-enzyme and growth and meat quality of bull calves were analyzed ,to investigate changing rule of sero-enzyme in growth process, which provided evidence for feeding Holstein bull calves and producting high-quailty meat. Results as followed.
1. There were significant viariance among growth traits on conditiong of four feeding styles.
Weight in whole period was higher by feeding whole milk than the other feeding ways.It was lower by feeding concentrate than the other three groups, and the result of whole milk plus concentrate group was conformity to that of whole milk group when bull calves were less than three months, which was higher significantly than milk replacers and concentrate group(P<0.01)But when after three months ,it was coincident to milk placer and concentrate group and lower significantly extremely than whole milk group(P<0.01). When dairy bull calves were six months old, weigh of whole milk group was highest ,which was 245.50kg, and daily gain was 1.106 ,which was higher than the other three groups significantly extremely. These illustrated that whole milk group was better than the other groups in growth velocity and production trait of Holstein bull calves.However, it was possible that milk placer could not be satisfied to growth and development by calves.
2. There was significant difference among four feeding styles of dairy bull calces.
When it comes to meat traits, whole milk, whole milk plus concentrate and milk placer group were 1.52%、0.83%、1.25% lower respectively in water loss rate than in concentrate group,when diary bull calves were three months old , and 10.14%、8.79%、9.67% higher significantly in water holding capacity(P<0.05). But when six months old, 60%、2.06%、 2.52% lower respectively in water loss rate, 10.48%、11.30%、10.40% higher in water holding capacity, and 1.33 kg/cm2、1.29 kg/cm2、1.26 kg/cm2 lower significantly extremely in tendreness. In aspect of meat color, it was higher in concentrate group than the other three groups when three and six months old. All above indicated that group of whole milk,whole milk plus concentrate and milk placer was lighter in meat color than concentrate group ,but tender and more sappiness.
In the aspect of amino acids and metal ion content, threonine and glumatic acid content was lower significantly in milk placer than in the other groups, when three minths old(P<0.05). Isoleucine content was higher significantly in whole milk group and whole milk plus concentrate group than in milk placer and concentrate group, and difference was significant (P<0.05). amidocaproic acid, tyrosine ,Phenylalanine and lysine content was lower significantly extremely in milk placer than in the other group(sP<0.01).Total content of amino acids was lower significantly in milk placer than in the other groups(P<0.05).
When six months old of bull calves, threonine and serine content was higher significantly extremely in milk placer group than in the other groups(P<0.01). Glutamic acid content was higher in whole milk group than in milk placer and concentrate group,and difference was significant extremely (P<0.01). Cystine and Leucine content was higher significantly extremely in whole milk and whole milk plus concentrate group than in milk placer and concentrate group(P<0.01). Methionine content was lower significantly extremely in concentrate group than in the other groups(P<0.01). Isoleucine content was higher significantly eextremely in whole milk group than in milk placer and concentrate(P<0.01),and higher significantly than in whole milk plus concentrate group,however, it was higher significantly in whole milk plus concentrate group than in milk placer and concentrate group(P<0.05). In this study, the result that Mn was negative relative to Zn in whole milk plus concentrate group was coincident to predecessor’s report, but whole milk group had no vir-repression. When it comes to content of microelement required, whole milk group was higher than the other three groups.
Content of phenylalanine was higher significantly extremely in whole milk and milk placer group than in whole milk plus concentrate group(P<0.01). Lysine and histidine content in whole milk group and whole milk plus concentrate group was higher significantly extremely than in milk placer and concentrate group(P<0.01).Difference was not significant in content of metalion among four groups at calves’three months old(P>0.05). When six months old, content of K、Na、Ca、Fe all had no significant difference among groups(P>0.05).Content of Zn was higher in whole milk and whole milk plus concentrate group than in milk placer and concentrate group.difference was significant extremely (P<0.01).Content of Mn in whole milk plus concentrate was lower significantly extremely than in the other groups(P<0.01). In aspect of fatty acid, content of oleic acid would increase along with age increasing. In the age of three months old, content of cardamom olefinic acid was higher significantly extremely in whole milk group than in the other groups(P<0.01).
Content of oleic acid and palmitinic acid in milk placer was lower than that in the other groups,difference was significantly extremely(P<0.01).Content of linolic acid in milk placer was 29.88%, higher significantly extremely than the other three groups(P<0.01). Content of searic aid in whole milk plus concentrate group and milk placer group was lower significant than in whole milk and concentrate group(P<0.05).In group of milk placer, relative amount of unsaturated fatty acid and essential fatty acid was 67.03% and 30.52%, respectively, which was higher significantly extremely than the other three groups. Relative amount of saturated fatty acid was 32.97%, lower significantly extremely than the other groups(P<0.01). In age of six months , content of oleinic acid in each group was that: whole milk>whole milk+concentrate> milk placer and concentrate group, and had a extremely significant difference(P<0.01).In group of milk placer, linoleic acid content was 22.55%, lower significantly extremely than the other group(sP<0.01).So was stearic acid.In this group, relative amount of unsaturated fatty acid ,essential fatty acid and saturated fatty acid was 75.43%, 7.15% and 24.57% ,respectively.,lower significantly extremely than the other groups(P<0.01). All these indicated that milk placer and concentrate group was inferior to whole milk group in meat production performance,but the former was rich in unsaturated fatty acid, coincident with public requirement. And content of essential fatty acid was higher at age of three months than six months, so three months was better than six months if pursuing essential fatty acid purely.
3.There was significant relativity between biochemical indicator of blood and growth traits, meat quality of dairy bull calves.
It was a positive correlation between activity of GPT , GOT and economic character.GPT was positive relative to Mn, palmitinic acid and isoleucine, and negative relative to essential fatty acid, siginificantly ( P<0.05 ) .GOT was negative relative significantly to isoleucine,and positive to palmitinic acid(P<0.05).AKP was positive relative significantly to weight , daily weight, and tendernes(sr=0.3144,r=0.2986,r=0.2954,P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between LAD and tenderness, and it was significant(r=-0.3098 ,P<0.05).It was positive relative to meat color, water holding capacity, unsaturated fatty acid, and essential fatty acid (P<0.05), but , negtive to water loss rate, amino acid content and saturated fatty acid(P<0.05).CT was negative relative to linoleic acid, saturated fatty acid and essential fatty acid, which was significant extremely(r=-0.4945, r=-0.5154,r=-5655,P<0.01), however, positive to lysine and unsaturated fatty acid(P<0.05). Albumin was positive relative to water holding capacity, leucine, palmitinic acid, saturated fatty acid and essential fatty acid(P<0.05), and negative siganificantly to linolic acid and unsaturated fatty acid(P<0.05). At the same time, the result of this study also illustrated four feeding style could promote metabolism and growth and development by changing biochemical indicator of blood.
引文
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