考虑任意干湿循环变化历史的非饱和土本构理论
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摘要
非饱和土在实际工程中分布广泛,工程性质复杂。本构理论是非饱和土研究的重点和难点。非饱和土本构理论主要包括土水特征关系和应力应变关系这两个方面的内容,以及这二者之间的耦合关系。本文首先完善和发展了可以描述任意吸湿脱湿循环滞回的土水特征曲线模型,进而建立了土水特征曲线和应力应变关系耦合的非饱和土弹塑性本构模型。研究工作主要包括以下几个方面。
(1)基于毛细滞回内变量理论和传统的土水特征关系经验模型,提出了能模拟在任意加湿/脱湿循环路径下土水特征关系的修正模型。该模型比原模型增加了一个可逆参数,考虑了含水量的可逆变化,保证了扫描线在靠近边界线的时候斜率不会无限大,同时保留了原模型精度。通过与文献中的实验结果进行比较,修正模型可以更好的模拟非饱和土的土水特征关系的循环滞回特性。
(2)岩土介质在经历任意加湿/脱湿循环之后,部分气体会以气泡的形式残留于孔隙中；这种残留的气体会对土水特征关系和流体的渗透系数产生重要影响。完整的土水特征曲线包括初始脱湿曲线(IDC),主吸湿线(MWC)和主脱湿线(MDC)三部分。传统的土水特征曲线实验需要花费较长的时间和精力。以文献中的实验数据为依据,对非饱和土土水特征关系和岩石的汞注入抽出实验的滞回现象进行了深入研究,提出一个经验模型。如果已经根据实验得到了孔隙介质的IDC和MWC,本模型只需要一个参数,即可得到增量形式的主脱湿线(MDC)。通过与实验结果相比较,验证了模型对MDC模拟的有效性。
(3)基于毛细滞回内变量模型和传统的土水特征关系经验模型,提出了一个能模拟在任意加湿/脱湿循环路径下土水特征关系的数学模型。特别地,该模型考虑了介质中的残余含气量对循环土水特征关系的影响。在主滞回圈给定的情况下,该模型只包含一个材料参数。利用所提出的数学模型结合欧拉迭代计算方法,对已有文献中的烧结玻璃珠、石灰岩及白云岩等不同岩土介质在任意加湿/脱湿循环路径下的SWCC试验曲线进行了模拟。通过将预测结果与现有试验数据进行对比,验证了该模型对描述任意加湿/脱湿循环路径下的土水特征关系的有效性。
(4)现有的非饱和土本构模型大多是在Alonso在1990年提出的巴塞罗那基本模型和Wheeler在2003年提出的模型的基础上建立的,对于非饱和土的水力学循环历史考虑不足。本文以内变量毛细滞回理论为基础,提出了一个非饱和土弹塑性本构模型。该模型可以考虑水力学历史对材料变形的影响,并描述非饱和土弹塑性变形和毛细循环滞回的耦合效应。通过与文献中的实验结果比较,模型能够较好的模拟非饱和土的各种力学和水力学特性。
Unsaturated soils are widely distributed earth materials, which display complex behaviours in engineering practice. A constitutive theory of unsaturated soils addresses the soil-water characteristics curve (SWCC) and the stress-strain relationship as well as their coupling effects. In this dissertation, a SWCC model is first developed and improved so that it can be used to describe arbitrary wetting/drying histories. An elasto-plastic constitutive model of unsaturated soils is then proposed, which is capable of addressing the coupling of SWCC and stress-strain relationship. This research is summarized as follows:
(1) Based on an internal variable-based theory of capillary hysteresis, a SWCC model is developed, which can be used to simulate the soil-water characteristics of unsaturated soils subjected to arbitrary wetting/drying histories. A new material parameter is introduced to describe the reversible changes of water content and to ensure the slope of scanning curve not to become infinite when scanning curves approach the boundary of SWCC. The modified model retains the advantage of the original internal variable-based model, while can improve the performance of the proposaed model. Comparisons with experimental data show that the new model is able to simulate the soil-water characteristics of unsaturated soils under arbitrary wetting/dring cycles. Determination method of the new parameter is also discussed.
(2) When a porou medium experiences drying/wetting cycles, part of air phase will be trapped as air bubbles in the pore space. Such air entrapment has significant influences on the soil-water characteristics and the permeability of theporous media. Full SWCC can be represented by 3 parts, i.e., the initial drying curve (IDC), the main drying curve (MDC) and the main wetting curve (MWC). Traditionally a hydraulic hesteresis test is very time-consuming. Based on the data from the literature, an empirical model is developed。Provided IDC and MWC have been determined, the proposed model has only one parameter and can be used to determine MDC. We show that the simulation results agree very well with the measured data.
(3) By combining the proposed MDC relationship with the new SWCC model, a mathematical model is developed that can be used to describe the soil water characteristics of unsaturated soils under arbitrary drying-wetting paths. In particular, the effect of air entrapment is fully taken into account. Provided that the hysteresis loop is given, the proposed model includes only one new material parameter, which can be determined by using any first-order scanning curve (or one datum point on the curve). The model is numerically solved using the forward Euler iterative scheme. Numerical simulations are compared with the measurements of the soil-water characteristic curves for four different types of geotechnical media. It is found that the computational results agree very well with the measured data.
(4) A comprehensive approach to modeling the constitutive behavior of unsaturated soils is presented. The new framework can be used to describe elasto-plastic deformation and capillary hysteresis of unsaturated soils in a unified way. A simple model of capillary hysteresis coupled with plastic deformation is developed. It is shown that the model can capture the main features of unsaturated soil behavior. Particularly, it can describe the effects of any wetting/drying history on the the elasto-plastic deformation of unsaturated soils.
(1)基于毛细滞回内变量理论和传统的土水特征关系经验模型,提出了能模拟在任意加湿/脱湿循环路径下土水特征关系的修正模型。该模型比原模型增加了一个可逆参数,考虑了含水量的可逆变化,保证了扫描线在靠近边界线的时候斜率不会无限大,同时保留了原模型精度。通过与文献中的实验结果进行比较,修正模型可以更好的模拟非饱和土的土水特征关系的循环滞回特性。
(2)岩土介质在经历任意加湿/脱湿循环之后,部分气体会以气泡的形式残留于孔隙中；这种残留的气体会对土水特征关系和流体的渗透系数产生重要影响。完整的土水特征曲线包括初始脱湿曲线(IDC),主吸湿线(MWC)和主脱湿线(MDC)三部分。传统的土水特征曲线实验需要花费较长的时间和精力。以文献中的实验数据为依据,对非饱和土土水特征关系和岩石的汞注入抽出实验的滞回现象进行了深入研究,提出一个经验模型。如果已经根据实验得到了孔隙介质的IDC和MWC,本模型只需要一个参数,即可得到增量形式的主脱湿线(MDC)。通过与实验结果相比较,验证了模型对MDC模拟的有效性。
(3)基于毛细滞回内变量模型和传统的土水特征关系经验模型,提出了一个能模拟在任意加湿/脱湿循环路径下土水特征关系的数学模型。特别地,该模型考虑了介质中的残余含气量对循环土水特征关系的影响。在主滞回圈给定的情况下,该模型只包含一个材料参数。利用所提出的数学模型结合欧拉迭代计算方法,对已有文献中的烧结玻璃珠、石灰岩及白云岩等不同岩土介质在任意加湿/脱湿循环路径下的SWCC试验曲线进行了模拟。通过将预测结果与现有试验数据进行对比,验证了该模型对描述任意加湿/脱湿循环路径下的土水特征关系的有效性。
(4)现有的非饱和土本构模型大多是在Alonso在1990年提出的巴塞罗那基本模型和Wheeler在2003年提出的模型的基础上建立的,对于非饱和土的水力学循环历史考虑不足。本文以内变量毛细滞回理论为基础,提出了一个非饱和土弹塑性本构模型。该模型可以考虑水力学历史对材料变形的影响,并描述非饱和土弹塑性变形和毛细循环滞回的耦合效应。通过与文献中的实验结果比较,模型能够较好的模拟非饱和土的各种力学和水力学特性。
Unsaturated soils are widely distributed earth materials, which display complex behaviours in engineering practice. A constitutive theory of unsaturated soils addresses the soil-water characteristics curve (SWCC) and the stress-strain relationship as well as their coupling effects. In this dissertation, a SWCC model is first developed and improved so that it can be used to describe arbitrary wetting/drying histories. An elasto-plastic constitutive model of unsaturated soils is then proposed, which is capable of addressing the coupling of SWCC and stress-strain relationship. This research is summarized as follows:
(1) Based on an internal variable-based theory of capillary hysteresis, a SWCC model is developed, which can be used to simulate the soil-water characteristics of unsaturated soils subjected to arbitrary wetting/drying histories. A new material parameter is introduced to describe the reversible changes of water content and to ensure the slope of scanning curve not to become infinite when scanning curves approach the boundary of SWCC. The modified model retains the advantage of the original internal variable-based model, while can improve the performance of the proposaed model. Comparisons with experimental data show that the new model is able to simulate the soil-water characteristics of unsaturated soils under arbitrary wetting/dring cycles. Determination method of the new parameter is also discussed.
(2) When a porou medium experiences drying/wetting cycles, part of air phase will be trapped as air bubbles in the pore space. Such air entrapment has significant influences on the soil-water characteristics and the permeability of theporous media. Full SWCC can be represented by 3 parts, i.e., the initial drying curve (IDC), the main drying curve (MDC) and the main wetting curve (MWC). Traditionally a hydraulic hesteresis test is very time-consuming. Based on the data from the literature, an empirical model is developed。Provided IDC and MWC have been determined, the proposed model has only one parameter and can be used to determine MDC. We show that the simulation results agree very well with the measured data.
(3) By combining the proposed MDC relationship with the new SWCC model, a mathematical model is developed that can be used to describe the soil water characteristics of unsaturated soils under arbitrary drying-wetting paths. In particular, the effect of air entrapment is fully taken into account. Provided that the hysteresis loop is given, the proposed model includes only one new material parameter, which can be determined by using any first-order scanning curve (or one datum point on the curve). The model is numerically solved using the forward Euler iterative scheme. Numerical simulations are compared with the measurements of the soil-water characteristic curves for four different types of geotechnical media. It is found that the computational results agree very well with the measured data.
(4) A comprehensive approach to modeling the constitutive behavior of unsaturated soils is presented. The new framework can be used to describe elasto-plastic deformation and capillary hysteresis of unsaturated soils in a unified way. A simple model of capillary hysteresis coupled with plastic deformation is developed. It is shown that the model can capture the main features of unsaturated soil behavior. Particularly, it can describe the effects of any wetting/drying history on the the elasto-plastic deformation of unsaturated soils.
引文
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