海上风电场VSC-HVDC并网应用研究
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摘要
进入到二十一世纪可再生能源发电技术特别是风力发电技术得到了前所未有的发展,在我国沿海也有大量的海上风电场处于建设或规划之中。海上风电场的出现,使可利用的风能容量大幅度增加,其中海上风能储量约为陆地上的3倍左右。在距离海岸线较远的海上风电场中采用的传统交流并网方式遇到了很多问题,比如无功功率补偿问题。本文提出了基于DFIG的海上风力发电系统通过VSC-HVDC并网的方法,并对整体系统通过PSCAD/EMTDC进行了仿真研究。
首先,文章在绪论中探讨了海上基于双馈感应电机的风电场轻型直流并网的理论意义和应用价值,对国内外轻型直流输电的发展技术现状给出了具体分析并研究了未来的发展趋势,并针对双馈电机风力发电系统和轻型直流输电系统技术做了简单分析。另外对本文在进行仿真研究时使用的软件PSCAD/EMTDC做了简单的介绍。
其次,本文对双馈风力发电技术进行了详细的介绍。描述了基于双馈电机风力发电技术的特点,并对双馈感应电机发电系统进行了详细的数学模型推导,其中包括风力机、双馈电机、传动系统等。在进行详细数学模型推导的基础之上,给出了双馈感应电机的转子侧、网侧变流器的控制策略,为仿真研究奠定了理论基础。
再次,本文研究了轻型直流输电系统的基本结构,在对其结构进行分析的基础上,采用建立数学模型的方法详细描述了轻型直流输电系统。通过数学模型的建立及轻型直流输电系统控制方法的分析,研究了应用于海上风电场的轻型直流输电系统的详细控制策略,从而解决了海上风电场直流输电系统的理论基础。此外,还对双馈感应发电机与轻型直流输电系统互联的协调控制做了简要的分析。
最后,本文对海上风电场轻型直流输电并网系统通过PSCAD/EMTDC软件进行了仿真分析。研究了在基于基本风、渐变风、扰动风、阵风共同作用的风况下,海上风电场轻型直流输电并网系统的工作情况。另外还研究了在电网发生一些常见故障情况下,基于双馈感应电机的海上风电场轻型直流并网系统的仿真分析。
With the arrival of the 21st century, renewable energy technologies, especially wind power technology has been unprecedented development. There have been a large number of offshore wind farm in coastal areas. With the appearing of offshore wind farm, the availability wind power capacity increase largely. Offshore wind power capacity is about 3 times than the capacity of land. The offshore wind farms that are far away from the coast have many problems in the traditional ways of connecting with grid through AC system, such as reactive power compensation. In this paper, the method that offshore wind power system based DFIG connecting with the grid through VSC-HVDC is studied. The simulation of the whole system is performed through PSCAD / EMTDC.
First, in this paper the theory and application of offshore wind farm that constituted by DFIG connecting with grid through VSC-HVDC is discussed. The development status and trends of the VSC-HVDC technology in domestic and overseas is particular analyzed. Additional the technology of connection between the DFIG wind power generation system and VSC-HVDC is given a simple analysis. Further more, a simple introduction of the tool PSCAD / EMTDC using in the simulation is given.
Secondly, the DFIG wind power generation technology is particular introduced and the characteristics of wind farm based on DFIG is described. A detailed derivation of the mathematical model for DFIG wind power farm that includes wind turbine, DFIG,transmission and so on is given. Based on derivation of the detailed mathematical model this paper gives control strategy of rotor side and grid-side converter in order to providing theoretical basis for the simulation.
Again, the basic structure of VSC-HVDC system is studied in this paper. Based on the analysis of the structure, this paper using method of mathematical model gives a detailed description of VSC- HVDC system. It solves the theoretical basis of the VSC-HVDC system for offshore wind farm through analysis of VSC-HVDC mathematical model and study of system interface circuit to give control strategy of the details VSC-HVDC system. In addition, this paper gives a brief analysis for the DFIG interconnected with VSC-HVDC coordination control.
Finally, the simulation and analysis for offshore wind farm connected with grid through VSC-HVDC system using software PSCAD / EMTDC is given. Then, the work of the offshore wind farm connected with grid through VSC-HVDC transmission system is studied under the action of the wind based on the basic wind, gradient wind, the wind disturbance and the gust wind. Also the simulation of the system is given in the situation of some common power grid failure.
首先,文章在绪论中探讨了海上基于双馈感应电机的风电场轻型直流并网的理论意义和应用价值,对国内外轻型直流输电的发展技术现状给出了具体分析并研究了未来的发展趋势,并针对双馈电机风力发电系统和轻型直流输电系统技术做了简单分析。另外对本文在进行仿真研究时使用的软件PSCAD/EMTDC做了简单的介绍。
其次,本文对双馈风力发电技术进行了详细的介绍。描述了基于双馈电机风力发电技术的特点,并对双馈感应电机发电系统进行了详细的数学模型推导,其中包括风力机、双馈电机、传动系统等。在进行详细数学模型推导的基础之上,给出了双馈感应电机的转子侧、网侧变流器的控制策略,为仿真研究奠定了理论基础。
再次,本文研究了轻型直流输电系统的基本结构,在对其结构进行分析的基础上,采用建立数学模型的方法详细描述了轻型直流输电系统。通过数学模型的建立及轻型直流输电系统控制方法的分析,研究了应用于海上风电场的轻型直流输电系统的详细控制策略,从而解决了海上风电场直流输电系统的理论基础。此外,还对双馈感应发电机与轻型直流输电系统互联的协调控制做了简要的分析。
最后,本文对海上风电场轻型直流输电并网系统通过PSCAD/EMTDC软件进行了仿真分析。研究了在基于基本风、渐变风、扰动风、阵风共同作用的风况下,海上风电场轻型直流输电并网系统的工作情况。另外还研究了在电网发生一些常见故障情况下,基于双馈感应电机的海上风电场轻型直流并网系统的仿真分析。
With the arrival of the 21st century, renewable energy technologies, especially wind power technology has been unprecedented development. There have been a large number of offshore wind farm in coastal areas. With the appearing of offshore wind farm, the availability wind power capacity increase largely. Offshore wind power capacity is about 3 times than the capacity of land. The offshore wind farms that are far away from the coast have many problems in the traditional ways of connecting with grid through AC system, such as reactive power compensation. In this paper, the method that offshore wind power system based DFIG connecting with the grid through VSC-HVDC is studied. The simulation of the whole system is performed through PSCAD / EMTDC.
First, in this paper the theory and application of offshore wind farm that constituted by DFIG connecting with grid through VSC-HVDC is discussed. The development status and trends of the VSC-HVDC technology in domestic and overseas is particular analyzed. Additional the technology of connection between the DFIG wind power generation system and VSC-HVDC is given a simple analysis. Further more, a simple introduction of the tool PSCAD / EMTDC using in the simulation is given.
Secondly, the DFIG wind power generation technology is particular introduced and the characteristics of wind farm based on DFIG is described. A detailed derivation of the mathematical model for DFIG wind power farm that includes wind turbine, DFIG,transmission and so on is given. Based on derivation of the detailed mathematical model this paper gives control strategy of rotor side and grid-side converter in order to providing theoretical basis for the simulation.
Again, the basic structure of VSC-HVDC system is studied in this paper. Based on the analysis of the structure, this paper using method of mathematical model gives a detailed description of VSC- HVDC system. It solves the theoretical basis of the VSC-HVDC system for offshore wind farm through analysis of VSC-HVDC mathematical model and study of system interface circuit to give control strategy of the details VSC-HVDC system. In addition, this paper gives a brief analysis for the DFIG interconnected with VSC-HVDC coordination control.
Finally, the simulation and analysis for offshore wind farm connected with grid through VSC-HVDC system using software PSCAD / EMTDC is given. Then, the work of the offshore wind farm connected with grid through VSC-HVDC transmission system is studied under the action of the wind based on the basic wind, gradient wind, the wind disturbance and the gust wind. Also the simulation of the system is given in the situation of some common power grid failure.
引文
[1]李俊峰,施鹏飞,高虎.中国风电发展报告2010[R].海南出版社,2010.10
[2]王志新,李响,艾芊,解大.海上风电柔性直流输电及变流器技术研究[J].电力学报,2007,(4):413-417
[3]徐政.交直流电力系统动态行为分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.5
[4]刘思佳.大功率双馈风力发电机的控制策略研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学,2009
[5]林成武,王凤翔,姚兴佳.变速恒频双馈风力发电机励磁控制技术研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(11):122-125.
[6]李娟娟,张敬华.双馈电机矢量控制调速系统及仿真[J].合肥工业大学学报.2004.3
[7]韩民晓,文俊,徐永海.高压直流输电原理与运行.北京:机械工业出版社2008.9
[8]张桂斌.新型直流输电及其相关技术研究[博士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学2001
[9] Fidel S Cook, Mike Wyckmans, Lars Weimers. Network Interconnection Using HVDC Light. In: Distribution 2000 Conference. Brisbane(Australia):1999
[10]李庚银,吕鹏飞,李广凯,等.轻型高压直流输电技术的发展与展望.电力系统自动化,2003,27(4): 77~81
[11]Mike Wyckmans. Innovation in the market: HVDC Light, the new technology.7th International Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition, 2003
[12]Fidel S Cook, Mike Wyckmans, Lars Weimers. Network Interconnection Using HVDC Light. In: Distribution 2000 Conference. Brisbane (Australia):1999
[13]叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术(第二版)[M].机械工业出版社,2006
[14]李晶,宋家骅,王胜伟.大型变速恒频风力发电机组建模与仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(6):100-105.
[15]王承煦,张源.风力发电[M].北京:中国电力出版社. 2003. (67-75)
[16]刘其辉,贺益康,赵仁德.交流励磁变速恒频风力发电系统的运行与控制[J].电工技术学报2008,(1)
[17] Morten Lindoholm. Doubly fed drives for variable speed wind turbines[J]. Technical University of Denmark,September,2003
[18]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统[M].机械工业出版社(第2版),2002
[19]高景德,王祥珩,李发海.交流电机及其系统的分析(第二版)[M].清华大学出版社.383-398
[20]卢剑涛,王耀南,陈继华.基于电压空间矢量的三相PWM整流器控制研究[J].通信电源技术2005. 22(2):14-17
[21] A.B.Raju,K.Chatterjee,B.G.Femandes. A Simple Maximum Power Point Tracker for Grid connected Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion System with Reduced Switch Count Power converters[J]. IEEE trans on Power Systems,2003,18(2):803-809
[22]李永东.交流电机数字控制系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002,122-174
[23]李华德.交流调速控制系统.北京:电子工业出版社[M]. 2003,92-125
[24]倪受元.风力发电讲座:第二讲风力机的工作原理与气动力特性[J].太阳能,2000,(3):12-16
[25]许洪华,倪受元.独立运行风电机组的最佳叶尖速比控制[J].太阳能学报,1998,19(1):30-35
[26] Andreas Petersson. Analysis,modeling and control of doubly_fed induction generators for wind turbines. phD thesis,Chalmers university of technology,2005
[27] A.M.Khambadkone,Rajib Datta and V.T.Ranganathan. Modeling and rotor current control of doubly-fed induction machine with complex signal flow grahs[J]. IEEE Trans.1998,2:972-977
[28] A.B.Raju,K.Chatterjee,B.G.Femandes. A Simple Maximum Power Point Tracker for Grid connected Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion System with Reduced Switch Count Power converters[J]. IEEE trans on Power Systems,2003,18(2):803-809
[29]赵振波,李和明. PWM整流器PI参数设计.华北电力大学学报,2003,30(4):34-37
[30]李辉,杨顺昌,廖勇.并网双馈发电机电网电压定向励磁控制的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(8):159-162.
[31] Thomas.Ackermann. Wind Power in Power Systems[M]. John Wile&Sons,Ltd.2004
[32] Petersson A,Harnefors L,Thiringer T. Evaluation of current control methods for wind turbines using doubly-fed induction machines [J].IEEE Trans.on
[33] Cartwright P,Holdsworth L,Ekanayake J,et al.Co-ordinated voltage control strategy for a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind farm[J] . IEEE Proceedings-Transmission and Distribution Generation,2004,151(4):495-502.
[34] Abbey.C,Joos.G. Short-term energy storage for wind energy applications. In IAS Annual Meeting,Oct 2-6 2005
[35] M. Liserre,F.Blaabierg,S. Hansen. Design and Control of an LCL-filter based Three-phase Active Rectifiers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2005, 41(5):1281-1291
[36] Wernekinick E,Kawarnura A,Hoft R.A. High frequency ac-dc converter with unity power factor and minimum harmonic distortion[J]. IEEE Power ElectronicsSpecialist Conference,1987:264-270
[37]赵畹君.高压直流输电工程技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社.2004.
[38] R.Mohan Mathur.基于晶闸管的柔性交流输电控制装置.北京:机械工业出版社
[39] nali Dasgupta. A Control Strategy of a VSC HVDC System for Power System E-nhancement.Second International Conferenceon Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology,ICETET-09
[40]靳静.大功率电力电子设备在风力发电系统中的应用[硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学
[40]丁晨.适用于高压直流输电的电压源型换流器的研究[硕士学位论文].南京东南大学
[41]尹明.基于VSC-HVDC的风电场联网技术研究[博士学位论文].保定:华北电力大学
[42] Mike Wyckmans.Innovation in the mark-et:HVDC Light,the new technology.7th Int-ernational Transmission and Distribution C-onference and Exhibition,2003
[43]梅柏杉,杨林涛,张磊等.轻型高压直流输电动态建模与性能分析[J].华东电力,2011,(3)
[44] Jiang-Hafner,Ying;Hyttinen,Mats;Paajarvi,Bo.On the short circuit current contributionof HVDC light:Proceedings of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Transmission andDistribution Conference,v 3,n ASIA PACI-FIC,2002,p 1926-1932
[45]徐科,吴超,杨晓静.胡敏强等VSC-HVDC系统风力发电结构分析与控制[J].电网技术2009.4
[46]单任仲,尹忠东,肖湘宁.电压源型快速动态无功补偿器[J].中国电机工程学报2009(24)
[47] Durrant M,Werner H,Abbott K.Model of a VSC-HVDC terminal attached to a weak AC system[C].Proceedings of 2003 IEEE Conference on Control Applications
[48]傅晓帆,周克亮等.风电场并网用VSC-HVDC的无差拍解耦控制策略[J].电工技术学报2009(11)
[2]王志新,李响,艾芊,解大.海上风电柔性直流输电及变流器技术研究[J].电力学报,2007,(4):413-417
[3]徐政.交直流电力系统动态行为分析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.5
[4]刘思佳.大功率双馈风力发电机的控制策略研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学,2009
[5]林成武,王凤翔,姚兴佳.变速恒频双馈风力发电机励磁控制技术研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(11):122-125.
[6]李娟娟,张敬华.双馈电机矢量控制调速系统及仿真[J].合肥工业大学学报.2004.3
[7]韩民晓,文俊,徐永海.高压直流输电原理与运行.北京:机械工业出版社2008.9
[8]张桂斌.新型直流输电及其相关技术研究[博士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学2001
[9] Fidel S Cook, Mike Wyckmans, Lars Weimers. Network Interconnection Using HVDC Light. In: Distribution 2000 Conference. Brisbane(Australia):1999
[10]李庚银,吕鹏飞,李广凯,等.轻型高压直流输电技术的发展与展望.电力系统自动化,2003,27(4): 77~81
[11]Mike Wyckmans. Innovation in the market: HVDC Light, the new technology.7th International Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition, 2003
[12]Fidel S Cook, Mike Wyckmans, Lars Weimers. Network Interconnection Using HVDC Light. In: Distribution 2000 Conference. Brisbane (Australia):1999
[13]叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术(第二版)[M].机械工业出版社,2006
[14]李晶,宋家骅,王胜伟.大型变速恒频风力发电机组建模与仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2004,24(6):100-105.
[15]王承煦,张源.风力发电[M].北京:中国电力出版社. 2003. (67-75)
[16]刘其辉,贺益康,赵仁德.交流励磁变速恒频风力发电系统的运行与控制[J].电工技术学报2008,(1)
[17] Morten Lindoholm. Doubly fed drives for variable speed wind turbines[J]. Technical University of Denmark,September,2003
[18]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统[M].机械工业出版社(第2版),2002
[19]高景德,王祥珩,李发海.交流电机及其系统的分析(第二版)[M].清华大学出版社.383-398
[20]卢剑涛,王耀南,陈继华.基于电压空间矢量的三相PWM整流器控制研究[J].通信电源技术2005. 22(2):14-17
[21] A.B.Raju,K.Chatterjee,B.G.Femandes. A Simple Maximum Power Point Tracker for Grid connected Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion System with Reduced Switch Count Power converters[J]. IEEE trans on Power Systems,2003,18(2):803-809
[22]李永东.交流电机数字控制系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002,122-174
[23]李华德.交流调速控制系统.北京:电子工业出版社[M]. 2003,92-125
[24]倪受元.风力发电讲座:第二讲风力机的工作原理与气动力特性[J].太阳能,2000,(3):12-16
[25]许洪华,倪受元.独立运行风电机组的最佳叶尖速比控制[J].太阳能学报,1998,19(1):30-35
[26] Andreas Petersson. Analysis,modeling and control of doubly_fed induction generators for wind turbines. phD thesis,Chalmers university of technology,2005
[27] A.M.Khambadkone,Rajib Datta and V.T.Ranganathan. Modeling and rotor current control of doubly-fed induction machine with complex signal flow grahs[J]. IEEE Trans.1998,2:972-977
[28] A.B.Raju,K.Chatterjee,B.G.Femandes. A Simple Maximum Power Point Tracker for Grid connected Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion System with Reduced Switch Count Power converters[J]. IEEE trans on Power Systems,2003,18(2):803-809
[29]赵振波,李和明. PWM整流器PI参数设计.华北电力大学学报,2003,30(4):34-37
[30]李辉,杨顺昌,廖勇.并网双馈发电机电网电压定向励磁控制的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(8):159-162.
[31] Thomas.Ackermann. Wind Power in Power Systems[M]. John Wile&Sons,Ltd.2004
[32] Petersson A,Harnefors L,Thiringer T. Evaluation of current control methods for wind turbines using doubly-fed induction machines [J].IEEE Trans.on
[33] Cartwright P,Holdsworth L,Ekanayake J,et al.Co-ordinated voltage control strategy for a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind farm[J] . IEEE Proceedings-Transmission and Distribution Generation,2004,151(4):495-502.
[34] Abbey.C,Joos.G. Short-term energy storage for wind energy applications. In IAS Annual Meeting,Oct 2-6 2005
[35] M. Liserre,F.Blaabierg,S. Hansen. Design and Control of an LCL-filter based Three-phase Active Rectifiers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2005, 41(5):1281-1291
[36] Wernekinick E,Kawarnura A,Hoft R.A. High frequency ac-dc converter with unity power factor and minimum harmonic distortion[J]. IEEE Power ElectronicsSpecialist Conference,1987:264-270
[37]赵畹君.高压直流输电工程技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社.2004.
[38] R.Mohan Mathur.基于晶闸管的柔性交流输电控制装置.北京:机械工业出版社
[39] nali Dasgupta. A Control Strategy of a VSC HVDC System for Power System E-nhancement.Second International Conferenceon Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology,ICETET-09
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