活性炭、木炭、改性污泥对偶氮染料吸附性能研究
|
摘要
本文选取了活性炭、木炭和两种改性污泥共四种吸附剂吸附直接大红染料废水,分别用电镜观察了SEM图,测定了其激光粒度和Zeta电位、用差热分析仪测定了其热稳定性、同时进行了FTIR红外光谱分析,研究了四种吸附剂对直接大红模拟染料废水的吸附效果,实验结果表明:
(1)四种吸附剂含有丰富的孔结构,差热分析证实,四种吸附剂热稳定性强弱顺序为:改性污泥B＞活性炭＞改性污泥A＞木炭,红外光谱图显示吸附剂官能团组成较为简单,主要为缔合-OH,C=O和C=C,C-O-C和C-C。
(2)吸附时间、温度、离子强度对吸附过程均存在一定的影响。
(3)常温下活性炭、木炭、改性污泥A、改性污泥B吸附平衡时间分别为:24h,1h,24h,48h;四种吸附剂吸附能力强弱顺序为:活性炭＞改性污泥B＞改性污泥A＞木炭,其常温下对染料的去除率分别为:82.3%,70.5%,42.7%,40.4%。
(4)吸附过程可以用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程进行描述。对于活性炭、改性污泥A,改性污泥B温度升高有利于吸附的进行,吸附过程为吸热反应;而木炭则随着温度的升高吸附能力减弱,吸附过程为放热反应。在温度为25℃时,活性炭、木炭、改性污泥A、改性污泥B的最大吸附量分别为357.14mg·g-1、31.847 mg·g-1、97.087 mg·g-1,142.86 mg·g-1。
(5)离子强度的引入对活性炭吸附直接大红有促进作用,而对其他三种吸附剂的吸附有抑制作用。
(6)根据温度对吸附的影响计算了四种吸附剂对直接大红染料的表观吉布斯自由能变化、焓变以及熵变,结果表明四种吸附剂对染料吸附的表观吉布斯自由能ΔG~0的值均小于0,吸附是自发进行的,其中活性炭、改性污泥A、改性污泥B的吸附是吸热反应,熵增大的过程,木炭对染料的吸附是放热过程,熵减小的过程。
(7)根据其时间对吸附效果的影响数据由计算结果得到四种吸附剂对大红染料的吸附过程均符合二级吸附动力学模型。
(8)改性污泥作为一种以废治废的廉价吸附剂,可以有效地处理染料废水。
In this paper,the active carbon sorbent,charcoal sorbent,two different modified sludge sorbent were used for treating dye wastewater,the strcture of the four soebents was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope and infrared spectroscopy,tested for granularity distributing and ZETA potenlial,the thermal stability was mensurated by differental thermal analysis apparatus The results show that:
(1) Four kinds of sorbents have abundant pores.The results from DSC indicate that four absorbents have thermal stability,The order of the thermal stability of the four adsorbents are as follows:modified sludge B＞active carbon＞modified sludge A＞charcoal;the results form FTIR indicate that the functional groups which in the sorbents are simpleness,association-OH,C=O,C=C,C-O-C and C-C.
(2) The adsorption time,the adsorption temprature,the salinity to adsorb have certain influence to the adsorption effects.
(3) The equilibrium time in normal temperature of the four adsorbents are as follows:24h,1h,24h,48h.The order of the capability of the four adsorbents for direct scarlet was as follows:active carbon＞modified sludge B＞modified sludge A＞charcoal,the corresponding elimination rate in room temperature was 82.3%,70.5%, 42.7%,40.4%.
(4) The adsorption process all fit the Langmuir and the Freundich isothermmodel exellently.For active carbon,modified sludge A and modified sludge B,the increase of temperatur does favor the adsorption process,while charcoal is in the other way round. when the temperatur is 25,the maximum adsorption capacities of active carbon,charcoal,modified sludge A and modified sludge B are 357.14mg·g-1,31.847 mg·g-1,97.087 mg·g-1,142.86 mg·g-1,respectively.
(5) For active carbon the existence of salinity has certain stimulation effect to adsorption,and has inhibitory effect for the other three.
(6) According to the influence of the temperature to the adsorption,the change of apparent Gibbs free energy,the enthalpy as well as the entropy of four kinds of adsorbents to direct scarlet are calculated.The results indicated that the adsorption processes of four kinds adsorbents are spontaneous.Active carbon,the adsorption process of modified sludge A and modified sludge B are endothermic and entropy increased process,while charcoal is exothermic and entropy reduced reaction.
(7) The influence of adsorption time to the adsorption shows that the adsorption process of all the adsorbents conform to the second-order model.
(8) The modified sludge as a inexpensive absorbent may disposal the priting waste water effectively.
(1)四种吸附剂含有丰富的孔结构,差热分析证实,四种吸附剂热稳定性强弱顺序为:改性污泥B＞活性炭＞改性污泥A＞木炭,红外光谱图显示吸附剂官能团组成较为简单,主要为缔合-OH,C=O和C=C,C-O-C和C-C。
(2)吸附时间、温度、离子强度对吸附过程均存在一定的影响。
(3)常温下活性炭、木炭、改性污泥A、改性污泥B吸附平衡时间分别为:24h,1h,24h,48h;四种吸附剂吸附能力强弱顺序为:活性炭＞改性污泥B＞改性污泥A＞木炭,其常温下对染料的去除率分别为:82.3%,70.5%,42.7%,40.4%。
(4)吸附过程可以用Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程进行描述。对于活性炭、改性污泥A,改性污泥B温度升高有利于吸附的进行,吸附过程为吸热反应;而木炭则随着温度的升高吸附能力减弱,吸附过程为放热反应。在温度为25℃时,活性炭、木炭、改性污泥A、改性污泥B的最大吸附量分别为357.14mg·g-1、31.847 mg·g-1、97.087 mg·g-1,142.86 mg·g-1。
(5)离子强度的引入对活性炭吸附直接大红有促进作用,而对其他三种吸附剂的吸附有抑制作用。
(6)根据温度对吸附的影响计算了四种吸附剂对直接大红染料的表观吉布斯自由能变化、焓变以及熵变,结果表明四种吸附剂对染料吸附的表观吉布斯自由能ΔG~0的值均小于0,吸附是自发进行的,其中活性炭、改性污泥A、改性污泥B的吸附是吸热反应,熵增大的过程,木炭对染料的吸附是放热过程,熵减小的过程。
(7)根据其时间对吸附效果的影响数据由计算结果得到四种吸附剂对大红染料的吸附过程均符合二级吸附动力学模型。
(8)改性污泥作为一种以废治废的廉价吸附剂,可以有效地处理染料废水。
In this paper,the active carbon sorbent,charcoal sorbent,two different modified sludge sorbent were used for treating dye wastewater,the strcture of the four soebents was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope and infrared spectroscopy,tested for granularity distributing and ZETA potenlial,the thermal stability was mensurated by differental thermal analysis apparatus The results show that:
(1) Four kinds of sorbents have abundant pores.The results from DSC indicate that four absorbents have thermal stability,The order of the thermal stability of the four adsorbents are as follows:modified sludge B＞active carbon＞modified sludge A＞charcoal;the results form FTIR indicate that the functional groups which in the sorbents are simpleness,association-OH,C=O,C=C,C-O-C and C-C.
(2) The adsorption time,the adsorption temprature,the salinity to adsorb have certain influence to the adsorption effects.
(3) The equilibrium time in normal temperature of the four adsorbents are as follows:24h,1h,24h,48h.The order of the capability of the four adsorbents for direct scarlet was as follows:active carbon＞modified sludge B＞modified sludge A＞charcoal,the corresponding elimination rate in room temperature was 82.3%,70.5%, 42.7%,40.4%.
(4) The adsorption process all fit the Langmuir and the Freundich isothermmodel exellently.For active carbon,modified sludge A and modified sludge B,the increase of temperatur does favor the adsorption process,while charcoal is in the other way round. when the temperatur is 25,the maximum adsorption capacities of active carbon,charcoal,modified sludge A and modified sludge B are 357.14mg·g-1,31.847 mg·g-1,97.087 mg·g-1,142.86 mg·g-1,respectively.
(5) For active carbon the existence of salinity has certain stimulation effect to adsorption,and has inhibitory effect for the other three.
(6) According to the influence of the temperature to the adsorption,the change of apparent Gibbs free energy,the enthalpy as well as the entropy of four kinds of adsorbents to direct scarlet are calculated.The results indicated that the adsorption processes of four kinds adsorbents are spontaneous.Active carbon,the adsorption process of modified sludge A and modified sludge B are endothermic and entropy increased process,while charcoal is exothermic and entropy reduced reaction.
(7) The influence of adsorption time to the adsorption shows that the adsorption process of all the adsorbents conform to the second-order model.
(8) The modified sludge as a inexpensive absorbent may disposal the priting waste water effectively.
引文
[1]田利明.2005年我国燃料有机染料工业发展回顾[J].现代工业,2006,5:25(5):7-12
[2]唐受印,戴友芝.废水处理有机颜料工业发展回顾[M].化学工业出版社,2002,10:307-308,320-324
[3]王邵文,罗志腾,钱雷.高浓度有机废水处理技术与工程应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2003,7(3):89-92
[4]丁忠浩,有机废水出来技术与应用[J].化学工业出版社,2002,317-320
[5]刁文中.偶氮分散用活性白土的处理[J].染料工业,1984,(4)30-32,27
[6]朱启忠.壳聚糖对酸性染料的吸附性能[J].资源开发与市场,2006,22(2):101-102
[7]Verkhanovskii V G et al.Deposited Doc.1980,SPSTL 950Khp-d
[8]Verkhanovskii V G et al.Khim.Tekhnol.vody.1982,4(1):29-32
[9]王振余,郭树才.炭膜处理染料水溶液的研究[J].膜科学与技术,1997,17(5):7-11
[10]刘梅红,姜坪.膜法染料废水处理试验研究[J].膜科学与技术,2001,21(3):50-52
[11]Ting Hui Liu,Matsuurat,Sourirajon S.Effect of Membrane Material Sand Average Pore Sizes on Reverse Osmosis Separation of Dyes[J].Ind Eng Chem Prod Ros Dev,1983,22:77-85
[12]Chen Guohua,Chai Xijun,Yue Po-Lock,etal.Treatment of Textile Desizing Wastewater by Pilot Seale Nanofiltration Membrane Separation[J].J Membrand Science,1997,127(1):93-99
[13]Somac C,Rumeau M,Sergent C.Use of Mineral Membranes in the Treatment of Textile Effluents Pore 1st Intl Conf Inorganic Membranes[C].France:Montpellier,1989,525-526
[14]司秀杰.模拟偶氮染料废水甲基橙溶液的处理研究:[重庆大学硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学化学化工学院,2005,1-6
[15]Kimberly A Groff.Textile Waste Environment Research,Vol.64,No.4,1992,425
[16]Bohurnir Met al.Czech.92431
[17]王胜利,吴永强.混凝-吸附工艺处理染料废水的研究[J].河北建筑工程学院,2006,3,24(1):26-28
[18]包勇.高浓度含盐染料废水电混凝处理研究[J].工业水处理,2006,7,26(7):33-35
[19]边凌飞,高宝玉.复合混凝剂应用于活性染料印染废水的脱色研究[J].天津化工,2006,7,20(4):53-55
[20]计建洪.正交法混凝处理阳离子染料废水的研究[J].高师理科学刊,2005,2,25(1):35-38
[21]骆丽君.活性染料废水的混凝脱色方法研究[J].化工时刊,2004,1,18(1):49-50
[22]刘小平,马晓欧,尹庚明等.活性红染料染色漂洗废水的混凝脱色[J].印染,2005,15:36-38
[23]贺启环,方华,张勇.复合混凝剂处理染料废水的研究[J].环境污染与治理技术与设备,2003,10,4(10):48-51
[24]夏平.化学混凝法处理高色度染料废水的研究[J].湖州职业技术学院学报,2003,4:81-84
[25]Kerzhner B K et al.Khim.Tekhnol.Vody.1979,1(2):60-63
[26]胡文容,钱梦路,高延耀.超声强压臭氧氧化偶氮染料的脱色效能[J].中国给排水,1999,15(11):1-4
[27]汪晓军,林德贤,顾晓扬等.臭氧-曝气生物滤池处理酸性玫瑰红染料废水[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2006,7,7(7):43-46
[28]宋爽,金红丽,何志桥.超声强化臭氧氧化飞散蓝染料废水的研究[J].浙江工业大学学报,2006,7,34(3):306-309
[29]施银桃,夏东升,李海燕等.臭氧氧化法处理染料废水研究[J].化工环保,2004(24):20-22
[30]相欣奕,郑怀礼.Fenton反应处理染料废水研究进展[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2004,8,26(4):126-130
[31]李邵锋,张秀忠,张德明等.Fenten反应处理染料废水研究进展[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2004(24):20-22
[32]陈芳艳,唐玉斌.Fenton试剂氧化处理印染废水[J].抚顺石油学院学报,2002,9,22(3):19-21,43
[33]帅佳惠,龚文琪,袁昊等.混凝沉淀及Fenton氧化法处理含直接铜络合偶氮染料废水[J].上好第二工业大学学报,2006,3,23(1):47-52
[34]Shu Hung-Yee et al.Chemsphere.1994,29(12):2597-2607
[35]夏朝辉,张惠俐.紫外光Fenton试剂法处理染料废水研究[J].河南科学,2005,4,23(2):302-305
[36]闻瑞梅、邓守权用紫外光和双氧水降低工业废水色度的研究[J].电子学报,2005,8,33(8):1353-1355
[37]赵录庆,姜聚慧.UV/Fenton试剂法处理含偶氮蓝染料模拟废水的研究[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,5,30(2):57-59
[38]朱洪涛,宋立民.UV/Fenton试剂法处理直接东黄染料废水的实验研究[J].化学工程师,2005,10:37-39
[39]Ollis D F,Contaiminant Degradation in Water.Environ.Sci.Technol,1985,19:480-484
[40]Ollis D F Destruction of Water Contaiminnants.Environ.Sci.Technol,1985,25:1523-1529
[41]李琳,多相光催化氧化在水污染治理中的应用[J].环境科学进展,1994,2(6):23-29
[42]王连生,孔令仁,常城.17种多环芳烃在水溶液中的光解[J].环境化学,1983,10(2):15-20
[43]Muneer M,Philip R,Das S.Photoicatalytic degradation of wastewater pollutants titanium dioxide-mediated oxidation of a textile acid 40#[J].Res Chem Intermed,1997,23(3):233-246
[44]Machael R,Hoffmann Scot T Martin,Wonyong Choi,Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis[J].Chem,Rev,et al,1995,95:69-96
[45]Heinz Gerischer,Adam Heller.The role of oxygen in photooxldation of organic molecules on semiconductor particles[J].JPhys Chem,1991,95:5261-5267.
[46]司民真,杨正安.TiO2光催化降解甲基橙[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001,5,29(Sup):173-174
[47]赵金伟,程薇.Mn2+/H2O2光催化体系对染料甲基橙、茜素红、结晶紫的降解研究[J]. 光谱实验室,2003,3,20(2):307-311
[48]汪萍、董俊明.TiO2/GeO2复合膜光催化氧化降解染料废水[J].给水排水,2006,32(5):55-58
[49]王娟,陆雍森,赵大传.活性染料废水的电解絮凝与处理研究[J].给水排水,2005,31(2):51-54
[51]刘占孟,向速林,胡艳芳.活性炭-纳米二氧化钛电解染料废水基础研究[J].河北科技大学学报,2006,6,27(2):147-151
[52]李国清,陈楷翰,王恭伟.活性碳载SnO2电解催化氧化偶氮染料的研究[J].泉州师范学院学报(自然科学),2004,11,22(6):65-68
[53]师吉辉,曾抗美,郭梅.软锰矿协同电解活性染料模拟废水的机理研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2004,5,36(3):52-55
[54]Shizuo Kawano.Seikj Kisamoir.Isao Mochidi et al.Reducation of Low Concerntation No With NH3 at Ambient Temperatures over Pitch Based Active Carbon Fibers Futher Activated with Sulfuric Acid.The Chemical Society of Japan.1993,6:694-702
[55]王思建,谢新展,王东.微电解、生物除铁技术在染料废水治理中的应用[J].江苏环境科技,2006,4,19(2):19-37
[56]李川,夏洁,王玉峥.微电解处理对染料废水脱色的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,1,28(1):87-88
[57]周元祥,崔康平,李湘凌等.微电解对不同结构染料脱色效果的研究[J].环境化学,2006,5,25(3):367-369
[58]周迟骏,周洁,赵东霞.偶氮染料曝气微电解脱色过程机理及工艺[J].化工进展,2005,24(9):1029-1033
[59]张秀芳,安庆大,薛文平等.高锰酸钾法去除染料的影响因素及其工艺条件[J].大连轻工业学院学报,2004,3,23(1):8-10
[60]蔡东鸣,李圭白.高锰酸钾去除水中染料色度的研究[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2004,8,9(4):130-133
[61]张国宇,王鹏,姜思朋等.微波诱导氧化处理雅格素红BF-38150%染料废水的研究[J].环境科学,2004,25(2):53-55
[62]洪光,王鹏,张国宇等.改性凹土微波诱导氧化处理染料废水的实验研究[J].微波学报,2005,2,21(1):62-65
[63]谢复青,何星存,陈孟林.钢渣/焦炭吸附.微波降解处理孔雀石绿染料废水的研究[J].化工时刊,2006,3,20(3):4-7
[64]王金成,薛大明等.活性艳蓝KN-R染料溶液微波催化脱色研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2001,9,41(5):545-548
[65]杨良玉,曾庆福.微波强化内电解处理活性艳红包染料废水[J].环境污染与治理技术与设备,2005,8,6(8):57-60
[66]UrushigawaY,YonezausY,Chemico-Bilological Interactions in Biological Parification System.Biodegradation of Azo-compounds by Acivated Sludge,Bull.Environ.Ccontam.Toxical,1977,17(2):214-218
[67]Brown D,The Degradation of Dyestuffs:Part Ⅰ,Primary Biodegradation under Anaerobic Conditions.Chemospere.1983,12(3):397-404
[68]ZimmermannT,Kulla H G,Leisinger T,Properties of Parified Orange Ⅱ Azoreductase,the Enzymelnitiating Azo Dye Degradation By Pseudomonas Kp46.Eur.J.Biochem.1982,129:197-203
[69]Kulla H G Franziska K,Ulkich M etal,Interference of Aromatic Sulf Groups in the Microbial Degradation of the Azo Orange Ⅰ and orange Ⅱ Arch.Microbilol.1983,135:1-7
[70]Meyer D,Oermey G,Watteneyl A,V,Textilveredlung,1979,14:15-20
[71]杨惠芳.水污染防治及城市污水资源化技术[M].科学出版社,1993,42-49
[72]Chung King-Thom et al.Degradation of azo dyes by environmental microoganisms and helminths.Eniron.Toxican Chem.1993,13(11):2121-2132
[73]刘金齐,刘厚田.藻类对偶氮染料降解作用的研究[J].水生生物学报,1992,(2):133-143
[74]崔魏,林海,温晓龙.“混凝+生化”处理高浓度染料废水的试验研究[J].工业水处理,2005,3,25(3):56-59
[75]谢翼飞,李旭东.光催化与生化组合工艺联合处理染料废水研究[J].给水排水,2003,29(10):52-59
[76]王晓霞.铁炭-生化法处理高含盐染料废水的研究[J].环境化学,2002,21(6):594-598
[77]徐颖,赵菊香,朱加征.物化.生化法处理染料中间体生产废水[J].环境保护科学,2002,8,28(112):15-17
[78]何永祥.天然沸石对水体中甲基橙和亚甲基蓝的吸附研究.郑州大学,2007:1-10
[79]陆朝阳,沈莉莉,张全兴.吸附法处理印染废水的工艺及机理研究.工业处理,2004,24(3):12-16
[80]林俊雄.硅藻土基吸附剂的制备_表征及其染料吸附特性
[81]于瑞莲,胡恭任.苯酚在滩涂沉积物上的吸附特性[J].生态环境,2004,13(4):535-537
[82]宋世漠,王正烈,李文斌.物理化学(下册)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1993:182-243
[83]印永嘉,奚正楷,李大珍.物理化学简明教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1992:393-410
[84]A.W.亚当森,顾惕人.表面的物理化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:399-439
[85]中国林业科学研究所院林产化学工业研究所第七研究室.国外活性炭[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1984:1-16
[86]M.A.安德森,A.J.鲁宾主编.刘莲生,张正斌,刘国盛谊.水溶液吸附化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1989:35
[87]沈钟,王果庭.胶体与表面化学[J].北京:化学工业出版社,1991:166
[88]申哲明,王文华,贾金平等.一种两步联合控制吸附动力学模型的研究[J].环境科学学报,2001,(21):85-87
[89]孙国红,徐应明,李军幸.重金属镉在固-液界面的吸附动力学模型研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(3):321-324
[90]叶长巢,王中来.固定床吸附的动力学模型及吸附剂形状因子的影响[J].离子交换与吸附,2000,16(5):392-399
[91]杨骏,陈诵英,彭少逸.固定床吸附废水中Cr(Ⅵ)离子的数学模型[J].化学反应工程与工艺,1996,12(2):171-176
[92]Aksu,Z.Equilibrium and kinetic modeling of cadmium(Ⅱ)biosorption by C.vulgarism in a batch system:effect of temperature[J].Sep.Purify Technol.,2001,(21)285
[93]Benguella,B.,Beanies,H.Cadmiurn removal from aqueous solution by chitin:kinetic and equilibrium studies[J].Water res.,2002,(36):2463-2474
[94]Kapoor,A.,Viraraghavan,T.,Cull more,D.R.Removal of heavy metals using the fungus Aspergillums Niger[J].Bioresour.Technol.,1999,(70):95-104
[95]陈春云,庄源益,刘斐.干污泥及其改性物对染料的吸附[J].城市环境与城市生态,2003,16(5):22-24
[96]Osman Gulnaz a,Aysenur Kayaa,Fatih Matyar,Burhan Arikan.Sorption of basic dyes from aqueous solution by activated sludge[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2004,(B108):183-188
[97]Zu mriye Aksu,Sevilay Tezer.Equilibrium and kinetic modelling of biosorption of Remazol Black B by Rhizopus arrhizus in a batch system:effect of temperature[J].Process Biochemistry,2000,(36):431-439
[98]Znmriye Aksu.Biosorption of reactive dyes by dried activated sludge:equilibrium and kinetic modeling[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2001,(7)79-84
[99]Claudio C.V.Cruz,Antonio Carlos A.da Costa,Cristiane Assumpcao Henriques[J].Kinetic modeling and equilibrium during cadmium biosorption by dead Sargassum sp.Biomass.Bioresource Technolody,2004,(91):249-257
[100]W.T.Tsai,C.W.Lai,K.J.Hsien.Adsorption kinetics of herbicide paraquat from aqueous solution onto activated bleaching earth[J].Chemosphere,2004,(55):829-837
[101]A.Safa Ozcan,Adnan Ozcan.Adsorption of acid dyes from aqueous solution onto acid-activated bentonite[M].UK:Journal of Collid and Interface Science,2004:1-8
[102]Keller G E,Anderson R A,Yon C M,Handbook of Seperation Process Technology.Adsorption[J].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1987:44
[103]侯杰,刘国光,刘兴旺.环境化学[M].开封;河南大学出版社,1992:77-78
[104]H.C.Chu,K.M.Chen.Reuse of activated sludge biomass:Ⅱ.The rate process for the adsorption of basic dyes on biomass[J].Process Biochemistry,2002(37):1129-1134
[105]S Netpradit,P Thiravetyan,STowprayoon.Application of "waste"metal hydroxide sludge for adsorption ofazo reative dyes[J].WaterResearch,2003,(37):763-772
[106]M Otero,F Rozada,L F Calvoetal.Biochem[M].Eng.J.,2003,(15):59-68
[107]董元彦,李宝华,路福绥等.物理化学[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:212-213
[108]Brunk B K,Jirka G.H,Lion L W.Effects of salinity changes and the formation of dissolved organic matter coatings on the sorption of phenanthrene:implications for pollutant trapping in estuaries[J].Environ.Sci.Technol.,1997.31(1):119-125.
[109]朱达等.盐酸对有机物在海底沉积物上的吸附特征环境科学.1998,11:70-72.
[110]Gustafsson O,Bucheli T D,Kukulska Z,etal.Evaluation of a protocol for the quantification of black carbon in sediments[J].Global Biogeochem Cy,2001,15(5):881-890
[111]林俊雄.硅藻土基吸附剂的制备_表征及其染料吸附特性研究.浙江大学,2007:3-10
[112]Han Runping,Wang Yuanfeng,Han Pan,Shi Jie,yang Jian,Lu Yong sen.Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by chaff in batch mode[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006,B 137(1):550-557
[ll3]Han Runping,Zou Weihua,Yu Weihong,Cheng Shujian,Shi Jie.Bisorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by fallen phoenix tree's leaves[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,B141(1):156-162
[114]Langmuir,I.The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids.Journal of the American Chemical Society,1916,38(11):2221-2295
[115]Langmuir,I.The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass,mica and platinum.Journal of the American Chemical Society,1918,40(9):1361-1403
[116]Freundlich,H M Euber die adsorption in losungen(adsorption in solution).Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie(Leipzig),1906,57A:384-470
[117]Karatepe N,Erdogan N,Mericboyu A E,etal.Preparation of diatomite/Ca(OH)2 sorbents and modeling their sulphation reaction,Chemical Engineering Science.2004(59):3883-3889
[118]赵振国.吸附作用应用原理.化学工业出版社,北京,2005:71-76
[119]Feng-Chin Wu,Ru-ling Tseng,et al.Kinetic Modeling of Liquid-Phase Adsorption of Reactive Dyesand Metallonson Chitosan[J].Wat.Res,2001,35(3):613-618
[120]卢涌泉,邓振桦.实用光谱分析[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1989.
[2]唐受印,戴友芝.废水处理有机颜料工业发展回顾[M].化学工业出版社,2002,10:307-308,320-324
[3]王邵文,罗志腾,钱雷.高浓度有机废水处理技术与工程应用[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2003,7(3):89-92
[4]丁忠浩,有机废水出来技术与应用[J].化学工业出版社,2002,317-320
[5]刁文中.偶氮分散用活性白土的处理[J].染料工业,1984,(4)30-32,27
[6]朱启忠.壳聚糖对酸性染料的吸附性能[J].资源开发与市场,2006,22(2):101-102
[7]Verkhanovskii V G et al.Deposited Doc.1980,SPSTL 950Khp-d
[8]Verkhanovskii V G et al.Khim.Tekhnol.vody.1982,4(1):29-32
[9]王振余,郭树才.炭膜处理染料水溶液的研究[J].膜科学与技术,1997,17(5):7-11
[10]刘梅红,姜坪.膜法染料废水处理试验研究[J].膜科学与技术,2001,21(3):50-52
[11]Ting Hui Liu,Matsuurat,Sourirajon S.Effect of Membrane Material Sand Average Pore Sizes on Reverse Osmosis Separation of Dyes[J].Ind Eng Chem Prod Ros Dev,1983,22:77-85
[12]Chen Guohua,Chai Xijun,Yue Po-Lock,etal.Treatment of Textile Desizing Wastewater by Pilot Seale Nanofiltration Membrane Separation[J].J Membrand Science,1997,127(1):93-99
[13]Somac C,Rumeau M,Sergent C.Use of Mineral Membranes in the Treatment of Textile Effluents Pore 1st Intl Conf Inorganic Membranes[C].France:Montpellier,1989,525-526
[14]司秀杰.模拟偶氮染料废水甲基橙溶液的处理研究:[重庆大学硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学化学化工学院,2005,1-6
[15]Kimberly A Groff.Textile Waste Environment Research,Vol.64,No.4,1992,425
[16]Bohurnir Met al.Czech.92431
[17]王胜利,吴永强.混凝-吸附工艺处理染料废水的研究[J].河北建筑工程学院,2006,3,24(1):26-28
[18]包勇.高浓度含盐染料废水电混凝处理研究[J].工业水处理,2006,7,26(7):33-35
[19]边凌飞,高宝玉.复合混凝剂应用于活性染料印染废水的脱色研究[J].天津化工,2006,7,20(4):53-55
[20]计建洪.正交法混凝处理阳离子染料废水的研究[J].高师理科学刊,2005,2,25(1):35-38
[21]骆丽君.活性染料废水的混凝脱色方法研究[J].化工时刊,2004,1,18(1):49-50
[22]刘小平,马晓欧,尹庚明等.活性红染料染色漂洗废水的混凝脱色[J].印染,2005,15:36-38
[23]贺启环,方华,张勇.复合混凝剂处理染料废水的研究[J].环境污染与治理技术与设备,2003,10,4(10):48-51
[24]夏平.化学混凝法处理高色度染料废水的研究[J].湖州职业技术学院学报,2003,4:81-84
[25]Kerzhner B K et al.Khim.Tekhnol.Vody.1979,1(2):60-63
[26]胡文容,钱梦路,高延耀.超声强压臭氧氧化偶氮染料的脱色效能[J].中国给排水,1999,15(11):1-4
[27]汪晓军,林德贤,顾晓扬等.臭氧-曝气生物滤池处理酸性玫瑰红染料废水[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2006,7,7(7):43-46
[28]宋爽,金红丽,何志桥.超声强化臭氧氧化飞散蓝染料废水的研究[J].浙江工业大学学报,2006,7,34(3):306-309
[29]施银桃,夏东升,李海燕等.臭氧氧化法处理染料废水研究[J].化工环保,2004(24):20-22
[30]相欣奕,郑怀礼.Fenton反应处理染料废水研究进展[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2004,8,26(4):126-130
[31]李邵锋,张秀忠,张德明等.Fenten反应处理染料废水研究进展[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2004(24):20-22
[32]陈芳艳,唐玉斌.Fenton试剂氧化处理印染废水[J].抚顺石油学院学报,2002,9,22(3):19-21,43
[33]帅佳惠,龚文琪,袁昊等.混凝沉淀及Fenton氧化法处理含直接铜络合偶氮染料废水[J].上好第二工业大学学报,2006,3,23(1):47-52
[34]Shu Hung-Yee et al.Chemsphere.1994,29(12):2597-2607
[35]夏朝辉,张惠俐.紫外光Fenton试剂法处理染料废水研究[J].河南科学,2005,4,23(2):302-305
[36]闻瑞梅、邓守权用紫外光和双氧水降低工业废水色度的研究[J].电子学报,2005,8,33(8):1353-1355
[37]赵录庆,姜聚慧.UV/Fenton试剂法处理含偶氮蓝染料模拟废水的研究[J].河南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,5,30(2):57-59
[38]朱洪涛,宋立民.UV/Fenton试剂法处理直接东黄染料废水的实验研究[J].化学工程师,2005,10:37-39
[39]Ollis D F,Contaiminant Degradation in Water.Environ.Sci.Technol,1985,19:480-484
[40]Ollis D F Destruction of Water Contaiminnants.Environ.Sci.Technol,1985,25:1523-1529
[41]李琳,多相光催化氧化在水污染治理中的应用[J].环境科学进展,1994,2(6):23-29
[42]王连生,孔令仁,常城.17种多环芳烃在水溶液中的光解[J].环境化学,1983,10(2):15-20
[43]Muneer M,Philip R,Das S.Photoicatalytic degradation of wastewater pollutants titanium dioxide-mediated oxidation of a textile acid 40#[J].Res Chem Intermed,1997,23(3):233-246
[44]Machael R,Hoffmann Scot T Martin,Wonyong Choi,Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis[J].Chem,Rev,et al,1995,95:69-96
[45]Heinz Gerischer,Adam Heller.The role of oxygen in photooxldation of organic molecules on semiconductor particles[J].JPhys Chem,1991,95:5261-5267.
[46]司民真,杨正安.TiO2光催化降解甲基橙[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001,5,29(Sup):173-174
[47]赵金伟,程薇.Mn2+/H2O2光催化体系对染料甲基橙、茜素红、结晶紫的降解研究[J]. 光谱实验室,2003,3,20(2):307-311
[48]汪萍、董俊明.TiO2/GeO2复合膜光催化氧化降解染料废水[J].给水排水,2006,32(5):55-58
[49]王娟,陆雍森,赵大传.活性染料废水的电解絮凝与处理研究[J].给水排水,2005,31(2):51-54
[51]刘占孟,向速林,胡艳芳.活性炭-纳米二氧化钛电解染料废水基础研究[J].河北科技大学学报,2006,6,27(2):147-151
[52]李国清,陈楷翰,王恭伟.活性碳载SnO2电解催化氧化偶氮染料的研究[J].泉州师范学院学报(自然科学),2004,11,22(6):65-68
[53]师吉辉,曾抗美,郭梅.软锰矿协同电解活性染料模拟废水的机理研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2004,5,36(3):52-55
[54]Shizuo Kawano.Seikj Kisamoir.Isao Mochidi et al.Reducation of Low Concerntation No With NH3 at Ambient Temperatures over Pitch Based Active Carbon Fibers Futher Activated with Sulfuric Acid.The Chemical Society of Japan.1993,6:694-702
[55]王思建,谢新展,王东.微电解、生物除铁技术在染料废水治理中的应用[J].江苏环境科技,2006,4,19(2):19-37
[56]李川,夏洁,王玉峥.微电解处理对染料废水脱色的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,1,28(1):87-88
[57]周元祥,崔康平,李湘凌等.微电解对不同结构染料脱色效果的研究[J].环境化学,2006,5,25(3):367-369
[58]周迟骏,周洁,赵东霞.偶氮染料曝气微电解脱色过程机理及工艺[J].化工进展,2005,24(9):1029-1033
[59]张秀芳,安庆大,薛文平等.高锰酸钾法去除染料的影响因素及其工艺条件[J].大连轻工业学院学报,2004,3,23(1):8-10
[60]蔡东鸣,李圭白.高锰酸钾去除水中染料色度的研究[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2004,8,9(4):130-133
[61]张国宇,王鹏,姜思朋等.微波诱导氧化处理雅格素红BF-38150%染料废水的研究[J].环境科学,2004,25(2):53-55
[62]洪光,王鹏,张国宇等.改性凹土微波诱导氧化处理染料废水的实验研究[J].微波学报,2005,2,21(1):62-65
[63]谢复青,何星存,陈孟林.钢渣/焦炭吸附.微波降解处理孔雀石绿染料废水的研究[J].化工时刊,2006,3,20(3):4-7
[64]王金成,薛大明等.活性艳蓝KN-R染料溶液微波催化脱色研究[J].大连理工大学学报,2001,9,41(5):545-548
[65]杨良玉,曾庆福.微波强化内电解处理活性艳红包染料废水[J].环境污染与治理技术与设备,2005,8,6(8):57-60
[66]UrushigawaY,YonezausY,Chemico-Bilological Interactions in Biological Parification System.Biodegradation of Azo-compounds by Acivated Sludge,Bull.Environ.Ccontam.Toxical,1977,17(2):214-218
[67]Brown D,The Degradation of Dyestuffs:Part Ⅰ,Primary Biodegradation under Anaerobic Conditions.Chemospere.1983,12(3):397-404
[68]ZimmermannT,Kulla H G,Leisinger T,Properties of Parified Orange Ⅱ Azoreductase,the Enzymelnitiating Azo Dye Degradation By Pseudomonas Kp46.Eur.J.Biochem.1982,129:197-203
[69]Kulla H G Franziska K,Ulkich M etal,Interference of Aromatic Sulf Groups in the Microbial Degradation of the Azo Orange Ⅰ and orange Ⅱ Arch.Microbilol.1983,135:1-7
[70]Meyer D,Oermey G,Watteneyl A,V,Textilveredlung,1979,14:15-20
[71]杨惠芳.水污染防治及城市污水资源化技术[M].科学出版社,1993,42-49
[72]Chung King-Thom et al.Degradation of azo dyes by environmental microoganisms and helminths.Eniron.Toxican Chem.1993,13(11):2121-2132
[73]刘金齐,刘厚田.藻类对偶氮染料降解作用的研究[J].水生生物学报,1992,(2):133-143
[74]崔魏,林海,温晓龙.“混凝+生化”处理高浓度染料废水的试验研究[J].工业水处理,2005,3,25(3):56-59
[75]谢翼飞,李旭东.光催化与生化组合工艺联合处理染料废水研究[J].给水排水,2003,29(10):52-59
[76]王晓霞.铁炭-生化法处理高含盐染料废水的研究[J].环境化学,2002,21(6):594-598
[77]徐颖,赵菊香,朱加征.物化.生化法处理染料中间体生产废水[J].环境保护科学,2002,8,28(112):15-17
[78]何永祥.天然沸石对水体中甲基橙和亚甲基蓝的吸附研究.郑州大学,2007:1-10
[79]陆朝阳,沈莉莉,张全兴.吸附法处理印染废水的工艺及机理研究.工业处理,2004,24(3):12-16
[80]林俊雄.硅藻土基吸附剂的制备_表征及其染料吸附特性
[81]于瑞莲,胡恭任.苯酚在滩涂沉积物上的吸附特性[J].生态环境,2004,13(4):535-537
[82]宋世漠,王正烈,李文斌.物理化学(下册)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1993:182-243
[83]印永嘉,奚正楷,李大珍.物理化学简明教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1992:393-410
[84]A.W.亚当森,顾惕人.表面的物理化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:399-439
[85]中国林业科学研究所院林产化学工业研究所第七研究室.国外活性炭[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1984:1-16
[86]M.A.安德森,A.J.鲁宾主编.刘莲生,张正斌,刘国盛谊.水溶液吸附化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1989:35
[87]沈钟,王果庭.胶体与表面化学[J].北京:化学工业出版社,1991:166
[88]申哲明,王文华,贾金平等.一种两步联合控制吸附动力学模型的研究[J].环境科学学报,2001,(21):85-87
[89]孙国红,徐应明,李军幸.重金属镉在固-液界面的吸附动力学模型研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(3):321-324
[90]叶长巢,王中来.固定床吸附的动力学模型及吸附剂形状因子的影响[J].离子交换与吸附,2000,16(5):392-399
[91]杨骏,陈诵英,彭少逸.固定床吸附废水中Cr(Ⅵ)离子的数学模型[J].化学反应工程与工艺,1996,12(2):171-176
[92]Aksu,Z.Equilibrium and kinetic modeling of cadmium(Ⅱ)biosorption by C.vulgarism in a batch system:effect of temperature[J].Sep.Purify Technol.,2001,(21)285
[93]Benguella,B.,Beanies,H.Cadmiurn removal from aqueous solution by chitin:kinetic and equilibrium studies[J].Water res.,2002,(36):2463-2474
[94]Kapoor,A.,Viraraghavan,T.,Cull more,D.R.Removal of heavy metals using the fungus Aspergillums Niger[J].Bioresour.Technol.,1999,(70):95-104
[95]陈春云,庄源益,刘斐.干污泥及其改性物对染料的吸附[J].城市环境与城市生态,2003,16(5):22-24
[96]Osman Gulnaz a,Aysenur Kayaa,Fatih Matyar,Burhan Arikan.Sorption of basic dyes from aqueous solution by activated sludge[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2004,(B108):183-188
[97]Zu mriye Aksu,Sevilay Tezer.Equilibrium and kinetic modelling of biosorption of Remazol Black B by Rhizopus arrhizus in a batch system:effect of temperature[J].Process Biochemistry,2000,(36):431-439
[98]Znmriye Aksu.Biosorption of reactive dyes by dried activated sludge:equilibrium and kinetic modeling[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2001,(7)79-84
[99]Claudio C.V.Cruz,Antonio Carlos A.da Costa,Cristiane Assumpcao Henriques[J].Kinetic modeling and equilibrium during cadmium biosorption by dead Sargassum sp.Biomass.Bioresource Technolody,2004,(91):249-257
[100]W.T.Tsai,C.W.Lai,K.J.Hsien.Adsorption kinetics of herbicide paraquat from aqueous solution onto activated bleaching earth[J].Chemosphere,2004,(55):829-837
[101]A.Safa Ozcan,Adnan Ozcan.Adsorption of acid dyes from aqueous solution onto acid-activated bentonite[M].UK:Journal of Collid and Interface Science,2004:1-8
[102]Keller G E,Anderson R A,Yon C M,Handbook of Seperation Process Technology.Adsorption[J].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1987:44
[103]侯杰,刘国光,刘兴旺.环境化学[M].开封;河南大学出版社,1992:77-78
[104]H.C.Chu,K.M.Chen.Reuse of activated sludge biomass:Ⅱ.The rate process for the adsorption of basic dyes on biomass[J].Process Biochemistry,2002(37):1129-1134
[105]S Netpradit,P Thiravetyan,STowprayoon.Application of "waste"metal hydroxide sludge for adsorption ofazo reative dyes[J].WaterResearch,2003,(37):763-772
[106]M Otero,F Rozada,L F Calvoetal.Biochem[M].Eng.J.,2003,(15):59-68
[107]董元彦,李宝华,路福绥等.物理化学[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:212-213
[108]Brunk B K,Jirka G.H,Lion L W.Effects of salinity changes and the formation of dissolved organic matter coatings on the sorption of phenanthrene:implications for pollutant trapping in estuaries[J].Environ.Sci.Technol.,1997.31(1):119-125.
[109]朱达等.盐酸对有机物在海底沉积物上的吸附特征环境科学.1998,11:70-72.
[110]Gustafsson O,Bucheli T D,Kukulska Z,etal.Evaluation of a protocol for the quantification of black carbon in sediments[J].Global Biogeochem Cy,2001,15(5):881-890
[111]林俊雄.硅藻土基吸附剂的制备_表征及其染料吸附特性研究.浙江大学,2007:3-10
[112]Han Runping,Wang Yuanfeng,Han Pan,Shi Jie,yang Jian,Lu Yong sen.Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by chaff in batch mode[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006,B 137(1):550-557
[ll3]Han Runping,Zou Weihua,Yu Weihong,Cheng Shujian,Shi Jie.Bisorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution by fallen phoenix tree's leaves[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,B141(1):156-162
[114]Langmuir,I.The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids.Journal of the American Chemical Society,1916,38(11):2221-2295
[115]Langmuir,I.The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass,mica and platinum.Journal of the American Chemical Society,1918,40(9):1361-1403
[116]Freundlich,H M Euber die adsorption in losungen(adsorption in solution).Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie(Leipzig),1906,57A:384-470
[117]Karatepe N,Erdogan N,Mericboyu A E,etal.Preparation of diatomite/Ca(OH)2 sorbents and modeling their sulphation reaction,Chemical Engineering Science.2004(59):3883-3889
[118]赵振国.吸附作用应用原理.化学工业出版社,北京,2005:71-76
[119]Feng-Chin Wu,Ru-ling Tseng,et al.Kinetic Modeling of Liquid-Phase Adsorption of Reactive Dyesand Metallonson Chitosan[J].Wat.Res,2001,35(3):613-618
[120]卢涌泉,邓振桦.实用光谱分析[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1989.