杨树人工林修枝机理及修枝技术体系的研究
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摘要
本文以不同林分密度的I-69杨（Populus deltoides Bartr. cv.‘Lux’）和107杨（Populus×euramericana cv.‘Neva’）为研究对象，从不同冠层叶片光合特性及营养元素含量变化、修枝口愈合进程、不同修枝处理（方法）对生长量与地上部分生物量的影响等方面开展了杨树人工林修枝机理与修枝技术体系的研究。主要研究结论如下：
1、不同冠层叶片光合特性和小气候特征存在明显差异，I-69杨和107杨从下往上三轮枝条（冠层Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）的叶片光合能力是冠层Ⅲ＞Ⅱ＞Ⅰ，叶片生长状况及周围水热状况都是冠层Ⅲ最好、Ⅱ次之、Ⅰ较差。
2、不同冠层叶片营养元素含量的变化存在差异，冠层Ⅲ叶片营养状况最好，Ⅱ次之，Ⅰ最差。
3、杨树修枝口愈合进程与杨树无性系和修枝口大小密切相关，研发结果表明：修枝起始年龄以第一轮枝条的年龄达到4年为宜，修枝季节以春季为宜；
4、适度修枝有利于提高杨树主干饱满度、生长量和地上部分生物量，以处理二的修枝方案对I-69杨进行修枝、以处理一的修枝方案对欧美107杨进行修枝，效果更好；
5、成功探索出了一种新的杨树修枝方法——年龄轮生枝法，使农民对杨树修枝一目了然，可操作性强，容易推广；
6、总结出了一套比较系统科学的杨树修枝技术体系，对修枝林分条件、修枝起始年龄、修枝季节、修枝年限与修枝强度、修枝质量要求、修枝工具等环节提出了明确要求，将为定向培育高干、饱满、无节的优质杨树胶合板材提供有力的技术支撑。
In this paper, the plantations (different density) of poplar clone I-69（P. deltoides Bartr. cv.‘Lux’）and poplar clone107（Populus×euramericana cv.‘Neva’） were taken as the object ofstudy, the leaves’ photosynthesis characteristics and variation of nutrition element contents ofdifferent canopy layers, the cealescence process of pruning wounds, the influence of differentpruning treatments or ways on trunk’s growth quantity and aboveground biomass of whole tree,the pruning mechanism and the system of pruning technology were researched, and the researchresults showed:
1. The difference of leaves’ photosynthesis characteristics and microclimate characteristics ofdifferent canopy layers were significant. The photosynthesis capacity of leaves of three layers ofwhorled branches from the bottom up (named as canopy layer Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ) in poplar clone I-69and poplar clone107was: canopy layer Ⅲ＞Ⅱ＞Ⅰ. The leaves’ growth status and the conditionof water and heat among different canopy layers were: canopy layer Ⅲ was the best, canopylayer Ⅱ was second and canopy layer Ⅰ was worst.
2. The variation of nutrition element content of leaves of different canopy layers weredifferent, the leaves’ nutrient status of canopy layer Ⅲ were the best, canopy layer Ⅱ weresecond, canopy layer Ⅰwere the worst.
3. The cealescence process of poplar pruning wounds was closely connected with the varietyof poplar clones and the width of pruning wounds, the more appropriate initial pruning age forbranches of canopy layer Ⅰ of poplar clone I-69and107was4years, and the more appropriatepruning season was the Spring.
4. Moderate pruning was beneficial to improving the plumpness, growth of poplar trunk andaboveground biomass, the pruning scheme based on treatment Ⅱ was better for poplar clone I-69,likewise the pruning scheme based on treatment Ⅰwas better for poplar clone107.
5. A new pruning way of poplar was invented successfully—pruning way according to theafforestation age and the status of whorled branches, with which the farmers can prune poplarbranches at a glance, whose operability is higher and popularization is easier.
6. A set of scientific system of pruning techniques of poplar was summarized systematically.The conditions of pruned poplar stands, the initial pruning age, the pruning season, the pruningperiod and pruning intensity, the pruning quality and the pruning implements were positivelydemanded, which will provide with powerful support for cultivating high quality wood forplywood with high trunk, large plumpness and no knots.
1、不同冠层叶片光合特性和小气候特征存在明显差异，I-69杨和107杨从下往上三轮枝条（冠层Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）的叶片光合能力是冠层Ⅲ＞Ⅱ＞Ⅰ，叶片生长状况及周围水热状况都是冠层Ⅲ最好、Ⅱ次之、Ⅰ较差。
2、不同冠层叶片营养元素含量的变化存在差异，冠层Ⅲ叶片营养状况最好，Ⅱ次之，Ⅰ最差。
3、杨树修枝口愈合进程与杨树无性系和修枝口大小密切相关，研发结果表明：修枝起始年龄以第一轮枝条的年龄达到4年为宜，修枝季节以春季为宜；
4、适度修枝有利于提高杨树主干饱满度、生长量和地上部分生物量，以处理二的修枝方案对I-69杨进行修枝、以处理一的修枝方案对欧美107杨进行修枝，效果更好；
5、成功探索出了一种新的杨树修枝方法——年龄轮生枝法，使农民对杨树修枝一目了然，可操作性强，容易推广；
6、总结出了一套比较系统科学的杨树修枝技术体系，对修枝林分条件、修枝起始年龄、修枝季节、修枝年限与修枝强度、修枝质量要求、修枝工具等环节提出了明确要求，将为定向培育高干、饱满、无节的优质杨树胶合板材提供有力的技术支撑。
In this paper, the plantations (different density) of poplar clone I-69（P. deltoides Bartr. cv.‘Lux’）and poplar clone107（Populus×euramericana cv.‘Neva’） were taken as the object ofstudy, the leaves’ photosynthesis characteristics and variation of nutrition element contents ofdifferent canopy layers, the cealescence process of pruning wounds, the influence of differentpruning treatments or ways on trunk’s growth quantity and aboveground biomass of whole tree,the pruning mechanism and the system of pruning technology were researched, and the researchresults showed:
1. The difference of leaves’ photosynthesis characteristics and microclimate characteristics ofdifferent canopy layers were significant. The photosynthesis capacity of leaves of three layers ofwhorled branches from the bottom up (named as canopy layer Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ) in poplar clone I-69and poplar clone107was: canopy layer Ⅲ＞Ⅱ＞Ⅰ. The leaves’ growth status and the conditionof water and heat among different canopy layers were: canopy layer Ⅲ was the best, canopylayer Ⅱ was second and canopy layer Ⅰ was worst.
2. The variation of nutrition element content of leaves of different canopy layers weredifferent, the leaves’ nutrient status of canopy layer Ⅲ were the best, canopy layer Ⅱ weresecond, canopy layer Ⅰwere the worst.
3. The cealescence process of poplar pruning wounds was closely connected with the varietyof poplar clones and the width of pruning wounds, the more appropriate initial pruning age forbranches of canopy layer Ⅰ of poplar clone I-69and107was4years, and the more appropriatepruning season was the Spring.
4. Moderate pruning was beneficial to improving the plumpness, growth of poplar trunk andaboveground biomass, the pruning scheme based on treatment Ⅱ was better for poplar clone I-69,likewise the pruning scheme based on treatment Ⅰwas better for poplar clone107.
5. A new pruning way of poplar was invented successfully—pruning way according to theafforestation age and the status of whorled branches, with which the farmers can prune poplarbranches at a glance, whose operability is higher and popularization is easier.
6. A set of scientific system of pruning techniques of poplar was summarized systematically.The conditions of pruned poplar stands, the initial pruning age, the pruning season, the pruningperiod and pruning intensity, the pruning quality and the pruning implements were positivelydemanded, which will provide with powerful support for cultivating high quality wood forplywood with high trunk, large plumpness and no knots.
引文
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