基于陷波器的有源电力滤波器的研究与设计
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摘要
在我国电力系统中非线性负荷的使用日益增多,特别是近二十年来,各种电力电子装置应用迅速普及,使得电力电子装置所产生的谐波对电网的污染日益严重。如何改善电能质量,对供电系统的谐波进行补偿,是摆在人们面前的一个重要而有现实意义的课题。
众多的相关文献,都为产品的研制提供了重要的理论和实验方面的探索。特别是在山东大学硕士论文《100kvar并联混合有源电力滤波器的研制》中,在给出并联混合有源滤波器的工作原理和控制策略之后,对整个混合有源滤波器系统进行了设计,并针对其中的主要问题进行了理论分析,最终研制出一台100kvar并联混合有源滤波器的样机,并进行了研制样机的实验,取得了良好的实验效果。然而,其谐波分离电路是基于瞬时无功理论的,从山东大学硕士论文《并联型混合有源电力滤波器的研究》中可知,如果采用基于陷波器的谐波分离电路,不仅可以取得与瞬时无功理论相媲美的滤波效果,而且可以获得优于瞬时无功理论方法的动态特性,并具有结构简洁、易于实现、成本低、稳定性优良等诸多优点。设计出实用化的基于陷波器的,采用电压源闭环控制策略的,采用数字处理技术的并联混合有源电力滤波器,是很有现实意义的。
由于研制样机的主电路与《100kvar并联混合有源电力滤波器的研制》中研制样机的主电路完全相同,因此研究的重点放在了控制系统的设计上。整个控制系统包括硬件和软件两大部分。
首先介绍了控制系统的硬件设计。包括各电压电流的采样电路、电源电流的AD转换电路、控制核心电路、DA转换电路、跟踪控制电路、RS485通讯接口电路等。对各电路的结构、工作原理、元器件在电路中的作用、元器件参数的选取等进行了较为详细的介绍。
然后介绍了控制系统的软件设计。从DSP软件所要实现的功能看,大体可分为两部分：
(1)数字信号处理部分
这部分软件模块包括：数字锁相、数字陷波、过载控制、直流母线平衡、串行通讯数据的收发。其中数字陷波的实现难度较高,本文从模拟原型电路入手,分析模拟电路的工作原理,得到了实用化的数字陷波实现方法,取得了满意的效果。
(2)整机逻辑控制部分
这部分软件模块包括：各个电参量的计算、启停逻辑控制、保护逻辑控制、串行通讯的收发数据的处理、人机界面。这部分程序的实时性要求相对较低。RS485串行通讯也是软件的重要组成部分,在本课题中,采用了国际上通用的标准通讯协议—MODBUS协议,对协议的内容和软件实现进行了介绍。
控制系统设计和调试完成后,对研制样机进行了实验。从实验波形能够看出该混合有源滤波器具有良好的滤波效果和暂态特性。
With more and more non-linear loads used in our country's power system, especially in the recent 20 years, various kinds of power electronic equipments application rapidly, harmonic current that pours into electrical network is day by day serious, and the power quality deterioration turned more and more serious. How to improve the electrical energy quality, harmonic suppression to power supply system, is suspends in front of people's practical significance topic.
The numerous related literature, have provided the important theory and exploration for the product development. Especially in Shandong University master's paper "100kvar Parallel Hybrid Active Power Filter ", after giving main work principle and the control policy, developed a 100kvar parallel hybrid active power filter's prototype finally. In experiment, has made the favorable effects. However, its harmonic detection circuit is based on the instantaneous reactive power theory. from Shandong University master's paper "Parallel Hybrid Active Power Filter's Research", we know, if uses the frequency trap separation circuit, not only may achieve better filtering performance compared with the instantaneous reactive power theory, moreover may obtain faster transient response speed, and has the structure succinctly, easy to realize, the low cost, run reliably and so on many merits. Parallel hybrid active power filter based on the frequency trap, and the voltage source closed loop control strategy, and the digital processing technology, have the practical significance very much.
Because main circuit is identical with "100kvar Parallel Hybrid Active Power Filter", this paper focus on design of control system. Entire control system include two major parts:hardware and software.
This article first introduced control system's hardware design. It Including various voltage and current sampling circuit, supply current AD transform circuit, control core circuit, DA transform circuit, following control circuit, RS485 communication interface circuit and so on. The circuits' structure, work principle, component's function, component's selection, are mainly studied in details.
This article then introduced control system's software design. The DSP software are divided into two parts roughly:
(1) digital signal processing part
This part of software module includes:Digital phase-lock, digital frequency trap, overload control system, DC Bus Balance adjust system, serial communication. The digital frequency trap is difficulty to realize, Start with analog prototype circuit, analysis its principle of work, obtained the practical digital frequency trap, and has made favorable effects.
(2) logical control part
This part of software module includes:various electricity parameter's computation, logical control to start and stop the device, the protection logic, receiving and delivering in serial communication, and the human-machine interface. This subprogram's timely request is relatively low. The RS485 serial communication is also software's important component, in this topic, has used internationally standard communication protocol-MODBUS protocol, the protocol and the software realization are studied.
After the control system design and debug, experiments on the manufacture of PHAPF were carried on. We got favorable effects on the sieve harmonics and transient response according to the experiment.
众多的相关文献,都为产品的研制提供了重要的理论和实验方面的探索。特别是在山东大学硕士论文《100kvar并联混合有源电力滤波器的研制》中,在给出并联混合有源滤波器的工作原理和控制策略之后,对整个混合有源滤波器系统进行了设计,并针对其中的主要问题进行了理论分析,最终研制出一台100kvar并联混合有源滤波器的样机,并进行了研制样机的实验,取得了良好的实验效果。然而,其谐波分离电路是基于瞬时无功理论的,从山东大学硕士论文《并联型混合有源电力滤波器的研究》中可知,如果采用基于陷波器的谐波分离电路,不仅可以取得与瞬时无功理论相媲美的滤波效果,而且可以获得优于瞬时无功理论方法的动态特性,并具有结构简洁、易于实现、成本低、稳定性优良等诸多优点。设计出实用化的基于陷波器的,采用电压源闭环控制策略的,采用数字处理技术的并联混合有源电力滤波器,是很有现实意义的。
由于研制样机的主电路与《100kvar并联混合有源电力滤波器的研制》中研制样机的主电路完全相同,因此研究的重点放在了控制系统的设计上。整个控制系统包括硬件和软件两大部分。
首先介绍了控制系统的硬件设计。包括各电压电流的采样电路、电源电流的AD转换电路、控制核心电路、DA转换电路、跟踪控制电路、RS485通讯接口电路等。对各电路的结构、工作原理、元器件在电路中的作用、元器件参数的选取等进行了较为详细的介绍。
然后介绍了控制系统的软件设计。从DSP软件所要实现的功能看,大体可分为两部分：
(1)数字信号处理部分
这部分软件模块包括：数字锁相、数字陷波、过载控制、直流母线平衡、串行通讯数据的收发。其中数字陷波的实现难度较高,本文从模拟原型电路入手,分析模拟电路的工作原理,得到了实用化的数字陷波实现方法,取得了满意的效果。
(2)整机逻辑控制部分
这部分软件模块包括：各个电参量的计算、启停逻辑控制、保护逻辑控制、串行通讯的收发数据的处理、人机界面。这部分程序的实时性要求相对较低。RS485串行通讯也是软件的重要组成部分,在本课题中,采用了国际上通用的标准通讯协议—MODBUS协议,对协议的内容和软件实现进行了介绍。
控制系统设计和调试完成后,对研制样机进行了实验。从实验波形能够看出该混合有源滤波器具有良好的滤波效果和暂态特性。
With more and more non-linear loads used in our country's power system, especially in the recent 20 years, various kinds of power electronic equipments application rapidly, harmonic current that pours into electrical network is day by day serious, and the power quality deterioration turned more and more serious. How to improve the electrical energy quality, harmonic suppression to power supply system, is suspends in front of people's practical significance topic.
The numerous related literature, have provided the important theory and exploration for the product development. Especially in Shandong University master's paper "100kvar Parallel Hybrid Active Power Filter ", after giving main work principle and the control policy, developed a 100kvar parallel hybrid active power filter's prototype finally. In experiment, has made the favorable effects. However, its harmonic detection circuit is based on the instantaneous reactive power theory. from Shandong University master's paper "Parallel Hybrid Active Power Filter's Research", we know, if uses the frequency trap separation circuit, not only may achieve better filtering performance compared with the instantaneous reactive power theory, moreover may obtain faster transient response speed, and has the structure succinctly, easy to realize, the low cost, run reliably and so on many merits. Parallel hybrid active power filter based on the frequency trap, and the voltage source closed loop control strategy, and the digital processing technology, have the practical significance very much.
Because main circuit is identical with "100kvar Parallel Hybrid Active Power Filter", this paper focus on design of control system. Entire control system include two major parts:hardware and software.
This article first introduced control system's hardware design. It Including various voltage and current sampling circuit, supply current AD transform circuit, control core circuit, DA transform circuit, following control circuit, RS485 communication interface circuit and so on. The circuits' structure, work principle, component's function, component's selection, are mainly studied in details.
This article then introduced control system's software design. The DSP software are divided into two parts roughly:
(1) digital signal processing part
This part of software module includes:Digital phase-lock, digital frequency trap, overload control system, DC Bus Balance adjust system, serial communication. The digital frequency trap is difficulty to realize, Start with analog prototype circuit, analysis its principle of work, obtained the practical digital frequency trap, and has made favorable effects.
(2) logical control part
This part of software module includes:various electricity parameter's computation, logical control to start and stop the device, the protection logic, receiving and delivering in serial communication, and the human-machine interface. This subprogram's timely request is relatively low. The RS485 serial communication is also software's important component, in this topic, has used internationally standard communication protocol-MODBUS protocol, the protocol and the software realization are studied.
After the control system design and debug, experiments on the manufacture of PHAPF were carried on. We got favorable effects on the sieve harmonics and transient response according to the experiment.
引文
[1]肖国春,刘进军,王兆安.电能质量及其控制技术的研究进展.电力电子技术,2000
[2]国家技术监督局.电能质量公用电网谐波(GB/T 14549-93).北京：中国标准出版社,1993
[3]吴竞昌.供电系统谐波.北京：中国电力出版社,1998
[4]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿。机械工业出版社,1998
[5]胡铭,陈珩.有源滤波技术及其应用.电力系统自动化,2000,24(3)：66-70
[6]时丽君,赵建国。有源电力滤波器在电能质量控制中的应用,电力系统及其自动化学报,2002,14：67-71
[7]夏道止,沈赞埙。高压直流输电系统系统的谐波分析及滤波。北京：水力电力出版社,1994
[8]叶忠明,董伯藩,钱照明·几种混合有源电力滤波器分析·电工电能新技术,1998,2
[9]唐卓尧,王官洁,任震。HVDC系统DC侧并联无源和串联有源滤波器。重庆大学学报,1999,22(1)：29-34。
[10]颜晓庆,杨君,王兆安。并联混合型电力有源滤波器的研究。电力电子技术,1998年第4期.
[11]孙奇顺.电能质量综合调节器的研究.山东大学硕士论文,2001
[12]林霏.电网谐波与无功电流实时检测技术研究.山东大学硕士论文,2002
[13]田中林.三相四线并联型有源电力滤波器的研究.山东大学硕士论文,2004
[14]宋萍.并联型混合有源电力滤波器的研究.山东大学硕士论文,2005
[15]舒明雷.混合有源滤波器控制策略研究.山东大学硕士论文,2006
[16]汤华龙.100kvar并联混合有源电力滤波器的研制.山东大学硕士论文,2007
[17]混合有源电力滤波器及其控制方法(No.200610070553.X).发明专利.山大华天2006
[18]蒋麦占,无源滤波器与并联电容器的应用,变频器世界,2006(11)
[19]苏奎峰,吕强,耿庆锋,陈圣俭。TMS320F2812原理与开发。北京：电子工业出版社,2005.4
[20]富士IGBT驱动混合集成电路使用说明书.富士电机电子技术株式会社,1996
[21]Christopher K D,et al.Update of harmonic standard IEEE-519:IEEE recommended practices and requirements for harmonic control in electric power system.IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,1989,25(6):1025-1034
[22]Sasaki H, Machida T. A New Method to Eliminate AC Harmonic Current by Magnetic Flux Compensation-Consideration on Basic Design. IEEE Trans on Power Apparatus and Systems,1971,90 (5):2009-2016
[23]Bhim SinghKamal, Al-Haddad, Ambrish Chandra.A Review of Active Filters for Power Quality Improvement. IEEE Trans On Industrial Electronics.1999,46(5)
[24]J.Turunen,M.Salo and H.Tuusa. Comparison of three Series Hybrid Active Power Filter Topologies.International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power,2004 11th
[25]Peng F Z,Akagi H,Nabae A..Compensation characteristics of the combined system of shunt passive and series avtive filters.lEEE Trans Ind Appl,1993,29(1):144-152
[26]Fujita H,Akagi H.A Practical Approach to Harmonic Compensation in Power System-Series Connection of Passive and Active Filters.lEEE IAS Annual Meeting Conference Record,1990:1107-1112
[27]M Take,K Ikcda,A Teramoto et al.Harmonic Current and Reactive Power Compensation with an Active Filter.IEEEE-PESC,1998,1174-1179.
[28]Peng F Z,Akagi H,Nabae A.A New Approach to Harmonic Compensation in Power System.IEEE IAS Conference Record,1988:874-880
[29]Texas Instruments, TMS320F2812 Digital Signal Processor. July 2007.
[30]Texas Instruments, THS14XX/5691 EVM for the THS14XX and THS56XX DAC Families User's Guide, September 2000
[2]国家技术监督局.电能质量公用电网谐波(GB/T 14549-93).北京：中国标准出版社,1993
[3]吴竞昌.供电系统谐波.北京：中国电力出版社,1998
[4]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿。机械工业出版社,1998
[5]胡铭,陈珩.有源滤波技术及其应用.电力系统自动化,2000,24(3)：66-70
[6]时丽君,赵建国。有源电力滤波器在电能质量控制中的应用,电力系统及其自动化学报,2002,14：67-71
[7]夏道止,沈赞埙。高压直流输电系统系统的谐波分析及滤波。北京：水力电力出版社,1994
[8]叶忠明,董伯藩,钱照明·几种混合有源电力滤波器分析·电工电能新技术,1998,2
[9]唐卓尧,王官洁,任震。HVDC系统DC侧并联无源和串联有源滤波器。重庆大学学报,1999,22(1)：29-34。
[10]颜晓庆,杨君,王兆安。并联混合型电力有源滤波器的研究。电力电子技术,1998年第4期.
[11]孙奇顺.电能质量综合调节器的研究.山东大学硕士论文,2001
[12]林霏.电网谐波与无功电流实时检测技术研究.山东大学硕士论文,2002
[13]田中林.三相四线并联型有源电力滤波器的研究.山东大学硕士论文,2004
[14]宋萍.并联型混合有源电力滤波器的研究.山东大学硕士论文,2005
[15]舒明雷.混合有源滤波器控制策略研究.山东大学硕士论文,2006
[16]汤华龙.100kvar并联混合有源电力滤波器的研制.山东大学硕士论文,2007
[17]混合有源电力滤波器及其控制方法(No.200610070553.X).发明专利.山大华天2006
[18]蒋麦占,无源滤波器与并联电容器的应用,变频器世界,2006(11)
[19]苏奎峰,吕强,耿庆锋,陈圣俭。TMS320F2812原理与开发。北京：电子工业出版社,2005.4
[20]富士IGBT驱动混合集成电路使用说明书.富士电机电子技术株式会社,1996
[21]Christopher K D,et al.Update of harmonic standard IEEE-519:IEEE recommended practices and requirements for harmonic control in electric power system.IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,1989,25(6):1025-1034
[22]Sasaki H, Machida T. A New Method to Eliminate AC Harmonic Current by Magnetic Flux Compensation-Consideration on Basic Design. IEEE Trans on Power Apparatus and Systems,1971,90 (5):2009-2016
[23]Bhim SinghKamal, Al-Haddad, Ambrish Chandra.A Review of Active Filters for Power Quality Improvement. IEEE Trans On Industrial Electronics.1999,46(5)
[24]J.Turunen,M.Salo and H.Tuusa. Comparison of three Series Hybrid Active Power Filter Topologies.International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power,2004 11th
[25]Peng F Z,Akagi H,Nabae A..Compensation characteristics of the combined system of shunt passive and series avtive filters.lEEE Trans Ind Appl,1993,29(1):144-152
[26]Fujita H,Akagi H.A Practical Approach to Harmonic Compensation in Power System-Series Connection of Passive and Active Filters.lEEE IAS Annual Meeting Conference Record,1990:1107-1112
[27]M Take,K Ikcda,A Teramoto et al.Harmonic Current and Reactive Power Compensation with an Active Filter.IEEEE-PESC,1998,1174-1179.
[28]Peng F Z,Akagi H,Nabae A.A New Approach to Harmonic Compensation in Power System.IEEE IAS Conference Record,1988:874-880
[29]Texas Instruments, TMS320F2812 Digital Signal Processor. July 2007.
[30]Texas Instruments, THS14XX/5691 EVM for the THS14XX and THS56XX DAC Families User's Guide, September 2000