豇豆荚螟生物学特性及其性信息素粗提物应用的初步研究
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摘要
本项目论文所研究的内容都是针对豇豆荚螟性信息素组分提取及其田间应用需解决的理论问题和技术问题而设计的。通过豇豆荚螟求偶与交配规律等生物学特性的研究,探明了豇豆荚螟产生和释放性信息素的高峰期,从豇豆荚螟性腺中提取性信息素的粗提物进行性信息素的应用初步研究,通过选取不同材质的诱芯,不同类型诱捕器等田间诱蛾试验,确定了材质为硅橡胶及含5或7头雌蛾性信息素粗提物当量的诱芯及使用蓝色水盆诱捕器诱蛾效果较好,为进一步研究豇豆荚螟性信息素奠定了基础。主要研究可归结为以下几点:
(1)研究了长沙地区各代豇豆荚螟蛹的预蛹期和蛹历期,首次研究了豇豆荚螟雌雄性比及昼夜活动节律,雌雄虫羽化节律及其差异,未交配雌雄蛾和交配雌雄蛾的寿命及其差异。
(2)通过豇豆荚螟雌蛾求偶行为观察发现,该虫求偶行为均发生在暗期,第3d到第4d达高峰期,且求偶高峰出现在暗期后7～9h,求偶率达到60～80%。豇豆荚螟雌蛾0到1日龄就出现交配活动,但交配率只有7%左右,4日龄达到高峰期,交配率达55%以上,以后逐渐衰退,到7、8日龄几乎没有交配活动。室内豇豆荚螟雌雄蛾均有多次交配习性,雄蛾最多交配3次,平均1.89次,雌蛾最多交配2次,平均交配1.26次。在田间自然条件下,大多数豇豆荚螟雌蛾交配1次,最多可交配2次。
(3)解剖镜下观察了豇豆荚螟雌雄成虫内外生殖系统,对其特征和变化进行了系统描述。
(4)田间诱蛾试验表明:蓝色水盆式诱捕器和黄色水盆式诱捕器对豇豆荚螟的诱蛾效果差异不显著,白色水盆式诱捕器诱蛾效果较差。
(5)诱芯的载体材质分别为硅橡胶、滤纸、脱酯棉诱蛾效果相对较好,平均每d诱蛾分别为2.5、2.6和2.3头,材质为医用青霉素瓶橡皮塞效果次之,平均每d诱蛾1.3头。
(6)采用蓝色水盆式诱捕器,硅橡胶塞诱芯进行诱蛾,以诱芯含5头和7头雌蛾性信息素当量诱蛾效果最好,平均每d诱蛾数分别为1.4和1.13头,诱芯含1、2、10和12头雌蛾性信息素当量诱蛾效果相对较差,平均每d诱蛾数分别为0.43、0.67、0.76和0.58头。
(7)硅橡胶塞诱芯和滤纸诱芯的田间诱蛾有效时间研究表明:采用蓝色水盆式诱捕器,硅橡胶塞诱芯,诱芯含5和7头雌蛾性信息素当量诱蛾效果在诱蛾第1d到第11d平均每d诱蛾数量在1.5头以上,第12d后诱蛾效果开始减弱,平均每d诱蛾数量在0.5头以下,第17d后诱蛾效果完全消失。采用蓝色水盆诱捕器,滤纸诱芯,诱芯含5和7头雌蛾性信息素当量诱蛾效果在诱蛾第1d到第7d平均每天诱蛾数量在1.0头以上,第8d后诱蛾效果开始减弱,第8d和第9d平均每天诱蛾数为0.5头,第10d后诱蛾效果完全消失。
(8)利用豇豆荚螟性信息素诱蛾,预测下一代豇豆荚螟的卵高峰,幼虫孵化高峰,通过田间调查印证是准确的,可为豇豆荚螟发生期预测预报增添一项新的有效方法。
This project is designed around these theory questions and application technologies ,that must be resolved when sex pheromone of The legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis is extracted and applied in the field According to researching of the calling and mating disciplinarian of the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis ,we announced the peak that the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis products and releases sex pheromone. According to field experiments, we affirmed that the effect on capturing with blue water tray trap with the carriers of silicon-rubber and the lures containing 5 or 7 females' sex pheromone is better. The main research results are as follows:
(1) The legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis's sex ratio、acting rhythms day and night、female and male eclosion rhythms and difference ,female and male adult life-spans and their differences of The legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis were researched for the first time.
(2) According observing action of The female calling, we discovered the action of calling took place during the dark period and the calling peak appeared at the 7th to 9th hours of the 3rd dark time after the female adult elusion, calling rate is 60～70%.The mating action is discovered when the female adult is 0 or 1 day old. but the mating rate is only 7%. When the female adult is 4 days old ,the mating rate action arrives at peak and the mating rate is about 55%. After this the mating action decline .when the female adult is 7 or 8 days old , the action of mating almost disappears. The female and male adult mated for several times in their lives in laboratory, the male mates for 3 times at best in all their lives and the average times are 1.89. The female mates for 2 times at best, the average times are 1.26. Under field condition, most of female adult moths mate for 1 time and mates for 2 times at best.
(3) We dissected and watched the different period adult' internal and external reproductive system of male and female of The legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis through the stereoscope and described its characteristics and its changes systematically for the first time.
(4) Results of the fields experiments on effiencies of the blue、yellow and white water tray traps baited with extracted sex pheromones from gland for capturing male moths of the The legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis show: the effiencies of blue water tray and yellow water tray traps bait male moth are better,both the difference are not statistically significant(p=0.05), the effiency of white water tray baiting male moth is worse.
(5) Four kind of lures whose carriers of sex pheromones were different , silicon-rubber, filter paper, degreased- cotton and rubber-plug of ,for catching males moth of the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis with blue water tray traps ,were evaluated. The trap catches were significantly greater in water-trap with lures of silicon-rubber, silicon-rubber and filter paper than in water-trap with lure of rubber-plug, the average per night catches were 2.5、2.6、2.3 and 1.3 respectively.
(6) Extracted sex pheromones from gland of 1,2,5,7,10,12 as the attractant whose carriers were silicon-rubber for catching males moth of the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis with blue water tray traps ,were evaluated .The better catch results were obtained in water tray traps with the attractant of 5 and 7 females sex pheromones ,the average catches per night were 1.4 and 1.13.The others average per night catches 0.43、0.67、0.76 and 0.58 respectably.
(7) Studies on effective time of capturing moth showed: The average capturing moth amounts in blue water tray traps with the lure of silicon-rubber carrier containing the attractant of 5 or 7 females sex pheromones per trap per night from the 1st to 11th day were over 1.5, after the 12th day. The effect of capturing moth began to decline, The average capturing moth amounts per trap per night were under 0.5 and the effect of capturing moth disappeared after the 17th day. Under the same condition, the average capturing moth amounts per trap per night were over 1.0 from the 1st to the 7th day, after the 8th day with the lure of filter paper carrier, the effect of capturing moth began to decline .
(8) The peak of egg-laying and larva-hatching of The legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis can be accurately predicted by using sex pheromones in the field for trapping the male moths. This method is better than others and has been shown as a new and effective mean for prediction of the occurrence of the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis.
(1)研究了长沙地区各代豇豆荚螟蛹的预蛹期和蛹历期,首次研究了豇豆荚螟雌雄性比及昼夜活动节律,雌雄虫羽化节律及其差异,未交配雌雄蛾和交配雌雄蛾的寿命及其差异。
(2)通过豇豆荚螟雌蛾求偶行为观察发现,该虫求偶行为均发生在暗期,第3d到第4d达高峰期,且求偶高峰出现在暗期后7～9h,求偶率达到60～80%。豇豆荚螟雌蛾0到1日龄就出现交配活动,但交配率只有7%左右,4日龄达到高峰期,交配率达55%以上,以后逐渐衰退,到7、8日龄几乎没有交配活动。室内豇豆荚螟雌雄蛾均有多次交配习性,雄蛾最多交配3次,平均1.89次,雌蛾最多交配2次,平均交配1.26次。在田间自然条件下,大多数豇豆荚螟雌蛾交配1次,最多可交配2次。
(3)解剖镜下观察了豇豆荚螟雌雄成虫内外生殖系统,对其特征和变化进行了系统描述。
(4)田间诱蛾试验表明:蓝色水盆式诱捕器和黄色水盆式诱捕器对豇豆荚螟的诱蛾效果差异不显著,白色水盆式诱捕器诱蛾效果较差。
(5)诱芯的载体材质分别为硅橡胶、滤纸、脱酯棉诱蛾效果相对较好,平均每d诱蛾分别为2.5、2.6和2.3头,材质为医用青霉素瓶橡皮塞效果次之,平均每d诱蛾1.3头。
(6)采用蓝色水盆式诱捕器,硅橡胶塞诱芯进行诱蛾,以诱芯含5头和7头雌蛾性信息素当量诱蛾效果最好,平均每d诱蛾数分别为1.4和1.13头,诱芯含1、2、10和12头雌蛾性信息素当量诱蛾效果相对较差,平均每d诱蛾数分别为0.43、0.67、0.76和0.58头。
(7)硅橡胶塞诱芯和滤纸诱芯的田间诱蛾有效时间研究表明:采用蓝色水盆式诱捕器,硅橡胶塞诱芯,诱芯含5和7头雌蛾性信息素当量诱蛾效果在诱蛾第1d到第11d平均每d诱蛾数量在1.5头以上,第12d后诱蛾效果开始减弱,平均每d诱蛾数量在0.5头以下,第17d后诱蛾效果完全消失。采用蓝色水盆诱捕器,滤纸诱芯,诱芯含5和7头雌蛾性信息素当量诱蛾效果在诱蛾第1d到第7d平均每天诱蛾数量在1.0头以上,第8d后诱蛾效果开始减弱,第8d和第9d平均每天诱蛾数为0.5头,第10d后诱蛾效果完全消失。
(8)利用豇豆荚螟性信息素诱蛾,预测下一代豇豆荚螟的卵高峰,幼虫孵化高峰,通过田间调查印证是准确的,可为豇豆荚螟发生期预测预报增添一项新的有效方法。
This project is designed around these theory questions and application technologies ,that must be resolved when sex pheromone of The legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis is extracted and applied in the field According to researching of the calling and mating disciplinarian of the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis ,we announced the peak that the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis products and releases sex pheromone. According to field experiments, we affirmed that the effect on capturing with blue water tray trap with the carriers of silicon-rubber and the lures containing 5 or 7 females' sex pheromone is better. The main research results are as follows:
(1) The legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis's sex ratio、acting rhythms day and night、female and male eclosion rhythms and difference ,female and male adult life-spans and their differences of The legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis were researched for the first time.
(2) According observing action of The female calling, we discovered the action of calling took place during the dark period and the calling peak appeared at the 7th to 9th hours of the 3rd dark time after the female adult elusion, calling rate is 60～70%.The mating action is discovered when the female adult is 0 or 1 day old. but the mating rate is only 7%. When the female adult is 4 days old ,the mating rate action arrives at peak and the mating rate is about 55%. After this the mating action decline .when the female adult is 7 or 8 days old , the action of mating almost disappears. The female and male adult mated for several times in their lives in laboratory, the male mates for 3 times at best in all their lives and the average times are 1.89. The female mates for 2 times at best, the average times are 1.26. Under field condition, most of female adult moths mate for 1 time and mates for 2 times at best.
(3) We dissected and watched the different period adult' internal and external reproductive system of male and female of The legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis through the stereoscope and described its characteristics and its changes systematically for the first time.
(4) Results of the fields experiments on effiencies of the blue、yellow and white water tray traps baited with extracted sex pheromones from gland for capturing male moths of the The legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis show: the effiencies of blue water tray and yellow water tray traps bait male moth are better,both the difference are not statistically significant(p=0.05), the effiency of white water tray baiting male moth is worse.
(5) Four kind of lures whose carriers of sex pheromones were different , silicon-rubber, filter paper, degreased- cotton and rubber-plug of ,for catching males moth of the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis with blue water tray traps ,were evaluated. The trap catches were significantly greater in water-trap with lures of silicon-rubber, silicon-rubber and filter paper than in water-trap with lure of rubber-plug, the average per night catches were 2.5、2.6、2.3 and 1.3 respectively.
(6) Extracted sex pheromones from gland of 1,2,5,7,10,12 as the attractant whose carriers were silicon-rubber for catching males moth of the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis with blue water tray traps ,were evaluated .The better catch results were obtained in water tray traps with the attractant of 5 and 7 females sex pheromones ,the average catches per night were 1.4 and 1.13.The others average per night catches 0.43、0.67、0.76 and 0.58 respectably.
(7) Studies on effective time of capturing moth showed: The average capturing moth amounts in blue water tray traps with the lure of silicon-rubber carrier containing the attractant of 5 or 7 females sex pheromones per trap per night from the 1st to 11th day were over 1.5, after the 12th day. The effect of capturing moth began to decline, The average capturing moth amounts per trap per night were under 0.5 and the effect of capturing moth disappeared after the 17th day. Under the same condition, the average capturing moth amounts per trap per night were over 1.0 from the 1st to the 7th day, after the 8th day with the lure of filter paper carrier, the effect of capturing moth began to decline .
(8) The peak of egg-laying and larva-hatching of The legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis can be accurately predicted by using sex pheromones in the field for trapping the male moths. This method is better than others and has been shown as a new and effective mean for prediction of the occurrence of the legume pod borer, Maruca testulalis.
引文
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