朝鲜《医方类聚》研究
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摘要
《医方类聚》是由朝鲜王朝(1392-1910)第4位君主世宗(1418-1450)命文官与医官共同编撰而成的一部大型医书。该书编撰始于世宗二十五年(1443),历时3年完成,于成宗八年(1477)刻印出30帙。原书汇聚了153部中朝医药书籍,其中152部是中国古医籍。医籍年代从先秦时期直至明初,跨越了约2000年的历史。该书篇幅达950万字,收方50000余首,堪与中国收方之最的明代《普济方》相比肩。
目前国内外对《医方类聚》进行深入研究者较少,因此,本文将利用历史学、社会学等研究方法,探讨《医方类聚》的成书背景、参编人员的构成及特点,梳理原书的成书过程、流传经过和现存状况。利用目录学、统计学、版本学、文字比较学等思路对原书的引书内容、编撰方法进行研究,从而了解15世纪时朝鲜对中国医书的选择倾向,分析原书的编撰方法,在此基础上最后阐述《医方类聚》所具有的重要文献史料价值,并以分析仲景文献为例加以印证。全文主要内容如下：
1.《医方类聚》成书背景研究
本章从朝鲜医学的发展、中朝医学的交流、朝鲜统治者的重视三个方面分析了《医方类聚》成书的历史背景。研究认为,原书是朝鲜医学长期发展达到一定水平和阶段的必然产物；中朝两国间的长期交流为《医方类聚》的编撰提供了大量的素材；朝鲜世宗对医药事业的重视,直接促成了《医方类聚》的诞生
2.《医方类聚》参编人员研究
《医方类聚》是一部凝聚了大量人力物力的医学巨著。据初步统计,参与原书编撰、监修、校正、刊印的主要人员多达20人,相关参与者亦为数不少。为了对参编人员及其特点有更深入的认识,本章以编撰、监修、校正、刊印之序分别予以介绍。
《医方类聚》的编撰人员共10人,分别是：集贤殿副校理金礼蒙、著作郎柳诚源、司直闵普和、集贤殿直提学金汶、辛硕祖、副校理李芮、承文院校理金守温、医官全循义、崔闰、金有智。其中文官7人,医官3人。.且10位编撰人员中有6人为进士或进士以上出身,均具有较高的文化水平,这为原书的编撰提供了基本保障。文中分别研究总结了他们的生平及主要经历,并用表格方式总结了其主要参与的重要事件。
《医方类聚》的监修人员,包括世宗的第三子安平大君李瑢、都承旨李思哲、右副承旨李师纯、佥知中枢院事卢重礼等人。参与监修的4位均是高官显爵,其中3位官员均在正三品以上,李瑢的王子身份更显尊贵,在参与书籍编撰或者翻译工作时,大多为监督职责。由此笔者推测,世宗命其参与监修,更多的可能是表示朝廷对该工作的重视。此类皇亲与政府要员监修《医方类聚》的安排,也充分体现出世宗个人对医书编撰的重视。
《医方类聚》的校正人员的主要为行大护军梁诚之。梁氏字纯夫,号讷斋,原籍南原,赠议政府右赞成梁九畴之子。世宗二十三年(1441)中进士、生员,又中文科第二人。官至工曹判书、知中枢府事,被封为南原君。曾参与编撰多种实录,著作甚多,不胜枚举。因其学识渊博,涉猎广泛,包括了地理、历史、文学、医学、政治、刑罚等众多领域,故足以胜任校正一职。
《医方类聚》的刊印人员主要有西平君韩继禧、左参赞任元浚、行护军权攒、监印官柳湑、白受禧等。文中考证分析了各自的生平经历,并对其性格特点加以评价。研究认为：正因为有如此实力雄厚的人员队伍,才可能编撰出对后世产生重大影响的《医方类聚》。
3.《医方类聚》的成书和流传
本章通过对相关历史资料的分析梳理,介绍了《医方类聚》的成书、流传以及现存状况。《医方类聚》由朝鲜世宗下令编撰,始于世宗二十五年(1443),历时3年,于世宗二十七年(1445)完成,当时并未立即刻印。世祖五年(1459),朝鲜政府决定对《医方类聚》进行校正,选择行大护军梁诚之全面负责。经过18年的艰苦工作,终于在成宗八年(1477)完成校正,并于同年刻印出30帙。后日本于文禄元年(1592)至庆长三年(1598)间发动侵略朝鲜的战争,期间将1部《医方类聚》作为战利品掠夺回日本,前后曾收藏于仙台医工藤平助家、江户医学馆、大学东校典籍局、浅草书库、上野帝国博物馆等地,最后辗转珍藏于宫内厅书陵部。《医方类聚》收藏于江户医学馆期间,汉方名医喜多村直宽组织力量对其进行复刻,于文久元年(1861)完成,这便是著名的文久元年本《医方类聚》。后该版《医方类聚》通过日本使节赠与朝鲜,又于1965年由韩国东洋医科大学(庆熙大学校医科大学)校长李钟奎组织组织力量将其整理出版。同年李钟奎将此书赠与台湾李焕之,于1979年缩小影印出版。
中国大陆方面,1981年以浙江省中医研究所盛增秀为首的国内学者对文久元年本《医方类聚》进行了点校,由人民卫生出版社出版；2002年中国文化研究会和北京九州出版社制作出版了与原版等大的影印本；2006年,浙江省中医药研究院对1981年点校本进行了重校,由人民卫生出版社出版发行了该书的重校本,并增加索引一册。
4.《医方类聚》主要内容研究
《医方类聚》辑录了152部中国医书和1部朝鲜医书,本章首先对所引医书进行了统计分析,结论认为：从朝代归属看,原书引用了从先秦时期至明初约2000年的152部中国医书,以宋金元代医书为最多；从学科分类看,引书涉及从基础理论到临床应用多个学科,其中方书是引用最多的种类；从引用频次看,被引用次数50次以上的医书有42中,其中方书最多,有33种。综合以上研究,可以表明宋金元时期的方书是《医方类聚》主要引用的著作。
在对被引医籍进行研究的同时,发现《伤寒发微论》、《伤寒医鉴》、《伤寒心要》和《伤寒心要余论》4部医书内容虽被原书引用,书名却未在引书目录中列出；而另有31部书籍内容未被发现正式引用,书名却被列入了引书目录。
之后文中又以“诸淋门”作为示例,对《医方类聚》的编撰方法进行了研究,主要包括正文和注文二部分。正文部分的编撰是引用相关内容之前,先列书名,然后以该书内容承接其后。对于某一具体门类,其编撰方式大体是首述该门类疾病的相关理论,包括概述、病因病机、证候特征、辨证论治、医案等内容,其次罗列本门类疾病所对应的方药,最后介绍禁忌和其他疗法,包括食疗、针灸与导引。注文部分主要分布在方药方面,内容主要介绍了不同版本的记载区别,在校勘学方面有一定参考意义。
5.《医方类聚》的文献史料价值研究
《医方类聚》所引用的152部中国书籍,从目前中国的保存状况而言大体可以分为3类,即：第一,仍然流传于世；第二,保存残缺不全；第三,亡佚不存。对于大部分在中国有所流传的书籍,《医方类聚》所保存的版本具备一定的参考价值,而后二种情况也可以不同程度地依靠《医方类聚》进行补遗和重辑,这是《医方类聚》文献价值较突出的重要体现。
之后通过对原书中所引仲景文献文字资料的进一步分析,更加印证了《医方类聚》所具有的文献史料价值。分析发现《医方类聚》中使用《注解伤寒论》替代了《伤寒论》原书；《医方类聚》所引用的《金匮方》应当是和邓珍本《金匮要略》同源的传本。还发现《金匮方》的部分内容被《医方类聚》多次引用,同时还有部分内容文字未被《医方类聚》引用。
6.结论
(1)《医方类聚》的成书与朝鲜医学的发展、中朝医学的交流、朝鲜统治者的重视等多种因素有关。
(2)《医方类聚》参编人员可分为编撰、监修、校正、刊印四类。
(3)《医方类聚》引书中以宋金元时期的方书为多。
(4)《医方类聚》具有重要的文献史料价值,可以用来校勘、补辑、重辑古医籍。
(5)《医方类聚》在编撰中使用《注解伤寒论》代替了《伤寒论》。
(6)编撰《医方类聚》时使用的《金匮方》与邓珍本《金匮要略》为同源版本
总之,《医方类聚》体面了汇聚医方集大成的特点,是一部融合中国15世纪医学成果的类书
Euibangyoochuiis a large medical book which was compiledby civilian and medical officers according to the order of the4th King Sejong (1418-1450) in the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910). It started at King Sejong25years (1443), which took three years to complete, in Seongjong eight years (1477) engraved30. Euibangyoochuicited153Sino-Korean medicine books, which152is the ancient Chinese medical books. These books dating from the pre-Qin period until the early Ming Dynasty, spanning about2,000years of history. The book contains up to9.5million words and more than50,000prescriptions, which is compared to the Pu Ji Fang of Ming Dynasty.
Further study of Euibangyoochui is few in China and abroad.Therefore, the paper will use the research methods of history, sociology to explore the writing background, construction and characteristics of the compilers, writing,circulating progress and existing situation of Euibangyoochui. Study the content and compilation methods to Euibangyoochui by using the bibliography, statistics, bibliology, text comparison, research, to understand the favor of Joseon Dynasty in the15th century Korean in chosing Chinese medical books, analysis compiling method of Euibangyoochui. At last elaboratethe important literature and historical value of Euibangyoochui on this basis, and to analyze the Zhongjing literature as an example. Major elements of full text as the following:
1.Study of the writing background of Euibangyoochui
This chapter analysised the historical writing background of the book on three aspects:the development of the Korean medical, medical exchanges in China and the Joseon Dynasty, the the Korean rulers' attention to Euibangyoochui. The studies suggest that Euibangyoochui was the inevitable product of Korean medical reaching a certain level and stage of the long-term development, exchanges between China and the Joseon Dynasty of the Korean Medical provides a lot of material for the compilation of Euibangyoochui; Sejong's attention to the pharmaceutical industry, directly contributed to the birth of Euibangyoochui.
2. Study of the senate staff of Euibangyoochui
Euibangyoochui is a medical masterpiece of a lot of manpower and material resources. According to preliminary statistics, the main participator of compile, superintend, revise and print was up to20people, and there are many relevant participants. In order to get more in-depth understanding of the senate staff and its characteristics, this chapter introduced as follows compile, superintend, revise and print. Staff of compilation is a total of10people, they were:Jixian temple vice-Jiaoli Jin Limeng, Zhuzuolang Liu Chengyuan, Sizhi Min Puhe, Jixian temple Zhitixue Jin Wen, Xin Shuozu, vice-Jiaoli Li Rui, Chengwen institutions Jiaoli Jin Shouwen, medical officer Quan Xunyi, Cui Run, Jin Youzhi. Which civil officers are7and medical officers are3.10compilers6jinshi and more, have a higher cultural level, which provide the basic guarantee for the compilation of Euibangyoochui. The paper studied the life and main experience of them, mainly involved in the important events and summarize in tabular form.
Supervisor staff included the Sejong the third prince Anpingdajun Li Rong, Duchengzhi Li Sizhe, Youfuchengzhi Li Shichun, Jianzhizhongshuyuanshi Lu Zhongli et al. The4Supervisor are at high rank, three officials in three product or moremore, Li Rong' prince identity was more noble.He involved in the the books compilation or translation work, mostly supervisory duties. Thus, anthor speculated Sejong ordered their participation Superintend more may be said that the attention of the court this work. Such royalty and government officials superintend Euibangyoochui arrangements, but also fully embodies the the Sejong personal attention of medical books compiled.
Euibangyoochui correction personnel was mainly Xingdahujun Liang Chengzhi words Sumio, number Ne vegetarian, Namwon origin, gifts Uijeongbu right in favor of areas of the sub-beam9. Sejong23years (1441) Scholars, students by the Chinese Language. The official to workers Cao sentenced book, knowing the matter of the central government, has been called the South Yuanjun. Has been involved in the preparation of a variety of Record, the writings of many, too numerous to mention. Because of its knowledgeable, broad, including many fields of geography, history, literature, medicine, politics, penalties, so adequate correction post.
Of publication of staff of Euibangyoochui Xiping, Jun Han Jixi left Counsellor Ren Yuan Chun line Hujun right to save, supervisor Indian officer the willow Xushuihe, white by Jubilee. Text textual analysis of their own life experiences, and character traits to be evaluated. Research: is so strong staff team compiled a significant impact on future generations,"the medical side, poly.
3.Writting and spread of Euibangyoochui
Combing through the analysis of relevant historical data, this chapter describes Euibangyoochui into a book, and spread, as well as the existing situation. Medical side class poly "compiled by the Korean King Sejong ordered, began Sejong25years (1443), lasted for three years, at Sejong27years (1445) to complete, was not immediately stamped. The generation ancestor five years (1459), the Korean government decided on Euibangyoochui correction's largest Hujun Liang Cheng overall responsibility for. After18years of hard work, and finally into the cases of eight years (1477) to complete the correction, and engraved in the same year30/hi. After Japan Wen Lu first year (1592) to celebrate the long years (1598) between launch a war of aggression against the Joseon Dynasty, during a medical side clustering looted as war booty back to Japan before and after collection in the Sendai Medical Kudo Heisuke home had, Edo Medical Museum, University of I Cast school classics Bureau, the stacks of Asakusa, Ueno Empire Museum, and finally removed are collected in the book Mausoleum Ministry of the Imperial Household Agency."Medical side class poly" collection during the Edo Medical Pavilion, Kampo doctors Kita village straight wide organization force them engraved in the text for a long time the first year (1861) to complete, which is well-known text as long as the first year of Euibangyoochui." After the version of the "medical side clustering gift through the Japanese envoys to North Korea, in1965, by the Korea Japan Medical (school Kyunghee Medical) President Li Zhongkui Organization forces to be compiled and published. The same year, Li Zhongkui book gift Taiwan Li Huanzhi, the reduced copy published in1979.
Mainland China, Sheng Zengxiu Zhejiang Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in1981, led by domestic scholars on the text for a long time the first year of this medical side class poly "point school, published by the People's Health Publishing House; Chinese Culture Research Association in2002and Beijing Jiuzhou Publishing community produced a publication with a photocopy of the original, etc.;2006, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine recalibration of1981points, school-based book of heavy school-based, published by the People's Health Publishing House, and to increase the index of one.
4.Study of the main content of Euibangyoochui
"Euibangyoochui" featuring152Chinese medical books and a Korean medical books, chapter first statistical analysis cited medical books, concluded that the: from dynastic attribution of view, Euibangyoochui references from the Qin Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty about2000152Chinese medical books, medical books of Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasty up; from the disciplines Classification see, cit. involving multiple disciplines from basic theory to clinical application, which side of the book is the most cited species; see from the reference frequency, was cited50times more than42medical books the square book up,33. Based on the above studies, during the Song, Jin and Yuan Fang book Euibangyoochui referenced writings. Found typhoid hair micro'study in the medical books cited, typhoid Yi Jian ", the typhoid heart" and "typhoid heart to be more than' four medical books. Though Euibangyoochui, but the title is not listed in the directory. cit; Another31books undiscovered formal reference to the title but was included in the directory of the cit. The turned "Zhu shower door" as an example, the study of the Euibangyoochui compilation method, mainly including text and Note text. Body part of the preparation of reference before the column title, the and undertake subsequent book content. For a specific category, its compilation is generally the first-mentioned disease theory of the categories, including the content of the overview of the etiology and pathogenesis of the syndrome characteristics, diagnosis and treatment, medical case, followed by a list of the categories of diseases corresponding prescription, Finally taboos and other therapies, including diet, acupuncture and guided. Note the text portion of the main distribution in Recipe aspects, introduces the distinction of the different versions of the records, in Textual Criticism.
5.Study of the documents and historical material value of Euibangyoochui
"Euibangyoochui152books, references from the save can be roughly divided into three categories, namely:the first still spread in the world; Second, save incomplete; Third, death Yi does not exist. For most of the books has been circulating in China,"Euibangyoochui saved version has certain reference value, the latter two kinds of varying degrees can also rely on Euibangyoochui addendum and re Series, which medical side clustering literature value than an important manifestation. After further analysis of the cited the/hongjing literature text data of Euibangyoochui, more literature confirms Euihangyoochui has historical value. The analysis found that "medical side class poly annotation Treatise on" alternative "Treatise on Euibangyoochui; medical side clustering" the reference to the "Golden Fang and Deng rare" Golden Chamber "homologous pass this. Also found that poly "part of the" Golden Fang "medical side, repeatedly quoted, along with part of the contents of the text has not been" Euibangyoochui "reference.
6Conclusion
(1) Euibcingyoochui's boring was related to the development of Korean medicine, medical exchanges in China and the Joseon Dynasty, the Korean rulers' attention on a variety of factors.
(2) Euihangyoochui senate can be divided into4types: compile, superintend, revise and print.
(3) Euibangyoochui most citing book are Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties prescription books.
(4) Euibangyoochui has important literature and historical value, can be used to collation, Complete Collection, re-compile of ancient medical books.
(5) Euibangyoochui used Treatise on Febrile Disease will; Notes instead of Trealise on Febrile Diseases.
(6) Synopsis of Golden Chamber compiled in Euibangyoochui has a same source with Deng/hen edition.
In short, Euihangyoochui embodies the characteristics of the aggregation master of medical side, is a fusion of15th centurv medical achievements class book.
目前国内外对《医方类聚》进行深入研究者较少,因此,本文将利用历史学、社会学等研究方法,探讨《医方类聚》的成书背景、参编人员的构成及特点,梳理原书的成书过程、流传经过和现存状况。利用目录学、统计学、版本学、文字比较学等思路对原书的引书内容、编撰方法进行研究,从而了解15世纪时朝鲜对中国医书的选择倾向,分析原书的编撰方法,在此基础上最后阐述《医方类聚》所具有的重要文献史料价值,并以分析仲景文献为例加以印证。全文主要内容如下：
1.《医方类聚》成书背景研究
本章从朝鲜医学的发展、中朝医学的交流、朝鲜统治者的重视三个方面分析了《医方类聚》成书的历史背景。研究认为,原书是朝鲜医学长期发展达到一定水平和阶段的必然产物；中朝两国间的长期交流为《医方类聚》的编撰提供了大量的素材；朝鲜世宗对医药事业的重视,直接促成了《医方类聚》的诞生
2.《医方类聚》参编人员研究
《医方类聚》是一部凝聚了大量人力物力的医学巨著。据初步统计,参与原书编撰、监修、校正、刊印的主要人员多达20人,相关参与者亦为数不少。为了对参编人员及其特点有更深入的认识,本章以编撰、监修、校正、刊印之序分别予以介绍。
《医方类聚》的编撰人员共10人,分别是：集贤殿副校理金礼蒙、著作郎柳诚源、司直闵普和、集贤殿直提学金汶、辛硕祖、副校理李芮、承文院校理金守温、医官全循义、崔闰、金有智。其中文官7人,医官3人。.且10位编撰人员中有6人为进士或进士以上出身,均具有较高的文化水平,这为原书的编撰提供了基本保障。文中分别研究总结了他们的生平及主要经历,并用表格方式总结了其主要参与的重要事件。
《医方类聚》的监修人员,包括世宗的第三子安平大君李瑢、都承旨李思哲、右副承旨李师纯、佥知中枢院事卢重礼等人。参与监修的4位均是高官显爵,其中3位官员均在正三品以上,李瑢的王子身份更显尊贵,在参与书籍编撰或者翻译工作时,大多为监督职责。由此笔者推测,世宗命其参与监修,更多的可能是表示朝廷对该工作的重视。此类皇亲与政府要员监修《医方类聚》的安排,也充分体现出世宗个人对医书编撰的重视。
《医方类聚》的校正人员的主要为行大护军梁诚之。梁氏字纯夫,号讷斋,原籍南原,赠议政府右赞成梁九畴之子。世宗二十三年(1441)中进士、生员,又中文科第二人。官至工曹判书、知中枢府事,被封为南原君。曾参与编撰多种实录,著作甚多,不胜枚举。因其学识渊博,涉猎广泛,包括了地理、历史、文学、医学、政治、刑罚等众多领域,故足以胜任校正一职。
《医方类聚》的刊印人员主要有西平君韩继禧、左参赞任元浚、行护军权攒、监印官柳湑、白受禧等。文中考证分析了各自的生平经历,并对其性格特点加以评价。研究认为：正因为有如此实力雄厚的人员队伍,才可能编撰出对后世产生重大影响的《医方类聚》。
3.《医方类聚》的成书和流传
本章通过对相关历史资料的分析梳理,介绍了《医方类聚》的成书、流传以及现存状况。《医方类聚》由朝鲜世宗下令编撰,始于世宗二十五年(1443),历时3年,于世宗二十七年(1445)完成,当时并未立即刻印。世祖五年(1459),朝鲜政府决定对《医方类聚》进行校正,选择行大护军梁诚之全面负责。经过18年的艰苦工作,终于在成宗八年(1477)完成校正,并于同年刻印出30帙。后日本于文禄元年(1592)至庆长三年(1598)间发动侵略朝鲜的战争,期间将1部《医方类聚》作为战利品掠夺回日本,前后曾收藏于仙台医工藤平助家、江户医学馆、大学东校典籍局、浅草书库、上野帝国博物馆等地,最后辗转珍藏于宫内厅书陵部。《医方类聚》收藏于江户医学馆期间,汉方名医喜多村直宽组织力量对其进行复刻,于文久元年(1861)完成,这便是著名的文久元年本《医方类聚》。后该版《医方类聚》通过日本使节赠与朝鲜,又于1965年由韩国东洋医科大学(庆熙大学校医科大学)校长李钟奎组织组织力量将其整理出版。同年李钟奎将此书赠与台湾李焕之,于1979年缩小影印出版。
中国大陆方面,1981年以浙江省中医研究所盛增秀为首的国内学者对文久元年本《医方类聚》进行了点校,由人民卫生出版社出版；2002年中国文化研究会和北京九州出版社制作出版了与原版等大的影印本；2006年,浙江省中医药研究院对1981年点校本进行了重校,由人民卫生出版社出版发行了该书的重校本,并增加索引一册。
4.《医方类聚》主要内容研究
《医方类聚》辑录了152部中国医书和1部朝鲜医书,本章首先对所引医书进行了统计分析,结论认为：从朝代归属看,原书引用了从先秦时期至明初约2000年的152部中国医书,以宋金元代医书为最多；从学科分类看,引书涉及从基础理论到临床应用多个学科,其中方书是引用最多的种类；从引用频次看,被引用次数50次以上的医书有42中,其中方书最多,有33种。综合以上研究,可以表明宋金元时期的方书是《医方类聚》主要引用的著作。
在对被引医籍进行研究的同时,发现《伤寒发微论》、《伤寒医鉴》、《伤寒心要》和《伤寒心要余论》4部医书内容虽被原书引用,书名却未在引书目录中列出；而另有31部书籍内容未被发现正式引用,书名却被列入了引书目录。
之后文中又以“诸淋门”作为示例,对《医方类聚》的编撰方法进行了研究,主要包括正文和注文二部分。正文部分的编撰是引用相关内容之前,先列书名,然后以该书内容承接其后。对于某一具体门类,其编撰方式大体是首述该门类疾病的相关理论,包括概述、病因病机、证候特征、辨证论治、医案等内容,其次罗列本门类疾病所对应的方药,最后介绍禁忌和其他疗法,包括食疗、针灸与导引。注文部分主要分布在方药方面,内容主要介绍了不同版本的记载区别,在校勘学方面有一定参考意义。
5.《医方类聚》的文献史料价值研究
《医方类聚》所引用的152部中国书籍,从目前中国的保存状况而言大体可以分为3类,即：第一,仍然流传于世；第二,保存残缺不全；第三,亡佚不存。对于大部分在中国有所流传的书籍,《医方类聚》所保存的版本具备一定的参考价值,而后二种情况也可以不同程度地依靠《医方类聚》进行补遗和重辑,这是《医方类聚》文献价值较突出的重要体现。
之后通过对原书中所引仲景文献文字资料的进一步分析,更加印证了《医方类聚》所具有的文献史料价值。分析发现《医方类聚》中使用《注解伤寒论》替代了《伤寒论》原书；《医方类聚》所引用的《金匮方》应当是和邓珍本《金匮要略》同源的传本。还发现《金匮方》的部分内容被《医方类聚》多次引用,同时还有部分内容文字未被《医方类聚》引用。
6.结论
(1)《医方类聚》的成书与朝鲜医学的发展、中朝医学的交流、朝鲜统治者的重视等多种因素有关。
(2)《医方类聚》参编人员可分为编撰、监修、校正、刊印四类。
(3)《医方类聚》引书中以宋金元时期的方书为多。
(4)《医方类聚》具有重要的文献史料价值,可以用来校勘、补辑、重辑古医籍。
(5)《医方类聚》在编撰中使用《注解伤寒论》代替了《伤寒论》。
(6)编撰《医方类聚》时使用的《金匮方》与邓珍本《金匮要略》为同源版本
总之,《医方类聚》体面了汇聚医方集大成的特点,是一部融合中国15世纪医学成果的类书
Euibangyoochuiis a large medical book which was compiledby civilian and medical officers according to the order of the4th King Sejong (1418-1450) in the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910). It started at King Sejong25years (1443), which took three years to complete, in Seongjong eight years (1477) engraved30. Euibangyoochuicited153Sino-Korean medicine books, which152is the ancient Chinese medical books. These books dating from the pre-Qin period until the early Ming Dynasty, spanning about2,000years of history. The book contains up to9.5million words and more than50,000prescriptions, which is compared to the Pu Ji Fang of Ming Dynasty.
Further study of Euibangyoochui is few in China and abroad.Therefore, the paper will use the research methods of history, sociology to explore the writing background, construction and characteristics of the compilers, writing,circulating progress and existing situation of Euibangyoochui. Study the content and compilation methods to Euibangyoochui by using the bibliography, statistics, bibliology, text comparison, research, to understand the favor of Joseon Dynasty in the15th century Korean in chosing Chinese medical books, analysis compiling method of Euibangyoochui. At last elaboratethe important literature and historical value of Euibangyoochui on this basis, and to analyze the Zhongjing literature as an example. Major elements of full text as the following:
1.Study of the writing background of Euibangyoochui
This chapter analysised the historical writing background of the book on three aspects:the development of the Korean medical, medical exchanges in China and the Joseon Dynasty, the the Korean rulers' attention to Euibangyoochui. The studies suggest that Euibangyoochui was the inevitable product of Korean medical reaching a certain level and stage of the long-term development, exchanges between China and the Joseon Dynasty of the Korean Medical provides a lot of material for the compilation of Euibangyoochui; Sejong's attention to the pharmaceutical industry, directly contributed to the birth of Euibangyoochui.
2. Study of the senate staff of Euibangyoochui
Euibangyoochui is a medical masterpiece of a lot of manpower and material resources. According to preliminary statistics, the main participator of compile, superintend, revise and print was up to20people, and there are many relevant participants. In order to get more in-depth understanding of the senate staff and its characteristics, this chapter introduced as follows compile, superintend, revise and print. Staff of compilation is a total of10people, they were:Jixian temple vice-Jiaoli Jin Limeng, Zhuzuolang Liu Chengyuan, Sizhi Min Puhe, Jixian temple Zhitixue Jin Wen, Xin Shuozu, vice-Jiaoli Li Rui, Chengwen institutions Jiaoli Jin Shouwen, medical officer Quan Xunyi, Cui Run, Jin Youzhi. Which civil officers are7and medical officers are3.10compilers6jinshi and more, have a higher cultural level, which provide the basic guarantee for the compilation of Euibangyoochui. The paper studied the life and main experience of them, mainly involved in the important events and summarize in tabular form.
Supervisor staff included the Sejong the third prince Anpingdajun Li Rong, Duchengzhi Li Sizhe, Youfuchengzhi Li Shichun, Jianzhizhongshuyuanshi Lu Zhongli et al. The4Supervisor are at high rank, three officials in three product or moremore, Li Rong' prince identity was more noble.He involved in the the books compilation or translation work, mostly supervisory duties. Thus, anthor speculated Sejong ordered their participation Superintend more may be said that the attention of the court this work. Such royalty and government officials superintend Euibangyoochui arrangements, but also fully embodies the the Sejong personal attention of medical books compiled.
Euibangyoochui correction personnel was mainly Xingdahujun Liang Chengzhi words Sumio, number Ne vegetarian, Namwon origin, gifts Uijeongbu right in favor of areas of the sub-beam9. Sejong23years (1441) Scholars, students by the Chinese Language. The official to workers Cao sentenced book, knowing the matter of the central government, has been called the South Yuanjun. Has been involved in the preparation of a variety of Record, the writings of many, too numerous to mention. Because of its knowledgeable, broad, including many fields of geography, history, literature, medicine, politics, penalties, so adequate correction post.
Of publication of staff of Euibangyoochui Xiping, Jun Han Jixi left Counsellor Ren Yuan Chun line Hujun right to save, supervisor Indian officer the willow Xushuihe, white by Jubilee. Text textual analysis of their own life experiences, and character traits to be evaluated. Research: is so strong staff team compiled a significant impact on future generations,"the medical side, poly.
3.Writting and spread of Euibangyoochui
Combing through the analysis of relevant historical data, this chapter describes Euibangyoochui into a book, and spread, as well as the existing situation. Medical side class poly "compiled by the Korean King Sejong ordered, began Sejong25years (1443), lasted for three years, at Sejong27years (1445) to complete, was not immediately stamped. The generation ancestor five years (1459), the Korean government decided on Euibangyoochui correction's largest Hujun Liang Cheng overall responsibility for. After18years of hard work, and finally into the cases of eight years (1477) to complete the correction, and engraved in the same year30/hi. After Japan Wen Lu first year (1592) to celebrate the long years (1598) between launch a war of aggression against the Joseon Dynasty, during a medical side clustering looted as war booty back to Japan before and after collection in the Sendai Medical Kudo Heisuke home had, Edo Medical Museum, University of I Cast school classics Bureau, the stacks of Asakusa, Ueno Empire Museum, and finally removed are collected in the book Mausoleum Ministry of the Imperial Household Agency."Medical side class poly" collection during the Edo Medical Pavilion, Kampo doctors Kita village straight wide organization force them engraved in the text for a long time the first year (1861) to complete, which is well-known text as long as the first year of Euibangyoochui." After the version of the "medical side clustering gift through the Japanese envoys to North Korea, in1965, by the Korea Japan Medical (school Kyunghee Medical) President Li Zhongkui Organization forces to be compiled and published. The same year, Li Zhongkui book gift Taiwan Li Huanzhi, the reduced copy published in1979.
Mainland China, Sheng Zengxiu Zhejiang Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine in1981, led by domestic scholars on the text for a long time the first year of this medical side class poly "point school, published by the People's Health Publishing House; Chinese Culture Research Association in2002and Beijing Jiuzhou Publishing community produced a publication with a photocopy of the original, etc.;2006, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine recalibration of1981points, school-based book of heavy school-based, published by the People's Health Publishing House, and to increase the index of one.
4.Study of the main content of Euibangyoochui
"Euibangyoochui" featuring152Chinese medical books and a Korean medical books, chapter first statistical analysis cited medical books, concluded that the: from dynastic attribution of view, Euibangyoochui references from the Qin Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty about2000152Chinese medical books, medical books of Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasty up; from the disciplines Classification see, cit. involving multiple disciplines from basic theory to clinical application, which side of the book is the most cited species; see from the reference frequency, was cited50times more than42medical books the square book up,33. Based on the above studies, during the Song, Jin and Yuan Fang book Euibangyoochui referenced writings. Found typhoid hair micro'study in the medical books cited, typhoid Yi Jian ", the typhoid heart" and "typhoid heart to be more than' four medical books. Though Euibangyoochui, but the title is not listed in the directory. cit; Another31books undiscovered formal reference to the title but was included in the directory of the cit. The turned "Zhu shower door" as an example, the study of the Euibangyoochui compilation method, mainly including text and Note text. Body part of the preparation of reference before the column title, the and undertake subsequent book content. For a specific category, its compilation is generally the first-mentioned disease theory of the categories, including the content of the overview of the etiology and pathogenesis of the syndrome characteristics, diagnosis and treatment, medical case, followed by a list of the categories of diseases corresponding prescription, Finally taboos and other therapies, including diet, acupuncture and guided. Note the text portion of the main distribution in Recipe aspects, introduces the distinction of the different versions of the records, in Textual Criticism.
5.Study of the documents and historical material value of Euibangyoochui
"Euibangyoochui152books, references from the save can be roughly divided into three categories, namely:the first still spread in the world; Second, save incomplete; Third, death Yi does not exist. For most of the books has been circulating in China,"Euibangyoochui saved version has certain reference value, the latter two kinds of varying degrees can also rely on Euibangyoochui addendum and re Series, which medical side clustering literature value than an important manifestation. After further analysis of the cited the/hongjing literature text data of Euibangyoochui, more literature confirms Euihangyoochui has historical value. The analysis found that "medical side class poly annotation Treatise on" alternative "Treatise on Euibangyoochui; medical side clustering" the reference to the "Golden Fang and Deng rare" Golden Chamber "homologous pass this. Also found that poly "part of the" Golden Fang "medical side, repeatedly quoted, along with part of the contents of the text has not been" Euibangyoochui "reference.
6Conclusion
(1) Euibcingyoochui's boring was related to the development of Korean medicine, medical exchanges in China and the Joseon Dynasty, the Korean rulers' attention on a variety of factors.
(2) Euihangyoochui senate can be divided into4types: compile, superintend, revise and print.
(3) Euibangyoochui most citing book are Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties prescription books.
(4) Euibangyoochui has important literature and historical value, can be used to collation, Complete Collection, re-compile of ancient medical books.
(5) Euibangyoochui used Treatise on Febrile Disease will; Notes instead of Trealise on Febrile Diseases.
(6) Synopsis of Golden Chamber compiled in Euibangyoochui has a same source with Deng/hen edition.
In short, Euihangyoochui embodies the characteristics of the aggregation master of medical side, is a fusion of15th centurv medical achievements class book.
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