地理信息标准化系统管理和标准模块化研究
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摘要
迄今为止,国内外地理信息标准化建设和研究已取得了长足进展,国内外专家学者在地理信息标准化建设模型方法、共享与互操作技术标准、概念模式的描述、标准一致性测试、地理信息数据标准、地理信息应用服务标准、地理信息标准依存主体等方面已经取得一定成果,但是对标准化系统合理高效管理的研究尚不多见。对于地理信息标准化这一有特定目标的社会活动而言,运用系统工程组织管理、开展工作,对地理信息标准内部各要素之间的关系及其同外部环境间的关系进行协调,有利于加快地理信息标准理论研究和标准建设的速度,取得尽可能大的社会经济效应。此外,全球性产业结构的改变既给标准化工作带来了挑战也带来了新的发展机遇,模块化作为适用于解决复杂系统问题的创新概念,日益受到国内外学者和产业部门重视。目前经济社会发展形势和我国的基本国情决定了必须把科技创新作为国家发展战略,地理信息标准化建设面临着技术革命的挑战,因此探讨信息时代地理信息标准化的高级形式——“‘模块化”的建设,在一定程度上具备科研创新和前沿意义。
本文在对标准化研究进展、国内外地理信息标准化研究情况进行分析的基础上,根据我国地理信息标准化系统建设的的需求,从系统学、管理学的角度,综合应用协同理论、信息科学、战略分析、控制理论、心理学等方法手段,对地理信息标准化系统、地理信息标准系统、地理信息标准化工作系统进行了建设和管理的研究分析,把经济学中的模块化理论引入地理信息标准化中,并以数字深圳空间基础信息平台标准化系统工程建设为实例进行验证研究。既从理论上研究了标准化系统工程、模块化的管理方式、过程,又从实践中构建了具有普适性的模块化视角标准体系,制定了有效的标准化工作管理流程。
1、运用系统工程科学,通过对标准化系统工程内涵的分析,界定了地理信息标准化系统工程的概念和范围。由于依存主体是地理信息标准系统和标准化工作系统赖以存在、服务及约束的对象,没有必要也无法独立出来进行管理分析,因此本文对地理信息标准化系统管理的研究主要体现在整体的标准化系统、标准系统(体系)、标准化工作系统上,对这几者的管理研究过程也处处体现了对地理信息标准化系统依存主体的管理。
2、运用战略分析方法、目标树方法、目标手段分析方法、心理学分析等对地理信息标准化系统进行了环境分析、目标和结构分析、定性定量分析。制定了标准发展战略,提出了地理信息标准化系统工程总体建设目标。
3、从数据维度、技术维度、管理维度三个方面,结合逻辑、物理、人的视角提出了地理信息标准系统的分目标,从工作流程的角度,制定了形成地理空间数据共建共享和持续运行的长效机制的地理信息标准化工作系统建设分目标,从理论主体、实践主体和技术主体三个角度制定了包括地理信息技术及其应用形式、空间结构层次、工程项目、研究项目等体现形式在内的地理信息标准化系统依存主体的分建设目标。
4、从心理学中人类解决问题过程的角度,对地理信息标准化系统进行了定性分析,制定出了地理信息标准化“目标-手段”系统架构,构建了系统要素二元相关矩阵以对平行方向的要素关系进行分析,构建了标准化系统评价指标体系以分析系统内部阶层性关系。
5、界定了地理信息标准系统管理原理和方法,针对地理信息标准系统和我国标准化工作的特点,运用系统效应原理、结构优化原理和有序原理有效处理地理信息标准系统发展过程中的各种矛盾,充分发挥系统功能,促进地理信息标准系统的健康发展。
6、从计算机支持协同工作流的角度,分析了地理信息标准化协同工作流管理需求,构建了基于协同的工作流参考模型、工作流管理系统体系结构,制定了协同工作流管理过程,从反馈控制、数据质量控制两个方面研究了地理信息标准化工作系统的运行控制管理。
7、从广义模块化的角度界定了地理信息标准工作系统模块化的内涵,按照“设计模块化→生产模块化→组织模块化”三位一体的分析思路,重点探索了地理信息标准化系统的模块化研究。
8、以数字深圳空间基础信息平台标准化系统建设为例,将研究分析的标准化系统、标准系统、标准化工作系统、模块化等理论、建模应用到实例中。从模块化视角详细研究了标准系统的划分和建设,从数字深圳空间基础信息平台标准化工作系统的角度对管理体制、组织结构、运行维护机制进行了研究。
The construction of domestic and international geographic information standardization system has recently experienced a great deal of progress. However, research on effective management geographic information standardization system remains uncommon. Particularly, geographic information standardization system has seen some key advances in the fields of (1) modeling technologies, (2) technical standards of information sharing and interoperability, (3) conceptual model descriptions, (4) standard conformance tests, (5) geographic information data standard, (6) geographic information application service standard, and (7)geographic information standard dependent context.
The system engineering method is designed to harmonize mathematical relations between the internal elements within a geographic information standard system and the relvant external environments. Thus, output parameters are helpful to improve geographic information standard theory research as well as to determine the social and economic effects of standard construction. In turn, changes in global industrial structure create opportunities for the development of new strategies and tools. For example, technologic innovations occurring during the current economic boom have signifincantly improved the field of modularity (a method used in economic sciences to solve complex systems). As an innovative development, geographic information standard system has received much attention from the domestic and international commuties.
Whereas, the present economic boom in China strongly suggests that scientific and technological innovations must become a national priority, research and development face the challenges that come with a new technological revolution. Consequetly, the present age is an ideal time to invest efforts into investigations of the applicabilities that "modularity" techniques have on geographic information standardization system. This research presents the progress experienced by "the standardized" both domestically and overseas. The presented analysis is based on the existing demand for the construction of geographic information standardization system in China. The analyzed data include (1) views of system and management, (2) methods of collaborative theory, (3) information science, (4) strategic analysis, (5) control theory and psychology methods synthetically, (6) the construction and management for geographic information standardization system, and (7) geographical information standard system as well as geographic information system for the standardization work.
The construction of the digital Shenzhen space base information platform standardization system project is an outstanding case study for the application that modularity theory has in geographic information standardization. This research describes the theoretical standardization system engineering as well as the modularity management mode and process. From the modularity perspective the results of this investigation describe the practice of constructing a universal standard system, which implies a great deal of progress in standardization management.
This research implements a methodology based on system engineering science. The geographic information standardization system engineering concepts their scopes are defined by analyzing the connotation of the standardization system engineering. Because the dependent subject forms the basic structural support of geographical information standard system, as well as geographical information standardization work system, it cannot be managed and analysed independently.
Geographic information standardization system management research is primarily embodied within the dependent subject system, standard system, and standardization work system. Research management reflects the management of geographic information standardization system interdependence subject. The geographic information standardization system has the following output methods and analytical results:the strategic analysis method, the target tree method, goal means analysis method, psychologic analysis, the environmental analysis, target and structure analysis, and qualitative and quantitative analysis. Following the analytical output the standard development strategy was implemented and the geographic information standardization system engineering overall construction goal put forward.
To achieve its goals, this research uses the geographical information standard system based on aspects of data dimensions, technology dimension, and management dimension, combined with logic, physics, and human perspective. From a workflow's perspective, I have established the targets of the geographical spatial data sharing and continuous operation of the long-term mechanism of the geographic information standardization system construction. Based on theoretical analyses, this investigation has also studied the geographic information standardization system dependent subject system construction goal of practical subject and technical subject, geographic information technology and its application forms, as well as spatial structure level.
From a psychological perspective, particularly regarding the process of intuitive problem solving, this research analyzes geographic information standardization system for qualitative descripitions, and formulates the geographic information standardization "goal-means" for system architecture. In addition, during this research the binary system elements used for the correlation matrix of the parallel direction has been constructed and analyzed. The evaluation index system for standardization system by analyzing system stratum character connection has been constructed.
From the perspective of the geographic information standard systems and its characteristics in China, this research uses the systematic effect principle, the structure optimization principle, and the orderly principle, in order to define the geographic information standard system management principles and methods. As a result, the development of geographic information standard system has been improved and problems existing in the development processes of geographical information have been correctly handled. From the perspective of collaborative workflow computer support, this research has analyzed the geographic information standardization workflow management requirements. During the progress of the analyitical tasks the collaborative workflow reference model based on workflow management system and system structure have been constructed. In adition, this study formulates the workflow management process, and researches the standardization work system operating control management from the aspects of feedback control and data quality control.
Finally, from the view of generalized modularity, the research defines the geographic information standard working system modularity, according to analysis methods of "designing modularity→producing modularity→organizing modularity". However, the chief focus of this research has been to invesitigate modularity of the geographical information standardization system.
Finally, using digital Shenzhen space information platform standardization system as a case study, this research has invesitigated standardization system, dependent subject system, standard system, standardization work system, modularity theory, applications of modeling, researching the standard system's dividing method and construction contents from the perspective of modularirity, the organizational structure, the operation and maintenance mechanism of the digital Shenzhen space base information platform standardization management system.
本文在对标准化研究进展、国内外地理信息标准化研究情况进行分析的基础上,根据我国地理信息标准化系统建设的的需求,从系统学、管理学的角度,综合应用协同理论、信息科学、战略分析、控制理论、心理学等方法手段,对地理信息标准化系统、地理信息标准系统、地理信息标准化工作系统进行了建设和管理的研究分析,把经济学中的模块化理论引入地理信息标准化中,并以数字深圳空间基础信息平台标准化系统工程建设为实例进行验证研究。既从理论上研究了标准化系统工程、模块化的管理方式、过程,又从实践中构建了具有普适性的模块化视角标准体系,制定了有效的标准化工作管理流程。
1、运用系统工程科学,通过对标准化系统工程内涵的分析,界定了地理信息标准化系统工程的概念和范围。由于依存主体是地理信息标准系统和标准化工作系统赖以存在、服务及约束的对象,没有必要也无法独立出来进行管理分析,因此本文对地理信息标准化系统管理的研究主要体现在整体的标准化系统、标准系统(体系)、标准化工作系统上,对这几者的管理研究过程也处处体现了对地理信息标准化系统依存主体的管理。
2、运用战略分析方法、目标树方法、目标手段分析方法、心理学分析等对地理信息标准化系统进行了环境分析、目标和结构分析、定性定量分析。制定了标准发展战略,提出了地理信息标准化系统工程总体建设目标。
3、从数据维度、技术维度、管理维度三个方面,结合逻辑、物理、人的视角提出了地理信息标准系统的分目标,从工作流程的角度,制定了形成地理空间数据共建共享和持续运行的长效机制的地理信息标准化工作系统建设分目标,从理论主体、实践主体和技术主体三个角度制定了包括地理信息技术及其应用形式、空间结构层次、工程项目、研究项目等体现形式在内的地理信息标准化系统依存主体的分建设目标。
4、从心理学中人类解决问题过程的角度,对地理信息标准化系统进行了定性分析,制定出了地理信息标准化“目标-手段”系统架构,构建了系统要素二元相关矩阵以对平行方向的要素关系进行分析,构建了标准化系统评价指标体系以分析系统内部阶层性关系。
5、界定了地理信息标准系统管理原理和方法,针对地理信息标准系统和我国标准化工作的特点,运用系统效应原理、结构优化原理和有序原理有效处理地理信息标准系统发展过程中的各种矛盾,充分发挥系统功能,促进地理信息标准系统的健康发展。
6、从计算机支持协同工作流的角度,分析了地理信息标准化协同工作流管理需求,构建了基于协同的工作流参考模型、工作流管理系统体系结构,制定了协同工作流管理过程,从反馈控制、数据质量控制两个方面研究了地理信息标准化工作系统的运行控制管理。
7、从广义模块化的角度界定了地理信息标准工作系统模块化的内涵,按照“设计模块化→生产模块化→组织模块化”三位一体的分析思路,重点探索了地理信息标准化系统的模块化研究。
8、以数字深圳空间基础信息平台标准化系统建设为例,将研究分析的标准化系统、标准系统、标准化工作系统、模块化等理论、建模应用到实例中。从模块化视角详细研究了标准系统的划分和建设,从数字深圳空间基础信息平台标准化工作系统的角度对管理体制、组织结构、运行维护机制进行了研究。
The construction of domestic and international geographic information standardization system has recently experienced a great deal of progress. However, research on effective management geographic information standardization system remains uncommon. Particularly, geographic information standardization system has seen some key advances in the fields of (1) modeling technologies, (2) technical standards of information sharing and interoperability, (3) conceptual model descriptions, (4) standard conformance tests, (5) geographic information data standard, (6) geographic information application service standard, and (7)geographic information standard dependent context.
The system engineering method is designed to harmonize mathematical relations between the internal elements within a geographic information standard system and the relvant external environments. Thus, output parameters are helpful to improve geographic information standard theory research as well as to determine the social and economic effects of standard construction. In turn, changes in global industrial structure create opportunities for the development of new strategies and tools. For example, technologic innovations occurring during the current economic boom have signifincantly improved the field of modularity (a method used in economic sciences to solve complex systems). As an innovative development, geographic information standard system has received much attention from the domestic and international commuties.
Whereas, the present economic boom in China strongly suggests that scientific and technological innovations must become a national priority, research and development face the challenges that come with a new technological revolution. Consequetly, the present age is an ideal time to invest efforts into investigations of the applicabilities that "modularity" techniques have on geographic information standardization system. This research presents the progress experienced by "the standardized" both domestically and overseas. The presented analysis is based on the existing demand for the construction of geographic information standardization system in China. The analyzed data include (1) views of system and management, (2) methods of collaborative theory, (3) information science, (4) strategic analysis, (5) control theory and psychology methods synthetically, (6) the construction and management for geographic information standardization system, and (7) geographical information standard system as well as geographic information system for the standardization work.
The construction of the digital Shenzhen space base information platform standardization system project is an outstanding case study for the application that modularity theory has in geographic information standardization. This research describes the theoretical standardization system engineering as well as the modularity management mode and process. From the modularity perspective the results of this investigation describe the practice of constructing a universal standard system, which implies a great deal of progress in standardization management.
This research implements a methodology based on system engineering science. The geographic information standardization system engineering concepts their scopes are defined by analyzing the connotation of the standardization system engineering. Because the dependent subject forms the basic structural support of geographical information standard system, as well as geographical information standardization work system, it cannot be managed and analysed independently.
Geographic information standardization system management research is primarily embodied within the dependent subject system, standard system, and standardization work system. Research management reflects the management of geographic information standardization system interdependence subject. The geographic information standardization system has the following output methods and analytical results:the strategic analysis method, the target tree method, goal means analysis method, psychologic analysis, the environmental analysis, target and structure analysis, and qualitative and quantitative analysis. Following the analytical output the standard development strategy was implemented and the geographic information standardization system engineering overall construction goal put forward.
To achieve its goals, this research uses the geographical information standard system based on aspects of data dimensions, technology dimension, and management dimension, combined with logic, physics, and human perspective. From a workflow's perspective, I have established the targets of the geographical spatial data sharing and continuous operation of the long-term mechanism of the geographic information standardization system construction. Based on theoretical analyses, this investigation has also studied the geographic information standardization system dependent subject system construction goal of practical subject and technical subject, geographic information technology and its application forms, as well as spatial structure level.
From a psychological perspective, particularly regarding the process of intuitive problem solving, this research analyzes geographic information standardization system for qualitative descripitions, and formulates the geographic information standardization "goal-means" for system architecture. In addition, during this research the binary system elements used for the correlation matrix of the parallel direction has been constructed and analyzed. The evaluation index system for standardization system by analyzing system stratum character connection has been constructed.
From the perspective of the geographic information standard systems and its characteristics in China, this research uses the systematic effect principle, the structure optimization principle, and the orderly principle, in order to define the geographic information standard system management principles and methods. As a result, the development of geographic information standard system has been improved and problems existing in the development processes of geographical information have been correctly handled. From the perspective of collaborative workflow computer support, this research has analyzed the geographic information standardization workflow management requirements. During the progress of the analyitical tasks the collaborative workflow reference model based on workflow management system and system structure have been constructed. In adition, this study formulates the workflow management process, and researches the standardization work system operating control management from the aspects of feedback control and data quality control.
Finally, from the view of generalized modularity, the research defines the geographic information standard working system modularity, according to analysis methods of "designing modularity→producing modularity→organizing modularity". However, the chief focus of this research has been to invesitigate modularity of the geographical information standardization system.
Finally, using digital Shenzhen space information platform standardization system as a case study, this research has invesitigated standardization system, dependent subject system, standard system, standardization work system, modularity theory, applications of modeling, researching the standard system's dividing method and construction contents from the perspective of modularirity, the organizational structure, the operation and maintenance mechanism of the digital Shenzhen space base information platform standardization management system.
引文
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