基于多Agent的大跨连续梁桥施工控制系统及其关键技术研究
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摘要
在我国大力发展交通基础建设的今天,桥梁建设工程任务艰巨。预应力混凝土连续梁桥以其受力性能好、抗震能力强、造型多变等优点成为众多桥梁设计者的首选桥型。虽然预应力混凝土连续梁桥的悬臂浇筑施工方法在我国也已逐渐成熟,其造价低、施工速度快、设备少、工序简单、占用较小的桥位空间等诸多优点给预应力混凝土连续梁桥的建设带来不少便利,但是在梁桥建设任务重、工期紧和梁桥结构不断创新的背景下,混凝土连续梁桥的悬臂浇筑施工的弱势不得不引起施工控制者的关注。随着预应力混凝土连续梁桥的跨度增大、墩位增高、平顺性要求越发严格,亟需对梁桥施工中的受力状态、影响因素、施工误差、施工安全和施工质量加强控制。本文建立了基于多Agent的大跨连续梁桥施工控制系统,在充分利用多Agent系统的智能性的基础上,能实现对大跨连续梁桥在整个施工过程中的受力、安全和线形等的全面控制,并建立施工控制工作的分布式协同模式,提高了梁桥施工控制的效率。论文的主要工作及研究成果如下：
(1)对大跨连续梁桥施工控制系统进行分析,找出梁桥施工系统基于多Agent的优化优势和方法,从而根据多Agent的基本概念,建立大跨连续梁桥多Agent施工控制系统。该系统较传统的施工控制具有明显的智能性,能真正实现梁桥的自适应控制。该系统还包含工程数据库、知识库和施工状态分析模块,大大提高了梁桥施工控制数据处理效率。系统中还提出了梁桥自适应控制与预测控制相结合的施工控制方法,能综合分析影响梁桥施工状态的各种参数因素或非参数因素,增强了施工控制决策的可靠性。
(2)在大跨连续梁桥多Agent施工控制系统模型的基础上,基于多Agent理论和实时控制理论,对梁桥施工控制系统进一步完善,提出基于多Agent的大跨连续梁桥施工实时控制流程。对梁桥施工控制系统的施工现场监测、施工仿真分析、施工状态分析、参数识别与施工预测这四个子系统进行Agent分工,建立梁桥施工控制的个体Agent内部结构,并明确各项施工控制工作的流程和协作关系,有利于施工控制系统与施工控制实际操作的结合。提出梁桥施工控制的保证措施,以确保施工控制系统的流畅运行。
(3)研究了基于误差修正的施工状态分析方法。对施工现场监测数据建立施工预警分析,在第一时间对梁桥的施工状态进行初步判断,看是否严重超出施工控制范围。在对梁桥施工状态的进一步分析中,提出了梁桥结构变形监测参数和结构应力监测参数的温度效应修正方法和剪力滞效应修正方法,将经过温度修正和剪力滞修正后的结构变形值和应力值与施工仿真模型计算值进行比较,判断梁桥的线形状态和内力状态。基于误差修正的施工状态分析方法较传统的方法更合理,现场的施工监测工作也可不用刻意选择环境温度来进行,减少了施工监测对梁桥正常施工的影响。
(4)基于对参数识别与施工预测的常用方法的分析,建立了参数典型相关分析和GRNN的梁桥施工参数识别方法,以及灰色神经网络、遗传神经网络和组合预测模型的施工预测方法。参数典型相关分析能分析出同时对结构应力和结构变形影响显著的设计参数,提高了参数识别的效率。GRNN、灰色神经网络和遗传神经网络都是基本BP神经网络的优化模型,具有更强的非线性映射能力、容错性和鲁棒性。施工组合预测模型在综合几种预测方法的优点的基础上,能进一步提高施工预测精度,且在本文的工程实践中其应用效果得到了证实。
(5)基于面向对象技术,在习均大桥的施工控制中初步实现了大跨连续梁桥多Agent施工控制系统,其智能性也有所体现。结合参数识别与施工预测的优化方法,习均大桥的施工控制精度得到了保证,并已成功合龙。
Chinese government would like to develop the transportation infrastructure construction today, and the bridge project construction is an arduous task. The mechanical behavior and seismic behavior of beam bridge are good. The beam bridge can also be built with many different modeling. So most of the bridge designers would like to choose prestressed concrete continuous beam bridge design scheme.
The cantilever casting construction method of prestressed concrete continuous beam bridge is much more mature. There are many advantages of cantilever casting construction method, such as low cost, fast construction speed, less equipment, simple process, take up less bridge space and so on. With the heavy task of beam bridge construction, the disadvantages of beam bridge cantilever casting construction have to be paid much attention by the bridge construction masters. Today the span of beam bridge is increasing, the pier is much higher, and there is much more requirement of bridge ride comfort. So in the course of beam bridge construction, the structure stress state, the construction error and the construction safety should be strengthen control.
A long-span continuous beam bridge multi-Agent construction control system is built in this paper. The construction control system takes full advantage of the intelligent of multi-Agent system. As a result of that, the construction control system can do positive control to stress、safety and linear in the beam bridge construction. With the distributed collaborative construction control pattern of the construction control system, the beam bridge construction control efficiency is greatly improved. The main work and research result of the paper is as follow:
(1) First, the long-span continuous beam bridge construction control system is analysed. The content of analysis is the goodness and methods of construction system optimization. Based on the basic conception of multi-Agent, the long-span continuous beam bridge multi-Agent construction control system is built. Compared with the traditional construction control system, the multi-Agent construction control system is obvious intelligent. The self-adaptive construction control can be really achieved in the multi-Agent construction control system. The system also includes engineering data base, knowledge base and construction state analysis module. There is a new construction control method in the system, which is the combination of the self-adaptive control method and the predictive control method. The new construction control method can improve the reliability of construction control decision by analyzing all of the influencing factors of beam bridge construction.
(2) Based on the long-span continuous beam bridge multi-Agent construction control system and real-time control theory, the long-span continuous beam bridge multi-Agent construction control real-time control flow is proposed. There are four subsystems in the control flow, which are construction field monitoring subsystem, construction simulated analysis subsystem, construction state analysis subsystem and parameter identification construction prediction subsystem. In the multi-Agent control flow, the Agent tasks of four subsystems are presented. The Agent internal structure and the cooperative relationship of construction tasks are also presented in the control flow. With the multi-Agent control flow, the beam bridge construction control is easy to implement. Besides, the beam bridge construction control safeguard measure is proposed to ensure construction control system operation.
(3) The construction state analysis method based on error correction is studied. Firstly, the construction field monitoring data is analyzed preliminarily, and judges the construction early warning need or not. In the further analysis of beam bridge construction state, the error correction analysis method is temperature effect correction calculation and shear lag effect correction calculation. With the two sides'correction calculation, the construction field monitoring data of structure deformation and structure stress will be more significant. Compared with construction simulation model calculated value and the construction field monitoring data which has been modified, the linear state and stress state of beam bridge can be judged rapidly. The error correction construction state analysis method is more reasonable than the traditional method. The error correction analysis method can also reduce the temperature demand of construction monitoring, which is beneficial to construction of beam bridge.
(4) The common methods of parameter identification and construction prediction are analyzed at first. Then many new methods of parameter identification and construction prediction are proposed, such as parameters canonical correlation analysis, GRNN, grey neural network, genetic neural network and combination forecasting method. The parameters canonical correlation analysis method can identify the parameters which have a significant influence on structure linear and stress at the same time, this method can improve the efficiency of parameter identification calculation. Compared with BP neural work, GRNN and grey neural network and genetic neural network have better nonlinear mapping ability, fault tolerance and robustness. Construction combination forecasting model can make use of the superiority of the above three neural network methods, and the higher precision of the combination model has been confirmed in the application of engineering.
(5) On the basis of object-oriented technology, the long-span continuous beam bridge multi-Agent construction control system has been realized preliminarily in the construction control of Xijun Bridge. The intelligence of the control system is embodied in practical application. On the combination of the system realization with parameter identification and construction prediction methods which are proposed in this paper, the construction control precision of Xijun Bridge is guaranteed, and the closures of Xijun Bridge are all finished naturally.
(1)对大跨连续梁桥施工控制系统进行分析,找出梁桥施工系统基于多Agent的优化优势和方法,从而根据多Agent的基本概念,建立大跨连续梁桥多Agent施工控制系统。该系统较传统的施工控制具有明显的智能性,能真正实现梁桥的自适应控制。该系统还包含工程数据库、知识库和施工状态分析模块,大大提高了梁桥施工控制数据处理效率。系统中还提出了梁桥自适应控制与预测控制相结合的施工控制方法,能综合分析影响梁桥施工状态的各种参数因素或非参数因素,增强了施工控制决策的可靠性。
(2)在大跨连续梁桥多Agent施工控制系统模型的基础上,基于多Agent理论和实时控制理论,对梁桥施工控制系统进一步完善,提出基于多Agent的大跨连续梁桥施工实时控制流程。对梁桥施工控制系统的施工现场监测、施工仿真分析、施工状态分析、参数识别与施工预测这四个子系统进行Agent分工,建立梁桥施工控制的个体Agent内部结构,并明确各项施工控制工作的流程和协作关系,有利于施工控制系统与施工控制实际操作的结合。提出梁桥施工控制的保证措施,以确保施工控制系统的流畅运行。
(3)研究了基于误差修正的施工状态分析方法。对施工现场监测数据建立施工预警分析,在第一时间对梁桥的施工状态进行初步判断,看是否严重超出施工控制范围。在对梁桥施工状态的进一步分析中,提出了梁桥结构变形监测参数和结构应力监测参数的温度效应修正方法和剪力滞效应修正方法,将经过温度修正和剪力滞修正后的结构变形值和应力值与施工仿真模型计算值进行比较,判断梁桥的线形状态和内力状态。基于误差修正的施工状态分析方法较传统的方法更合理,现场的施工监测工作也可不用刻意选择环境温度来进行,减少了施工监测对梁桥正常施工的影响。
(4)基于对参数识别与施工预测的常用方法的分析,建立了参数典型相关分析和GRNN的梁桥施工参数识别方法,以及灰色神经网络、遗传神经网络和组合预测模型的施工预测方法。参数典型相关分析能分析出同时对结构应力和结构变形影响显著的设计参数,提高了参数识别的效率。GRNN、灰色神经网络和遗传神经网络都是基本BP神经网络的优化模型,具有更强的非线性映射能力、容错性和鲁棒性。施工组合预测模型在综合几种预测方法的优点的基础上,能进一步提高施工预测精度,且在本文的工程实践中其应用效果得到了证实。
(5)基于面向对象技术,在习均大桥的施工控制中初步实现了大跨连续梁桥多Agent施工控制系统,其智能性也有所体现。结合参数识别与施工预测的优化方法,习均大桥的施工控制精度得到了保证,并已成功合龙。
Chinese government would like to develop the transportation infrastructure construction today, and the bridge project construction is an arduous task. The mechanical behavior and seismic behavior of beam bridge are good. The beam bridge can also be built with many different modeling. So most of the bridge designers would like to choose prestressed concrete continuous beam bridge design scheme.
The cantilever casting construction method of prestressed concrete continuous beam bridge is much more mature. There are many advantages of cantilever casting construction method, such as low cost, fast construction speed, less equipment, simple process, take up less bridge space and so on. With the heavy task of beam bridge construction, the disadvantages of beam bridge cantilever casting construction have to be paid much attention by the bridge construction masters. Today the span of beam bridge is increasing, the pier is much higher, and there is much more requirement of bridge ride comfort. So in the course of beam bridge construction, the structure stress state, the construction error and the construction safety should be strengthen control.
A long-span continuous beam bridge multi-Agent construction control system is built in this paper. The construction control system takes full advantage of the intelligent of multi-Agent system. As a result of that, the construction control system can do positive control to stress、safety and linear in the beam bridge construction. With the distributed collaborative construction control pattern of the construction control system, the beam bridge construction control efficiency is greatly improved. The main work and research result of the paper is as follow:
(1) First, the long-span continuous beam bridge construction control system is analysed. The content of analysis is the goodness and methods of construction system optimization. Based on the basic conception of multi-Agent, the long-span continuous beam bridge multi-Agent construction control system is built. Compared with the traditional construction control system, the multi-Agent construction control system is obvious intelligent. The self-adaptive construction control can be really achieved in the multi-Agent construction control system. The system also includes engineering data base, knowledge base and construction state analysis module. There is a new construction control method in the system, which is the combination of the self-adaptive control method and the predictive control method. The new construction control method can improve the reliability of construction control decision by analyzing all of the influencing factors of beam bridge construction.
(2) Based on the long-span continuous beam bridge multi-Agent construction control system and real-time control theory, the long-span continuous beam bridge multi-Agent construction control real-time control flow is proposed. There are four subsystems in the control flow, which are construction field monitoring subsystem, construction simulated analysis subsystem, construction state analysis subsystem and parameter identification construction prediction subsystem. In the multi-Agent control flow, the Agent tasks of four subsystems are presented. The Agent internal structure and the cooperative relationship of construction tasks are also presented in the control flow. With the multi-Agent control flow, the beam bridge construction control is easy to implement. Besides, the beam bridge construction control safeguard measure is proposed to ensure construction control system operation.
(3) The construction state analysis method based on error correction is studied. Firstly, the construction field monitoring data is analyzed preliminarily, and judges the construction early warning need or not. In the further analysis of beam bridge construction state, the error correction analysis method is temperature effect correction calculation and shear lag effect correction calculation. With the two sides'correction calculation, the construction field monitoring data of structure deformation and structure stress will be more significant. Compared with construction simulation model calculated value and the construction field monitoring data which has been modified, the linear state and stress state of beam bridge can be judged rapidly. The error correction construction state analysis method is more reasonable than the traditional method. The error correction analysis method can also reduce the temperature demand of construction monitoring, which is beneficial to construction of beam bridge.
(4) The common methods of parameter identification and construction prediction are analyzed at first. Then many new methods of parameter identification and construction prediction are proposed, such as parameters canonical correlation analysis, GRNN, grey neural network, genetic neural network and combination forecasting method. The parameters canonical correlation analysis method can identify the parameters which have a significant influence on structure linear and stress at the same time, this method can improve the efficiency of parameter identification calculation. Compared with BP neural work, GRNN and grey neural network and genetic neural network have better nonlinear mapping ability, fault tolerance and robustness. Construction combination forecasting model can make use of the superiority of the above three neural network methods, and the higher precision of the combination model has been confirmed in the application of engineering.
(5) On the basis of object-oriented technology, the long-span continuous beam bridge multi-Agent construction control system has been realized preliminarily in the construction control of Xijun Bridge. The intelligence of the control system is embodied in practical application. On the combination of the system realization with parameter identification and construction prediction methods which are proposed in this paper, the construction control precision of Xijun Bridge is guaranteed, and the closures of Xijun Bridge are all finished naturally.
引文
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