特高压电场的数值计算与全局优化
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摘要
特高压变压器是特高压变电站中最重要的设备之一。特高压变压器的绝缘设计对变压器的单台极限容量和运行可靠性具有决定性意义。对变压器进行电场分析,控制各处油隙的电场强度远小于起始局部放电电场,是特高压交流变压器绝缘设计的重要内容。变压器线圈及其出线装置的电场强度大小和均匀性直接影响特高压变压器设备的技术指标和经济指标,也影响了整个特高压输变电系统的经济性和稳定性,因此,对特高压变压器线圈及其出线装置的电场进行数值计算和优化设计具有重要意义。
本文针对一台特高压交流变压器样机建立了线圈及其出线装置的三维实体模型。对中部模型,采用二维电场计算,初步确定了所需要重点计算的关键区域。采用解析法,计算了等效介电常数,把多层油纸绝缘结构等效成单一绝缘介质,进而对线圈及其出线装置的三维计算模型的简化提供依据。将简化后的模型分为上下两部分,通过手动剖分与自由剖分相结合,成功的建立了它们的三维有限元模型。对顶部模型和底部模型分别进行三维电场计算,得到了它们的电压和电场的分布图,并计算了最大电场强度值以及最大电场所在的位置,验证了样机线圈及其出线装置绝缘设计的合理性。
为提高变压器线圈及其出线装置的设计效率,本文将高效快速的参数化方法从一般模型设计深入到有限元分析。采用APDL编写变压器线圈及其出线装置电场的参数化有限元分析文件,实现了后台调用ANSYS进行完全自动化批处理的可变参数有限元计算,并在此基础上采用零阶方法分别对顶部模型和底部模型的最大场强进行优化,分别得到最优解。通过对上下两部分的最优解的比较,得到了整个线圈及其出线装置最大场强的全局最优解。
本文探讨了ANSYS与其它外部程序的接口方法,并编写了VC++6.0和ANSYS软件的接口程序。通过接口程序,可以实现在VC++6.0中将ANSYS作为子程序进行调用。采用这种方法,将遗传算法与有限元分析结合起来,通过VC++6.0和ANSYS对外部文件的读写实现参数的传递,从而完成了对变压器线圈及其出线装置电场的优化设计。最后,采用同样的方法,将粒子群算法引入到特高压变压器线圈及其出线装置电场的优化设计中,并分析了几种算法的优缺点。
The ultra-high voltage (UHV) transformer is one of the most important equipment in transformer substation. The insulation design is significant for the capacity limit and the function reliability of UHV transformer. It is necessary in the UHV transformer insulation design to analyze the electric field and decrease the electric field strength around the oil gap. The electric field strength and uniformity of transformer coil and outlet device have direct influence on the qualification and economic indicator as well as economical efficiency and stabilization of the UHV transformer. Thus, it is significant to carry out the numerical calculation and optimization on the electric field of the UHV transformer coil and outlet device.
In this paper, the 3-D solid model is built for an UHV transformer prototype. 2-D electric field of the model middle part is calculated for preliminary confirmation of the critical area which needed selective calculation. The analysis method is employed to solve the equivalent dielectric constant considering the multilayer insulation oil-paper as homogeneous medium, and then the 3-D solid model can be simplified by dividing the model into two parts, the upper half and the lower one. The 3-D finite element meshing model is constructed by manual and auto-meshing generation so as to calculate the electric field around the upper half coil and the lower one, respectively. Voltage and electric field distribution are obtained, and the maximum electric field strength is calculated as well as its location is found. These calculated results verify the reasonability of the insulation design of the prototype’s coil and outlet device.
To improve the coil and outlet device design efficiency, the finite element analysis is employed instead of fast and efficient parametric method of common model. The parametric finite element analysis file for electric field of coil and outlet device is compiled by APDL. And the variable parametric finite element calculation is established by invoking ANSYS in the computer programming to realize automatically processing batch. Furthermore, the maximum electric field is optimized by zero order optimization method in upper and lower model, and the optimal solution can be obtained. The overall optimized solution is obtained by comparing the optimized solutions of upper and lower model.
The interface programming between ANSYS and other outer computer code is discussed in this paper, and the interface program code is proposed to link VC++6.0 and ANSYS. ANSYS can be invoked as VC++6.0’s subroutine by this interface program. Then the genetic algorithms and the finite element analysis are integrated to optimize the electric field of UHV transformer coil and outlet device by operating parameter delivery in VC++6.0 and ANSYS programming. Finally, particle swarm algorithm is introduced to optimize the electric field of the UHV transformer coil and outlet device with the same method. Additionally, merits and demerits are analyzed on the optimization algorithms of this paper.
本文针对一台特高压交流变压器样机建立了线圈及其出线装置的三维实体模型。对中部模型,采用二维电场计算,初步确定了所需要重点计算的关键区域。采用解析法,计算了等效介电常数,把多层油纸绝缘结构等效成单一绝缘介质,进而对线圈及其出线装置的三维计算模型的简化提供依据。将简化后的模型分为上下两部分,通过手动剖分与自由剖分相结合,成功的建立了它们的三维有限元模型。对顶部模型和底部模型分别进行三维电场计算,得到了它们的电压和电场的分布图,并计算了最大电场强度值以及最大电场所在的位置,验证了样机线圈及其出线装置绝缘设计的合理性。
为提高变压器线圈及其出线装置的设计效率,本文将高效快速的参数化方法从一般模型设计深入到有限元分析。采用APDL编写变压器线圈及其出线装置电场的参数化有限元分析文件,实现了后台调用ANSYS进行完全自动化批处理的可变参数有限元计算,并在此基础上采用零阶方法分别对顶部模型和底部模型的最大场强进行优化,分别得到最优解。通过对上下两部分的最优解的比较,得到了整个线圈及其出线装置最大场强的全局最优解。
本文探讨了ANSYS与其它外部程序的接口方法,并编写了VC++6.0和ANSYS软件的接口程序。通过接口程序,可以实现在VC++6.0中将ANSYS作为子程序进行调用。采用这种方法,将遗传算法与有限元分析结合起来,通过VC++6.0和ANSYS对外部文件的读写实现参数的传递,从而完成了对变压器线圈及其出线装置电场的优化设计。最后,采用同样的方法,将粒子群算法引入到特高压变压器线圈及其出线装置电场的优化设计中,并分析了几种算法的优缺点。
The ultra-high voltage (UHV) transformer is one of the most important equipment in transformer substation. The insulation design is significant for the capacity limit and the function reliability of UHV transformer. It is necessary in the UHV transformer insulation design to analyze the electric field and decrease the electric field strength around the oil gap. The electric field strength and uniformity of transformer coil and outlet device have direct influence on the qualification and economic indicator as well as economical efficiency and stabilization of the UHV transformer. Thus, it is significant to carry out the numerical calculation and optimization on the electric field of the UHV transformer coil and outlet device.
In this paper, the 3-D solid model is built for an UHV transformer prototype. 2-D electric field of the model middle part is calculated for preliminary confirmation of the critical area which needed selective calculation. The analysis method is employed to solve the equivalent dielectric constant considering the multilayer insulation oil-paper as homogeneous medium, and then the 3-D solid model can be simplified by dividing the model into two parts, the upper half and the lower one. The 3-D finite element meshing model is constructed by manual and auto-meshing generation so as to calculate the electric field around the upper half coil and the lower one, respectively. Voltage and electric field distribution are obtained, and the maximum electric field strength is calculated as well as its location is found. These calculated results verify the reasonability of the insulation design of the prototype’s coil and outlet device.
To improve the coil and outlet device design efficiency, the finite element analysis is employed instead of fast and efficient parametric method of common model. The parametric finite element analysis file for electric field of coil and outlet device is compiled by APDL. And the variable parametric finite element calculation is established by invoking ANSYS in the computer programming to realize automatically processing batch. Furthermore, the maximum electric field is optimized by zero order optimization method in upper and lower model, and the optimal solution can be obtained. The overall optimized solution is obtained by comparing the optimized solutions of upper and lower model.
The interface programming between ANSYS and other outer computer code is discussed in this paper, and the interface program code is proposed to link VC++6.0 and ANSYS. ANSYS can be invoked as VC++6.0’s subroutine by this interface program. Then the genetic algorithms and the finite element analysis are integrated to optimize the electric field of UHV transformer coil and outlet device by operating parameter delivery in VC++6.0 and ANSYS programming. Finally, particle swarm algorithm is introduced to optimize the electric field of the UHV transformer coil and outlet device with the same method. Additionally, merits and demerits are analyzed on the optimization algorithms of this paper.
引文
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