滇池泥炭土工程地质特性试验研究
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摘要
随着昆明市城乡建设的飞速发展，软基处理工程日益广泛和复杂化，然而在滇池盆地地区，工程地质性质较差的软土尤其是泥炭土分布广泛，对昆明市的经济建设带来许多问题。从目前关于软土的研究状况来看，泥炭土的研究理论方面不多。因此研究滇池地区泥炭土的工程特性，进行泥炭土软土地基处理，也就成为工程地质学和岩土工程的重要内容之一。
本文主要对滇池附近泥炭土的工程地质性质进行试验研究。
首先，选取滇池附近船房河岸边的一试验场地，对其进行了现场原位试验，包括静力触探试验、十字板剪切试验和扁铲侧胀试验。其中，特别引入的扁铲侧胀试验在云南省的岩土工程领域尚未推广开来，属于较新的原位试验方法。原位试验结果表明，滇池地区泥炭土属于高灵敏土，较其它类土的灵敏度大，说明结构性和扰动因素等对泥炭土强度的影响较大。扁铲原位试验的结果反映出泥炭土的含水量大，其土体内孔隙水压力也相应地比其它土类高，故其土体的抗剪强度有效值则更小。
其次，在试验场地钻孔取样进行室内土工试验，包括各种土的物理指标试验和直剪、三轴剪切试验。结合试验结果分析了含水量变化对泥炭土的影响规律。通过曲线的拟合得出各物理力学指标之间的相关关系。通过不同原位试验间的力学指标相关性分析得出泥炭土的两大强度指标粘聚力和内摩擦角的数值关系。对三轴试验成果进行归一化处理并在此基础上进行了非线弹性分析，提出滇池地区泥炭土的应力—应变关系符合邓肯—张的双曲线模型关系，进而得到弹性模量的变化关系式。这对于边坡和基坑稳定以及沉降计算等方面具有一定的实际意义。
With the highly development of Kunming city and countryside, the soft clay ground treatment is more widespread and complicate day by day. Distribution of the peat soil in Kunming Pond basin area is so extensive. As one of the soft soil that has the worse geotechnical engineering properties, peat soil brings a lot of questions to the economic construction of Kunming city. According to studying of peat soil, there are few research theories about it. So the studying of the project properties of peat soil of Kunming Pond and dealing with the peat soil foundation become one of the important contents of geotechnical engineering.
This paper mainly carries on experimental study to the geological properties of peat land near Kunming pond.
First, a test site was choosed by the bank of Chuanfang River in the Kunming Pond area. And the in-situ test have been carried here, that include static cone penetration, vane shear test and flat dilatometer test. Among them, flat dilatometer test belongs to a newer method of in-situ test which has not popularized in the field of geotechnical engineering in Yunnan Province. The in-situ test results show that the peat soil in Kunming Pond is the high sensitive soil. Its sensitivity is larger than the sensitivity of other kinds of soil. That proves structure and dynamic factor exercise a great influence on the strength of peat soil. The result of DTM test explained that peat soil has great water content. And Its pore water pressure is higher than other soil, so the effective stress is lower.
Secondly, the laboratory experiment to the sample of peat soil was taken. It concludes experiments of physical parameter, direct shear test and triaxial test. According to the results of laboratory test, this paper analyzes the effect of water content on the parameter of shear strength of peat soil. Then, put forward to a formulation about the coherent strength and the fiction angle respectively and the relevant relations between every physics mechanics parameter. By the way of inductive method to deal with the results of triaxial test, and, through the nonlinear elastic analysis based on the normalization, it was proposed that the stress-strain relation of peat soil conforms to hyperbolic model by Duncan&Chang. And then the change relational expression of the modulus was obtained through analyzing. All of these will contribute to calculating the stability of slope and deep excavation as well as the displacement of foundation.
本文主要对滇池附近泥炭土的工程地质性质进行试验研究。
首先，选取滇池附近船房河岸边的一试验场地，对其进行了现场原位试验，包括静力触探试验、十字板剪切试验和扁铲侧胀试验。其中，特别引入的扁铲侧胀试验在云南省的岩土工程领域尚未推广开来，属于较新的原位试验方法。原位试验结果表明，滇池地区泥炭土属于高灵敏土，较其它类土的灵敏度大，说明结构性和扰动因素等对泥炭土强度的影响较大。扁铲原位试验的结果反映出泥炭土的含水量大，其土体内孔隙水压力也相应地比其它土类高，故其土体的抗剪强度有效值则更小。
其次，在试验场地钻孔取样进行室内土工试验，包括各种土的物理指标试验和直剪、三轴剪切试验。结合试验结果分析了含水量变化对泥炭土的影响规律。通过曲线的拟合得出各物理力学指标之间的相关关系。通过不同原位试验间的力学指标相关性分析得出泥炭土的两大强度指标粘聚力和内摩擦角的数值关系。对三轴试验成果进行归一化处理并在此基础上进行了非线弹性分析，提出滇池地区泥炭土的应力—应变关系符合邓肯—张的双曲线模型关系，进而得到弹性模量的变化关系式。这对于边坡和基坑稳定以及沉降计算等方面具有一定的实际意义。
With the highly development of Kunming city and countryside, the soft clay ground treatment is more widespread and complicate day by day. Distribution of the peat soil in Kunming Pond basin area is so extensive. As one of the soft soil that has the worse geotechnical engineering properties, peat soil brings a lot of questions to the economic construction of Kunming city. According to studying of peat soil, there are few research theories about it. So the studying of the project properties of peat soil of Kunming Pond and dealing with the peat soil foundation become one of the important contents of geotechnical engineering.
This paper mainly carries on experimental study to the geological properties of peat land near Kunming pond.
First, a test site was choosed by the bank of Chuanfang River in the Kunming Pond area. And the in-situ test have been carried here, that include static cone penetration, vane shear test and flat dilatometer test. Among them, flat dilatometer test belongs to a newer method of in-situ test which has not popularized in the field of geotechnical engineering in Yunnan Province. The in-situ test results show that the peat soil in Kunming Pond is the high sensitive soil. Its sensitivity is larger than the sensitivity of other kinds of soil. That proves structure and dynamic factor exercise a great influence on the strength of peat soil. The result of DTM test explained that peat soil has great water content. And Its pore water pressure is higher than other soil, so the effective stress is lower.
Secondly, the laboratory experiment to the sample of peat soil was taken. It concludes experiments of physical parameter, direct shear test and triaxial test. According to the results of laboratory test, this paper analyzes the effect of water content on the parameter of shear strength of peat soil. Then, put forward to a formulation about the coherent strength and the fiction angle respectively and the relevant relations between every physics mechanics parameter. By the way of inductive method to deal with the results of triaxial test, and, through the nonlinear elastic analysis based on the normalization, it was proposed that the stress-strain relation of peat soil conforms to hyperbolic model by Duncan&Chang. And then the change relational expression of the modulus was obtained through analyzing. All of these will contribute to calculating the stability of slope and deep excavation as well as the displacement of foundation.
引文
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[37] Marchetti S. ( 1999)" Sand liquefiability assessment by DMT", L'Aquila University, Italy, Unpublished report (May 1999) .
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[4] 赛湖北．南昆线泥炭土地基加固处理试验及分析，铁道建筑技术，1995(1)：17-19．
[5] 柏松平，李俊．青鱼湾大桥泥炭土地基钻孔漏浆的处理措施，云南现代交通，20052(2)：24-27．
[6] 黄俊．南昆线七甸泥炭土的工程岩土学特征，路基工程，1999(6)：6-12．
[7] 张路，詹长久，李翠华等．昆明滇池泥炭土的某些特性，土工基础，2006 20(2)：93-94．
[8] 阮永芬，刘岳东，王东等．昆明泥炭与泥炭质土对建筑地基的影响，昆明理工大学学报(理工版)，2003 28(3)：121-124．
[9] 丁常国，南昆线用粉喷搅拌桩加固泥炭土地基，铁道建筑，2001(6)：13-15．
[10] 龚木金．昆明滇池超软弱地基的振冲加固，水利发电，1999(11)：55-57．
[11] 严其芳，张水平．水泥搅拌桩在泥炭土中的应用，浙江水利科技，2002(5)：58-59．
[12] 韩毅昌，过国平．泥炭地层钻孔灌注桩施工技术措施，探矿工程，2003(3)：7-9．
[13] 王娟娣．水泥搅拌桩在泥炭土地基中的工程应用，岩土力学与工程的理论及实践，1999：388-391．
[14] 黄俊．西南地区泥炭土地基加固技术，见：第八届全国地基处理学术讨论会论文集：450-458．
[15] 乐云，杨燕．滇池王家堆围埝的软基处理，有色金属设计，2001 28(4)：70-74．
[16] 孙更生，郑大同．软土地基与地下工程[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1987．
[17] 熊恩来，阮永芬，刘文连等．云南泥炭土力学特性实验及归一化性状研究，云南水利发电，2005 21(2)：39-42．
[18] 洪金德，刘华信，泥炭土粘性探讨，福建化工，2004(4)：12-14．
[19] 林宗元主编．岩土工程试验监测手册，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2005．
[20] 魏汝龙．室内试验和原位测试相辅相成不可偏废，岩土工程学报，1997(1)：102-103．
[21] 谢立新．土工试验技术的现状与发展，山西建筑，2001 27(4)：59-60．
[22] 王钟琦等．岩土工程测试技术，北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1986．
[23] 张喜发等．工程地质原位测试，北京：地质出版社，1988．
[24] 孟高头．土体工程勘察原位测试及其工程应用，北京：地质出版社，1992．
[25] 孟高头．土体原位测试机理、方法及其工程应用，北京：地质出版社，1997．
[26] Campanclla, R. C., and Robertson, P. K., Guidelines for use and interpretation of the electronic cone penetration test, second edition, sept. 1984.
[27] Rice, H., M. A. Sc. Thesis, The seismic cone penetrometer, U. B. C., Canada, 1984.
[28] Teh, C. I., et al., An analytical study of the CPT in Clay, Geotechnique 41, No.1, 1991.
[29] Meng Gaotou, Both the internal friction angle and the Cohesion of cohesive soils and soil types determined by means of the static cone penetration (CPT), proceedings of seventh Internation Association of Engineering Geology, lisboa, Portugal, A. A. Balkema/Rotterdam/Broofield/1994.
[30] Marchetti S. (1980). In Situ Test by Flat Dilatometer. ASCE Journal GED, Vol, 106, No. GT3, Mar. , 299～321
[31] ASTM Subcommitee D 18.02.10 ( 1986), J. H. Schmertmann, Chairman, Suggested Method for Performing the Flat Dilatometer Test, ASTM Geotechnical Testing Journal, Vol.9, NO.2, 93-101. June.
[32] Marcheti S. (1994) "An example of use of DMT as an help for evaluating compaction of Subgrade and underlying Embankment", Internal Techn. Note, Draft Oct.
[33] Marchetti S. (1997) "The Flat Dilatometer: Design Applications" Third Geotechnical Engineering. Conf. Cairo University, Jan. 1997, Keynote lecture, 26 pp.
[34] Marchetti S. (1998) "Dilatometer testing and its application", Paper prepared for the seminars organized by the China Site Investigation Associations in Beijing; Wuhan, Guangzhou June-July 1998, 9pp.
[35] Marchetti S. (1999) "The Flat Dilatometer and its applications to Geotechnical Design", International Seminar, Japanese Geotechnical Society, Tokyo, 12 Feb 1999.80 pp.
[36] Marchetti S. (1999)"On the calibration of the DMT membrane" , L'Aquila University, Italy, Unpublished report (March 1999).
[37] Marchetti S. ( 1999)" Sand liquefiability assessment by DMT", L'Aquila University, Italy, Unpublished report (May 1999) .
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