X70级管线钢热变形行为及控轧控冷工艺研究
|
摘要
当前,随着国民经济的高速发展,对石油、天然气的需求急剧增加,对管线钢的需求也相应地急剧增加。在激烈的市场竞争下,世界上各油气公司普遍接受采用更高强度级别管线钢,以便可以采用高压输送油气而降低成本。因此,近年来高压输送和厚壁、高强度的管线已经成为管线建设的一个新的发展趋势。在管线建设的这种新的发展趋势中,针状铁素体管线钢由于具有优良的强韧性能、焊接性能、抗硫化氢开裂性能而具有广阔的应用前景。
控制轧制与控制冷却技术在现代钢铁产品生产过程中发挥着重大作用。本文将控制轧制与控制冷却技术应用于微合金管线钢的生产过程中,探讨微合金管线钢热变形过程中组织细化与性能变化的规律,为实际工业生产提供理论基础和工艺依据。主要研究以下内容：
1.利用单道次压缩实验,研究X70管线钢热变形过程中的动态回复及动态再结晶等软化行为,得出不同变形温度、变形速率以及变形量下实验钢的真应力-真应变曲线；同时获得不同热模拟变形条件对材料显微组织结构的影响规律。
2.利用多道次热模拟方法,以X70管线钢为研究对象,在热模拟机上分别进行不同变形量、变形速率、终轧温度、终冷温度和冷却速度对X70管线钢的奥氏体-铁素体相变行为以及显微组织影响的实验研究。
3.基于多道次热模拟实验研究结果,利用某钢厂2150生产线进行实际控制轧制和控制冷却,在热轧中对X70管线钢采用多道次控轧和适当冷却速度控冷的TMCP工艺。探讨控轧控冷条件对X70管线钢显微组织、力学性能的影响规律,从而在不改变现有管线钢化学成分的情况下,仅仅通过优化的TMCP工艺,实现管线钢的柔性化轧制。
The demands for pipeline steels are being increased dramatically with the national economy development. Driven by cost considerations, gas and oil transportation companies have readily adopted higher strength pipeline steels with thicker gauges to permit gas and oil transportation at higher pressures. As a result, recent construction of pipelines has shown a trend towards higher operation pressure with greater wall thickness and higher strength pipe. At the same time, acicular ferrite pipeline steels are becoming accepted as the prevalence for this new construction because of their high strength, excellent tough-ness, good weldability and satisfied hydrogen sulfide resistance.
The controlled rolling and controlled cooling technology is very important in modern steel products. This paper, apply controlled rolling and controlled cooling technology on the production of micro-alloyed pipeline steel. The experimental aims were to clarify the characteristics of the change of microstructures and mechanical properties at various deformation conditions and to offer theoretical foundation and technological basis for industrial manufacture. The main contents are given as follows:
1. The dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization of X70 during hot deformation were investigated by single pass compression test. The flow stress curves and microstructures of test steel at different temperature, strain rate and strain amount were obtained.
2. By multi-pass thermal simulation test, the effects of the strain amount, strain rate, finishing temperature, final cooling temperature and the cooling rate on austenite-ferrite transformation behavior and the microstructure were studied on the thermo-mechanical simulator for pipeline steel X70.
3. Based on the investigation results of multi-pass hot simulation deformation test, the practical controlled-rolling and controlled-cooling tests were performed by using the rolling mill in ANSteel ASP 2150, the improved TMCP schedules containing a multi-pass controlled rolling coupled with moderate cooling rates were applied to hot rolling experiments. And the effects of technological parameters of controlled rolling and controlled cooling on the microstructures and mechanical properties of pipeline steel were investigated to obtain flexible rolling of pipeline only by optimized TMCP, without changing the chemical compositions of existing pipeline steels.
控制轧制与控制冷却技术在现代钢铁产品生产过程中发挥着重大作用。本文将控制轧制与控制冷却技术应用于微合金管线钢的生产过程中,探讨微合金管线钢热变形过程中组织细化与性能变化的规律,为实际工业生产提供理论基础和工艺依据。主要研究以下内容：
1.利用单道次压缩实验,研究X70管线钢热变形过程中的动态回复及动态再结晶等软化行为,得出不同变形温度、变形速率以及变形量下实验钢的真应力-真应变曲线；同时获得不同热模拟变形条件对材料显微组织结构的影响规律。
2.利用多道次热模拟方法,以X70管线钢为研究对象,在热模拟机上分别进行不同变形量、变形速率、终轧温度、终冷温度和冷却速度对X70管线钢的奥氏体-铁素体相变行为以及显微组织影响的实验研究。
3.基于多道次热模拟实验研究结果,利用某钢厂2150生产线进行实际控制轧制和控制冷却,在热轧中对X70管线钢采用多道次控轧和适当冷却速度控冷的TMCP工艺。探讨控轧控冷条件对X70管线钢显微组织、力学性能的影响规律,从而在不改变现有管线钢化学成分的情况下,仅仅通过优化的TMCP工艺,实现管线钢的柔性化轧制。
The demands for pipeline steels are being increased dramatically with the national economy development. Driven by cost considerations, gas and oil transportation companies have readily adopted higher strength pipeline steels with thicker gauges to permit gas and oil transportation at higher pressures. As a result, recent construction of pipelines has shown a trend towards higher operation pressure with greater wall thickness and higher strength pipe. At the same time, acicular ferrite pipeline steels are becoming accepted as the prevalence for this new construction because of their high strength, excellent tough-ness, good weldability and satisfied hydrogen sulfide resistance.
The controlled rolling and controlled cooling technology is very important in modern steel products. This paper, apply controlled rolling and controlled cooling technology on the production of micro-alloyed pipeline steel. The experimental aims were to clarify the characteristics of the change of microstructures and mechanical properties at various deformation conditions and to offer theoretical foundation and technological basis for industrial manufacture. The main contents are given as follows:
1. The dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization of X70 during hot deformation were investigated by single pass compression test. The flow stress curves and microstructures of test steel at different temperature, strain rate and strain amount were obtained.
2. By multi-pass thermal simulation test, the effects of the strain amount, strain rate, finishing temperature, final cooling temperature and the cooling rate on austenite-ferrite transformation behavior and the microstructure were studied on the thermo-mechanical simulator for pipeline steel X70.
3. Based on the investigation results of multi-pass hot simulation deformation test, the practical controlled-rolling and controlled-cooling tests were performed by using the rolling mill in ANSteel ASP 2150, the improved TMCP schedules containing a multi-pass controlled rolling coupled with moderate cooling rates were applied to hot rolling experiments. And the effects of technological parameters of controlled rolling and controlled cooling on the microstructures and mechanical properties of pipeline steel were investigated to obtain flexible rolling of pipeline only by optimized TMCP, without changing the chemical compositions of existing pipeline steels.
引文
1.崔崑.国内外模具用钢发展概况[J],金属热处理,2007,32(1)：1-2
2.杨俊秋.塑料模具新型材料的种类与发展动向[J],模具技术,2007,3：59-62.
3.陈再枝,马党参.我国模具钢的发展战略分析[J],钢铁,2006,41(4)：5-6
4.廖正品.面向全球的中国塑料工业[J],国外塑料,2004,2(9)：31-34
5.白木,子荫.促进塑料模具市场的大发展[J],中国模具信息,2004,49(10)：22-25.
6.周永泰.近几年来我国塑料模具钢的发展概况[J],中国模具信息,2004,48(9)：3-5.
7.马党参.国内模具钢的市场前景及生产现状[J].宽厚板,2004,10(1)：1-6.
8.中国模具工业协会.模具行业“十一五”规划[J],中国模具信息,2005,58(7)：5-12
9.肖文军,徐春晖,周天瑞.我国塑料模具钢的发展前景及应用现况[J],南方金属,2006,(2)：1-4
10.崔忠圻.金属学与热处理[M],北京：机械工业出版社,2004,280-328
11.贺信莱.尚成嘉.等.高性能低碳贝氏体钢—成分、工艺、组织、性能与应用[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,2008,50-52
12. Sharma R C, Purdy C R. Metall. Trans.1973,4:2-3
13.唐荻.新形势下对轧钢技术发展方向和钢材深加工的探讨[J],中国冶金,2004,(8)：14-21.
14.田村今男著,王国栋,刘振宇,熊尚武译.高强度低合金钢的控制轧制与控制冷却[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,1992,264.
15.王占学.控制轧制与控制冷却[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,1991,14-38.
16.吴晓春,周宏,娄德春,崔崑.易切削非调质塑料模具钢的研究[J],钢铁研究学报,8(1)：20
17.罗毅,吴晓春.预硬型塑料模具钢的进展研究[J],金属热处理,2007,32(12)：22-23
18.蔡美良,丁惠麟,孟糊龙.新编工模具钢金相热处理[M],北京：机械工业出版社,1998.
19.娄德春,吴晓春,崔崑.P20塑料模具钢的热处理及性能[J],金属热处理,1996,21(6)：27-30
20.赵建生,乔学亮,孙培祯.等.P20大截面塑料模具钢淬透性研究[J],金属热处理,1994,19(7)：3-7.
21 赵建生,乔学亮,孙培祯.等.塑料模具钢P20合金化特点及热处理工艺的研究[J],热加 工工艺,1995,(1)：48-50.
22.项程云.合金结构钢[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,1998,201-206
23.陈再枝.,马党参.塑料模具钢应用手册[M],北京：化学工业出版社,2005,65-68
24.林慧国,傅代直.钢的奥氏体转变曲线—原理、测试与应用—[M],北京：机械工业出版社,1988,92-93
25.李曼云.孙本荣.钢的控制轧制和控制冷却技术手册[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,1990,22-27
26.陆兴.热处理工程基础[M],北京：机械工业出版社,2007,160-161
27.刘宗昌.材料组织结构转变原理[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,2006,244-248
28.宋义全.于健.刘宗昌.等.P20塑料模具钢的回火组织与硬度[J],包头钢铁学院学报,2003,23(1)：42-45.
29. Medina S F, Vega M I, Chapa M. Critical cooling temperature and phase transformation kinetics in structure steels determined by mean flow stress and dilatometry [J], Materials Science and Technology,2000,16(2):163-170.
30. De Cosmo M, Galantucci L M, Tricarico L. Design of process parameters for dual phase steel production with strip rolling using the finite-element method [J], Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1999,92-93:486-493.
31.周悠,宛农.塑料模具钢3Cr17NiMo热处理组织的分析[J],模具技术,2007,3：55-58
32.江来珠,王习顺,王建会.非调质贝氏体型大截面塑料模具钢的研究和开发——合金成分与组织和机械性能的关系[J],宝钢技术,1999,6：22-28.
33.江来珠,阎启.非调质预硬态塑料模具钢B30的焊补性能[J],宝钢技术,2001,6：19-22
34.陈卓,吴晓春,汪宏斌.等.硼对P20钢淬火性能的影响[J],钢铁,2007,42(7)：76-78
35.朱宗元,崔崑.我国模具钢及热处理工艺和标准的发展现状[J],理化检验—物理分册,2007,43(2)：84-88.
36.朱宗元,崔崑.我国模具钢及热处理工艺和标准的发展现状(续)[J],理化检验—物理分册,2007,43(4)：194-197.
37.韩海军.塑料模具用钢材料的种类及展望[J],机械,2005,32(1)：4-6.
38.姚风臣,张海,刘德富.塑料模具钢预硬化工艺参数的研究[J],河北冶金,2005,6：28-30
39.宋鸣,倪亚辉.塑料模具钢的性能和选用[J],塑料工业,2004,32(10)：37-40
40.刘劲松.预硬化型塑料模具钢SM3Cr2Mo的开发与应用[J],模具制造,2005,2：72-73
41.宛农,熊惟皓,索进平.新型塑料模具钢热处理工艺特点及参数选择[J],模具工业, 2004,10：50-52.
42.杨贵根,朱祖昌.世界模具钢生产的现状和进展[J],热处理技术与装备,2006,27(6)：5-13
43.刘宗昌,于健,郝少祥.P20塑料模具钢的组织对抛光性能的影响[J],特殊钢,2004,25(5)：19-21.
44.刘宗昌,于健,宋义全.等.P20塑料模具钢的相变动力学曲线[J],2003,24(4)：16-17.
45.刘宗昌,宋义全,马党参.等.P20钢的预硬化组织及工艺[J],2002,21(4)：332-335.
46.潘丽珍,冯志云.塑料模具钢P20的开发与研制[J],山西冶金,1998,1：38-40
47.徐明华.模具钢的市场和发展[J],上海金属,2003,25(6)：25-29.
48.冯颖璋,潘振鹏.大型塑料模具钢材的热处理[J],国外金属热处理,2000,21(3)：18-21.
49.李文忠.大型塑料模具钢P20宽厚板的研制[J],宽厚板,1995,1(2)：26-30.
50.宋冬利,顾剑锋,胡明娟.预硬型塑料模具钢P20和718等温转变曲线的测定与分析[J],金属热处理,2003,28(12)：27-29.
51.续维,黄俊春,王庆亮.预硬化塑料模具钢性能研究[J],上海钢研,2004,2：7-12.
52.陈千.预硬化P20塑料模具试制[J],特钢技术,2001,1：72-74.
53.张洪奎,续维,陈汉辉.新型预硬塑料模具钢调质工艺研究[J],宝钢技术,2002,1：27-33.
54.薄鑫涛.塑料模具用钢的种类和选择[J],热处理,2002,17(4)：48-55.
55. C.T.Kwok, K.I.Leong, F.T.Cheng, H.C.Man. Microstructural and corrosion characteristics of laser surface-melted plastics mold steels[J], Materials Science and Engineering A,2003,357: 94-103
56. J.Rech, C.LeCalvez, M.Dessoly. A new approach for the characterization of machinability— application to steels for plastic injection molds[J], Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2004,152:66-70.
57.吴健鹏,王志明,姚海涛.控制轧制技术的新进展——低碳贝氏体钢[J],宽厚板,2000,6(6)：5-11.
58.李成军.精轧变形制度对低碳贝氏体钢组织与性能的影响[J],山东冶金,2007,29(1)：39-40.
59.杨素军.高强度低碳贝氏体钢的试制[J],湖南冶金,2005,33(5)：10-13.
60.尚成嘉,杨善武,王学敏.等.低碳贝氏体钢的组织类型及其对性能的影响[J],钢铁,2005,40(4)：57-61.
2.杨俊秋.塑料模具新型材料的种类与发展动向[J],模具技术,2007,3：59-62.
3.陈再枝,马党参.我国模具钢的发展战略分析[J],钢铁,2006,41(4)：5-6
4.廖正品.面向全球的中国塑料工业[J],国外塑料,2004,2(9)：31-34
5.白木,子荫.促进塑料模具市场的大发展[J],中国模具信息,2004,49(10)：22-25.
6.周永泰.近几年来我国塑料模具钢的发展概况[J],中国模具信息,2004,48(9)：3-5.
7.马党参.国内模具钢的市场前景及生产现状[J].宽厚板,2004,10(1)：1-6.
8.中国模具工业协会.模具行业“十一五”规划[J],中国模具信息,2005,58(7)：5-12
9.肖文军,徐春晖,周天瑞.我国塑料模具钢的发展前景及应用现况[J],南方金属,2006,(2)：1-4
10.崔忠圻.金属学与热处理[M],北京：机械工业出版社,2004,280-328
11.贺信莱.尚成嘉.等.高性能低碳贝氏体钢—成分、工艺、组织、性能与应用[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,2008,50-52
12. Sharma R C, Purdy C R. Metall. Trans.1973,4:2-3
13.唐荻.新形势下对轧钢技术发展方向和钢材深加工的探讨[J],中国冶金,2004,(8)：14-21.
14.田村今男著,王国栋,刘振宇,熊尚武译.高强度低合金钢的控制轧制与控制冷却[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,1992,264.
15.王占学.控制轧制与控制冷却[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,1991,14-38.
16.吴晓春,周宏,娄德春,崔崑.易切削非调质塑料模具钢的研究[J],钢铁研究学报,8(1)：20
17.罗毅,吴晓春.预硬型塑料模具钢的进展研究[J],金属热处理,2007,32(12)：22-23
18.蔡美良,丁惠麟,孟糊龙.新编工模具钢金相热处理[M],北京：机械工业出版社,1998.
19.娄德春,吴晓春,崔崑.P20塑料模具钢的热处理及性能[J],金属热处理,1996,21(6)：27-30
20.赵建生,乔学亮,孙培祯.等.P20大截面塑料模具钢淬透性研究[J],金属热处理,1994,19(7)：3-7.
21 赵建生,乔学亮,孙培祯.等.塑料模具钢P20合金化特点及热处理工艺的研究[J],热加 工工艺,1995,(1)：48-50.
22.项程云.合金结构钢[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,1998,201-206
23.陈再枝.,马党参.塑料模具钢应用手册[M],北京：化学工业出版社,2005,65-68
24.林慧国,傅代直.钢的奥氏体转变曲线—原理、测试与应用—[M],北京：机械工业出版社,1988,92-93
25.李曼云.孙本荣.钢的控制轧制和控制冷却技术手册[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,1990,22-27
26.陆兴.热处理工程基础[M],北京：机械工业出版社,2007,160-161
27.刘宗昌.材料组织结构转变原理[M],北京：冶金工业出版社,2006,244-248
28.宋义全.于健.刘宗昌.等.P20塑料模具钢的回火组织与硬度[J],包头钢铁学院学报,2003,23(1)：42-45.
29. Medina S F, Vega M I, Chapa M. Critical cooling temperature and phase transformation kinetics in structure steels determined by mean flow stress and dilatometry [J], Materials Science and Technology,2000,16(2):163-170.
30. De Cosmo M, Galantucci L M, Tricarico L. Design of process parameters for dual phase steel production with strip rolling using the finite-element method [J], Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1999,92-93:486-493.
31.周悠,宛农.塑料模具钢3Cr17NiMo热处理组织的分析[J],模具技术,2007,3：55-58
32.江来珠,王习顺,王建会.非调质贝氏体型大截面塑料模具钢的研究和开发——合金成分与组织和机械性能的关系[J],宝钢技术,1999,6：22-28.
33.江来珠,阎启.非调质预硬态塑料模具钢B30的焊补性能[J],宝钢技术,2001,6：19-22
34.陈卓,吴晓春,汪宏斌.等.硼对P20钢淬火性能的影响[J],钢铁,2007,42(7)：76-78
35.朱宗元,崔崑.我国模具钢及热处理工艺和标准的发展现状[J],理化检验—物理分册,2007,43(2)：84-88.
36.朱宗元,崔崑.我国模具钢及热处理工艺和标准的发展现状(续)[J],理化检验—物理分册,2007,43(4)：194-197.
37.韩海军.塑料模具用钢材料的种类及展望[J],机械,2005,32(1)：4-6.
38.姚风臣,张海,刘德富.塑料模具钢预硬化工艺参数的研究[J],河北冶金,2005,6：28-30
39.宋鸣,倪亚辉.塑料模具钢的性能和选用[J],塑料工业,2004,32(10)：37-40
40.刘劲松.预硬化型塑料模具钢SM3Cr2Mo的开发与应用[J],模具制造,2005,2：72-73
41.宛农,熊惟皓,索进平.新型塑料模具钢热处理工艺特点及参数选择[J],模具工业, 2004,10：50-52.
42.杨贵根,朱祖昌.世界模具钢生产的现状和进展[J],热处理技术与装备,2006,27(6)：5-13
43.刘宗昌,于健,郝少祥.P20塑料模具钢的组织对抛光性能的影响[J],特殊钢,2004,25(5)：19-21.
44.刘宗昌,于健,宋义全.等.P20塑料模具钢的相变动力学曲线[J],2003,24(4)：16-17.
45.刘宗昌,宋义全,马党参.等.P20钢的预硬化组织及工艺[J],2002,21(4)：332-335.
46.潘丽珍,冯志云.塑料模具钢P20的开发与研制[J],山西冶金,1998,1：38-40
47.徐明华.模具钢的市场和发展[J],上海金属,2003,25(6)：25-29.
48.冯颖璋,潘振鹏.大型塑料模具钢材的热处理[J],国外金属热处理,2000,21(3)：18-21.
49.李文忠.大型塑料模具钢P20宽厚板的研制[J],宽厚板,1995,1(2)：26-30.
50.宋冬利,顾剑锋,胡明娟.预硬型塑料模具钢P20和718等温转变曲线的测定与分析[J],金属热处理,2003,28(12)：27-29.
51.续维,黄俊春,王庆亮.预硬化塑料模具钢性能研究[J],上海钢研,2004,2：7-12.
52.陈千.预硬化P20塑料模具试制[J],特钢技术,2001,1：72-74.
53.张洪奎,续维,陈汉辉.新型预硬塑料模具钢调质工艺研究[J],宝钢技术,2002,1：27-33.
54.薄鑫涛.塑料模具用钢的种类和选择[J],热处理,2002,17(4)：48-55.
55. C.T.Kwok, K.I.Leong, F.T.Cheng, H.C.Man. Microstructural and corrosion characteristics of laser surface-melted plastics mold steels[J], Materials Science and Engineering A,2003,357: 94-103
56. J.Rech, C.LeCalvez, M.Dessoly. A new approach for the characterization of machinability— application to steels for plastic injection molds[J], Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2004,152:66-70.
57.吴健鹏,王志明,姚海涛.控制轧制技术的新进展——低碳贝氏体钢[J],宽厚板,2000,6(6)：5-11.
58.李成军.精轧变形制度对低碳贝氏体钢组织与性能的影响[J],山东冶金,2007,29(1)：39-40.
59.杨素军.高强度低碳贝氏体钢的试制[J],湖南冶金,2005,33(5)：10-13.
60.尚成嘉,杨善武,王学敏.等.低碳贝氏体钢的组织类型及其对性能的影响[J],钢铁,2005,40(4)：57-61.