考虑刚体摆动的钢悬链式立管出平面运动分析方法研究
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摘要
随着海洋石油工业的飞速发展，深水油气勘探开发活动大大增加，作为联系海底油井与海洋平台的关键设备，立管系统在海洋油气资源开发中占有举足轻重的地位。钢悬链式立管（Steel Catenary Risers, SCRs）是近年来发展起来的一项新型深水立管技术，克服了柔性立管及顶张力立管在深海应用的局限性，成为深水油气资源开发的首选立管系统。涡激振动是钢悬链式立管设计的核心问题，由于特殊的几何形状及深水流场的复杂性，钢悬链式立管的涡激振动分析比顶张力立管复杂的多。因此，钢悬链式立管的动力学模型及涡激振动特性等方面的研究具有重要的理论意义及应用价值。
深水钢悬链式立管是一种大挠度柔性结构，尤其是触地点区域的大曲率，使普通梁模型难以准确模拟其力学特性。本文运用大挠度柔性索理论，采用具有弯曲刚度的大挠度细长梁模型模拟钢悬链式立管，充分考虑触地点区域的大曲率及悬垂段张力连续分布的特点，建立钢悬链式立管的复杂弯曲控制方程，并采用基于该理论的SCR动力分析程序CABLE3D求解立管的静力及动力学问题。
基于大柔性圆柱体两向涡激振动试验及由此提出的考虑结构振动及与流体耦合的涡激升力模型，本文提出了钢悬链式立管非锁定区考虑流固耦合的两向涡激振动模型，该模型不仅考虑脉动拖曳力引发的立管顺流向涡激振动，而且考虑横向流固耦合问题，研究表明，该模型物理意义清晰，能够较好的模拟钢悬链式立管的涡激振动本质。触地点是钢悬链式立管的特征点，本文重点分析了立管触地点处的涡激振动特性，分析表明，钢悬链式立管触地点区域的涡激振动响应处于局部峰值，且频率构成较复杂，因其决定立管的疲劳寿命，因此该点应作为钢悬链式立管涡激振动分析的关键点。
针对钢悬链式立管静态位形的大曲率特点，本文提出钢悬链式立管刚体摆动模型，该模型假定立管悬垂段为绕悬挂点与触地点连线所形成的倾斜轴的刚体摆动系统，若环境荷载不在SCR初始平面内，则环境荷载与摆动轴到单元的矢径即形成力矩，该力矩为刚体摆动系统提供摆动动力，单元重力分量则提供恢复力。将刚体摆动模型以惯性力及水动力阻尼的形式与立管弯曲振动耦合，即形成考虑刚体摆动及弯曲振动的钢悬链式立管出平面运动模型，研究立管的出平面运动特性。研究表明，钢悬链式立管刚体摆动能够达到与弯曲振动相同的数量级，且其对立管下部管段的动力响应有较大影响，在钢悬链式立管的动力分析中应予以充分考虑。
本文对钢悬链式立管刚体摆动模型及触地点区域涡激振动特性的研究尚处于初级阶段，在为深水立管设计及理论研究提供新思路、新方法的同时，难免存在不足之处，更为深入的研究深水钢悬链式立管的动力特性问题还需要学术界共同的努力。
With the development of offshore oil and gas industry, exploitation activities indeepwater are increasing greatly. As key equipments connecting platforms and wells,risers hold a significant position in ocean resource development. Steel Catenary Risers(SCRs) are a new type of deepwater risers developed in recent years, they overcomethe limitation of traditional flexible risers and TTRs and become the preffered risersystems in deepwater development now. Vortex induced vibration (VIV) is the coreproblem in the design of SCRs, special configurations and complex flow make theVIV analysis of SCRs much more complicated than TTRs. So the study of dynamicmodel and VIV property of SCRs in this paper has great significance in theory andapplications.
SCRs are the flexible structures with large deflection, so the simulation of themby commom beam model is very inaccurate. Based on the theory of flexible cable,SCRs are modeld by small extensible slender rod with bending stiffness in this paper,the large curve of TDP and continuous distribution of tension are considered in themodel, the control equation is established and then the corresponding dynamic code ofSCRs, CABLE3D, is used to solve the static and dynamic problem.
Based on VIV experiment of flexible cylinders and the revised lift force model, atwo-way VIV model of SCRs with fluid-structure interaction, beyond lock-in district,is proposed in the paper, both in-line vibration with pulsating drag force andfluid-structure coupling of cross flow are included in the new model. The studiesshow that the model has clear physical interpretation and can describe the VIV ofdeepwater risers pretty well. TDP is the feature point of SCRs, the special analysis ofTDP in the paper shows that the VIV response of the point is the local extremum andthe frequency component is complex, the point decides the fatigue life of SCRs, so theVIV study of TDP is an unavoidable problem in the study of SCRs.
Due to the large curvature of sag bends, rigid swing model of SCRs is proposedin the paper, the model takes SCRs as rigid swing systems about the axis from thehanging point to the touch down point (TDP), if the direction of environmental loadhas a angle with SCRs plane, the torque is then produced of the force and the vectorfrom the axis to the riser, which provide the driving force for the swing and the weightof the riser provide the restoring force. The rigid motion is coupled with bendingvibration as inertial force and hydrodynamic damping, then the out-of-plane motion ofSCRs with both bending vibration and rigid motion are simulated. The studies show that the response of rigid motion have a magnitude equal to that of the bendingvibration, rigid motion affects the dynamic response of lower part of SCRs greatlyand can not be ignored in their dynamic analysis.
The study of rigid swing model of SCRs and VIV analysis of TDP is still atprimary stage in the paper, the deficiency is unavoidable when the new ideas andmethods for the design and research of SCRs are provided, so the further considerablestudy on the dynamic property of SCRs is very essential in the future.
深水钢悬链式立管是一种大挠度柔性结构，尤其是触地点区域的大曲率，使普通梁模型难以准确模拟其力学特性。本文运用大挠度柔性索理论，采用具有弯曲刚度的大挠度细长梁模型模拟钢悬链式立管，充分考虑触地点区域的大曲率及悬垂段张力连续分布的特点，建立钢悬链式立管的复杂弯曲控制方程，并采用基于该理论的SCR动力分析程序CABLE3D求解立管的静力及动力学问题。
基于大柔性圆柱体两向涡激振动试验及由此提出的考虑结构振动及与流体耦合的涡激升力模型，本文提出了钢悬链式立管非锁定区考虑流固耦合的两向涡激振动模型，该模型不仅考虑脉动拖曳力引发的立管顺流向涡激振动，而且考虑横向流固耦合问题，研究表明，该模型物理意义清晰，能够较好的模拟钢悬链式立管的涡激振动本质。触地点是钢悬链式立管的特征点，本文重点分析了立管触地点处的涡激振动特性，分析表明，钢悬链式立管触地点区域的涡激振动响应处于局部峰值，且频率构成较复杂，因其决定立管的疲劳寿命，因此该点应作为钢悬链式立管涡激振动分析的关键点。
针对钢悬链式立管静态位形的大曲率特点，本文提出钢悬链式立管刚体摆动模型，该模型假定立管悬垂段为绕悬挂点与触地点连线所形成的倾斜轴的刚体摆动系统，若环境荷载不在SCR初始平面内，则环境荷载与摆动轴到单元的矢径即形成力矩，该力矩为刚体摆动系统提供摆动动力，单元重力分量则提供恢复力。将刚体摆动模型以惯性力及水动力阻尼的形式与立管弯曲振动耦合，即形成考虑刚体摆动及弯曲振动的钢悬链式立管出平面运动模型，研究立管的出平面运动特性。研究表明，钢悬链式立管刚体摆动能够达到与弯曲振动相同的数量级，且其对立管下部管段的动力响应有较大影响，在钢悬链式立管的动力分析中应予以充分考虑。
本文对钢悬链式立管刚体摆动模型及触地点区域涡激振动特性的研究尚处于初级阶段，在为深水立管设计及理论研究提供新思路、新方法的同时，难免存在不足之处，更为深入的研究深水钢悬链式立管的动力特性问题还需要学术界共同的努力。
With the development of offshore oil and gas industry, exploitation activities indeepwater are increasing greatly. As key equipments connecting platforms and wells,risers hold a significant position in ocean resource development. Steel Catenary Risers(SCRs) are a new type of deepwater risers developed in recent years, they overcomethe limitation of traditional flexible risers and TTRs and become the preffered risersystems in deepwater development now. Vortex induced vibration (VIV) is the coreproblem in the design of SCRs, special configurations and complex flow make theVIV analysis of SCRs much more complicated than TTRs. So the study of dynamicmodel and VIV property of SCRs in this paper has great significance in theory andapplications.
SCRs are the flexible structures with large deflection, so the simulation of themby commom beam model is very inaccurate. Based on the theory of flexible cable,SCRs are modeld by small extensible slender rod with bending stiffness in this paper,the large curve of TDP and continuous distribution of tension are considered in themodel, the control equation is established and then the corresponding dynamic code ofSCRs, CABLE3D, is used to solve the static and dynamic problem.
Based on VIV experiment of flexible cylinders and the revised lift force model, atwo-way VIV model of SCRs with fluid-structure interaction, beyond lock-in district,is proposed in the paper, both in-line vibration with pulsating drag force andfluid-structure coupling of cross flow are included in the new model. The studiesshow that the model has clear physical interpretation and can describe the VIV ofdeepwater risers pretty well. TDP is the feature point of SCRs, the special analysis ofTDP in the paper shows that the VIV response of the point is the local extremum andthe frequency component is complex, the point decides the fatigue life of SCRs, so theVIV study of TDP is an unavoidable problem in the study of SCRs.
Due to the large curvature of sag bends, rigid swing model of SCRs is proposedin the paper, the model takes SCRs as rigid swing systems about the axis from thehanging point to the touch down point (TDP), if the direction of environmental loadhas a angle with SCRs plane, the torque is then produced of the force and the vectorfrom the axis to the riser, which provide the driving force for the swing and the weightof the riser provide the restoring force. The rigid motion is coupled with bendingvibration as inertial force and hydrodynamic damping, then the out-of-plane motion ofSCRs with both bending vibration and rigid motion are simulated. The studies show that the response of rigid motion have a magnitude equal to that of the bendingvibration, rigid motion affects the dynamic response of lower part of SCRs greatlyand can not be ignored in their dynamic analysis.
The study of rigid swing model of SCRs and VIV analysis of TDP is still atprimary stage in the paper, the deficiency is unavoidable when the new ideas andmethods for the design and research of SCRs are provided, so the further considerablestudy on the dynamic property of SCRs is very essential in the future.
引文
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