现代多式联运的发展及其经济组织
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摘要
经济的发展离不开高效货运系统。未来高效货运系统的发展方向是综合货运系统,其核心是各种运输方式的有效衔接和一体化。而实现这种衔接与一体化的表现形式就是多式联运。作为一种先进的运输组织形式,多式联运充分发挥了联运链条上不同运输方式的内在优势,实现了运输产品的完整性和高效率。尤其是从20世纪50年代后期开始,由于集装箱作为联运工具的引入,进一步方便了不同运输方式间的快速衔接,从而极大地拓展了多式联运的规模,使集装箱多式联运成为现代运输业发展的一大亮点。
本文选取集装箱多式联运作为研究对象,以经济组织问题为切入点来考察提升现代多式联运链条效率的途径。本文认为多式联运链条效率的提升是籍由链条上经济主体之间交易效率的提升来实现的,经济组织的创新是推动现代多式联运发展的关键性因素,具有显著规模经济的运输行业及企业必须改变组织形态,以便充分发挥规模经济,提升多式联运链条的效率,实现运输市场中分散化需求和集中供给的匹配,满足经济发展对综合运输体系的要求。同时,本文通过分析我国铁路集装箱多式联运所存在的组织问题,指出铁路集装箱多式联运的组织变革是改善我国多式联运发展现状的必要条件,同时也是促进我国铁路行业由传统行业向现代行业转变的重要推动力。
为论证上述观点,本文综合应用了交易费用经济学理论、中间层组织理论和运输业“产品—资源—网络经济”思想方法,构建了一个整合交易特性和生产特性的链网组织理论,并在深入分析现代多式联运系统特性的基础上,研究了多式联运的组织结构、组织形态及其影响因素,进一步完善了现代多式联运经济组织的解释框架。其次,借助历史及事件研究方法,在系统考察现代多式联运发展历程的基础上,研究经济组织变革对现代多式联运发展的作用及意义。随后,又进一步考察了海运业在适应现代多式联运发展中的组织变革,进一步讨论组织变革对于具有显著规模经济的运输行业参与多式联运的重要作用和意义。同时,通过对欧美等发达国家多式联运经济组织的案例研究,进一步归纳经济组织的方式及其决策因素,并检验本文的解释框架。最后,结合海运业适应多式联运发展所作的组织变革过程,借鉴欧美发达国家在铁路集装箱多式联运经济组织方面的成效,针对中国铁路集装箱多式联运存在的组织问题,提出通过改善经济组织提升联运链条效率的建议,并最终归纳全文的结论。
The development of economy is highly depended on an efficient freight transport system. The future of the system is one integrated freight system in which each mode of transport is effectively connected and integrated. As an advanced organized form of transportation, Intermodal Freight Transportation (IFT) utilizes the inherent advantages of each mode involved, creating synergies and efficiencies not otherwise attainable and realizes the integration and high efficiency of transport service. Especially, the phenomenal growth of containerization during the past 50 years has expanded the scale of IFT. Accordingly, the intermodal container transportation becomes one highlight of the modern transport industry.
The major objectives of this thesis are to describe and analyse the economic organization of IFT and the relationship between the development of IFT and its economic organization. In this thesis, the author presents two economics propositions as follows:(1) the achievement of production efficiency is depended on the improvement of transaction efficiency, the innovation of economic organization is a key factor to promote the development of IFT, the transport industry and corporations with significant economies of scale must change the organizational form in order to maximize economies of scale, enhance the efficiency of intermodal transport chains to achieve to the matching of the diversified demands and focus on supply in the transportation market and meet the need of the economic development to the integrated transport system. (2) The organizational change of rail intermodal container transprot is the status quo to improve the necessary conditions of development for Chinese intermodal transport, but also an important impetus for change to promote Chinese railway industry from the traditional industry to one modern industry.
To demonstrate the above proposition, this paper studied the role and significance of economic organizational change in modern development of the intermodal transports with the history and the event study method, based on the study of the development process of modern multimodal transport. Second, the integrated application of transaction cost economics theory, the middle layer of organization theory and transport "production-resource-network economy" way of thinking, studied the multimodal transport organizational structure, morphology and its influencing factors, based on the in-depth analysis of characteristics of a modern inter-modal system, to build an interpretative framework for multimodal transport economic organizations. Subsequently, further studied the organizational change of the maritime industry in the modern multimodal transport development, for further discussion of the important role and significance of organizational change to the transportation industry with significant economies of scale involved in multimodal transport, and At the same time, through the case study of multimodal transport economic organizations during Europe and the United States and other developed countries, further refine the way of economic organizations and its decision-making factors, and testing the interpretation framework of this article. Finally, combing the organizational changes process of shipping industry adapted to intermodal development, drawing on the effectiveness of economic organization of the rail intermodal container transport in European and American developed countries, for the existing organizational issues about rail intermodal container transport system in China, raised suggestions by improving the economic organization to enhance efficiency of the intermodal freight chains, and ultimately summarized the conclusions of the full text.
本文选取集装箱多式联运作为研究对象,以经济组织问题为切入点来考察提升现代多式联运链条效率的途径。本文认为多式联运链条效率的提升是籍由链条上经济主体之间交易效率的提升来实现的,经济组织的创新是推动现代多式联运发展的关键性因素,具有显著规模经济的运输行业及企业必须改变组织形态,以便充分发挥规模经济,提升多式联运链条的效率,实现运输市场中分散化需求和集中供给的匹配,满足经济发展对综合运输体系的要求。同时,本文通过分析我国铁路集装箱多式联运所存在的组织问题,指出铁路集装箱多式联运的组织变革是改善我国多式联运发展现状的必要条件,同时也是促进我国铁路行业由传统行业向现代行业转变的重要推动力。
为论证上述观点,本文综合应用了交易费用经济学理论、中间层组织理论和运输业“产品—资源—网络经济”思想方法,构建了一个整合交易特性和生产特性的链网组织理论,并在深入分析现代多式联运系统特性的基础上,研究了多式联运的组织结构、组织形态及其影响因素,进一步完善了现代多式联运经济组织的解释框架。其次,借助历史及事件研究方法,在系统考察现代多式联运发展历程的基础上,研究经济组织变革对现代多式联运发展的作用及意义。随后,又进一步考察了海运业在适应现代多式联运发展中的组织变革,进一步讨论组织变革对于具有显著规模经济的运输行业参与多式联运的重要作用和意义。同时,通过对欧美等发达国家多式联运经济组织的案例研究,进一步归纳经济组织的方式及其决策因素,并检验本文的解释框架。最后,结合海运业适应多式联运发展所作的组织变革过程,借鉴欧美发达国家在铁路集装箱多式联运经济组织方面的成效,针对中国铁路集装箱多式联运存在的组织问题,提出通过改善经济组织提升联运链条效率的建议,并最终归纳全文的结论。
The development of economy is highly depended on an efficient freight transport system. The future of the system is one integrated freight system in which each mode of transport is effectively connected and integrated. As an advanced organized form of transportation, Intermodal Freight Transportation (IFT) utilizes the inherent advantages of each mode involved, creating synergies and efficiencies not otherwise attainable and realizes the integration and high efficiency of transport service. Especially, the phenomenal growth of containerization during the past 50 years has expanded the scale of IFT. Accordingly, the intermodal container transportation becomes one highlight of the modern transport industry.
The major objectives of this thesis are to describe and analyse the economic organization of IFT and the relationship between the development of IFT and its economic organization. In this thesis, the author presents two economics propositions as follows:(1) the achievement of production efficiency is depended on the improvement of transaction efficiency, the innovation of economic organization is a key factor to promote the development of IFT, the transport industry and corporations with significant economies of scale must change the organizational form in order to maximize economies of scale, enhance the efficiency of intermodal transport chains to achieve to the matching of the diversified demands and focus on supply in the transportation market and meet the need of the economic development to the integrated transport system. (2) The organizational change of rail intermodal container transprot is the status quo to improve the necessary conditions of development for Chinese intermodal transport, but also an important impetus for change to promote Chinese railway industry from the traditional industry to one modern industry.
To demonstrate the above proposition, this paper studied the role and significance of economic organizational change in modern development of the intermodal transports with the history and the event study method, based on the study of the development process of modern multimodal transport. Second, the integrated application of transaction cost economics theory, the middle layer of organization theory and transport "production-resource-network economy" way of thinking, studied the multimodal transport organizational structure, morphology and its influencing factors, based on the in-depth analysis of characteristics of a modern inter-modal system, to build an interpretative framework for multimodal transport economic organizations. Subsequently, further studied the organizational change of the maritime industry in the modern multimodal transport development, for further discussion of the important role and significance of organizational change to the transportation industry with significant economies of scale involved in multimodal transport, and At the same time, through the case study of multimodal transport economic organizations during Europe and the United States and other developed countries, further refine the way of economic organizations and its decision-making factors, and testing the interpretation framework of this article. Finally, combing the organizational changes process of shipping industry adapted to intermodal development, drawing on the effectiveness of economic organization of the rail intermodal container transport in European and American developed countries, for the existing organizational issues about rail intermodal container transport system in China, raised suggestions by improving the economic organization to enhance efficiency of the intermodal freight chains, and ultimately summarized the conclusions of the full text.
引文
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