公路处治土THMC耦合模型及路基变形数值模拟
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摘要
本文以广西南宁膨胀土为研究对象,采用微观与宏观相结合的方法对膨胀土的胀缩机理进行了研究;对影响石灰处治土路基长期性能的两个重要因素(干湿循环效应和淋滤作用)进行了室内试验,并从微观上对试验结果进行了解释;针对大气作用下的石灰处治土路基建立了热-湿-应力-化学THMC的四场耦合模型,采用该模型对石灰处治土在大气作用下的响应过程进行了数值模拟,并结合室内干湿循环试验和淋滤试验的结果,计算了干湿循环效应和淋滤作用对石灰处治土长期强度及变形的影响。主要研究成果如下:
1.根据膨胀土物理化学分析试验和微观结构分析等试验,对膨胀土的胀缩机理有了更深一步的认识:膨胀土能够膨胀与收缩的物质基础是膨胀土内含有d(001)层间可以吸水膨胀和失水收缩的蒙皂石类矿物。
2.室内石灰处治土干湿循环试验结果表明,干湿效应对处治土强度的影响很大,随着干湿循环次数的增加,结构逐渐破坏。表现出土的粘聚力衰减明显,内摩擦角随干湿循环次数的增加并没有表现出很强的衰减规律性,因此可以认为干湿效应主要对土的粘聚力起作用。随着干湿循环次数的增加,干湿效应对土样结构的破坏也越来越明显。大气作用下的石灰处治土路基,由于反复的干湿循环效应,强度不断衰减,因此干湿循环效应是影响路基长期稳定性的重要因素。
3.石灰处治土路基在大气作用下的长期性能涉及到很多因素,而淋滤作用一直被人们忽略。室内石灰处治土淋滤试验结果表明,在淋滤作用下随着Ca~(2+)离子含量的减少,处治土的强度不断降低。因此石灰处治土路基在降雨淋滤作用下Ca~(2+)离子含量减少而引起路基强度衰减,这对路基长期性能构成不利的影响。
4.针对大气作用下的石灰处治土路基建立了热-湿-应力-化学的四场耦合模型,采用该模型对石灰处治土在大气作用下的响应过程进行了数值模拟,对大气作用下路基水、温度和溶质的变化规律进行了分析。结合室内的干湿循环和淋滤试验结果,计算了汽车荷载和路基自重共同作用下,干湿循环效应和淋滤作用对路基沉降变形的影响。从计算结果可以看出,在干湿循环、有限淋滤和荷载的共同作用下强度降低,路基沉降变形显著增大。在计算结果的基础上,给出了保持路基性能长期稳定的工程措施。
With the research object of expansive soil in Nanning, Guangxi, the mechanism of expansiveness and shrinking of expansive soils is analyzed based on the combination of macroscopic and microcosmic analysis and the combination of theory and examination. The two important factor (drying-and-wetting cycle and eluviations) influencing on the expansive soils roadbed modified with lime were studied based on the laboratory examination, the destroying mechanism was analyzed based on the microcosms. Based on the equations of coupled thermo-fluid-mechanical-chemistry, a model of the modified expansive soils subgrade responding to the change of atmosphere is established. The process of subgrade responding to the change of atmosphere is simulated, and the effects of drying-and-wetting cycle and eluviations on the strength and deformation of the long-term performance of the modified subgrade with lime. The main outcomes are as follows:
1. The mechanism of expansiveness and shrinking of expansive soils is analyzed more deeply based on the combination of macroscopic and microcosmic analysis: the expansiveness and shrinking foundation of expansive soils is montmorillonite minerals containing d(001) layer with the ability of drinking and draining.
2. Based on the results of the laboratory examination of drying-and–wetting cycle of the modified expansive soils with lime, it is shown that with the increase of the times of drying-and-wetting cycle the strength parameters C is obviously decreased and the change ofΦis very little. Because the subgrade strength is decreased under the influence of drying-and-wetting cycle, the influence of drying-and-wetting cycle should be considered when the long-term performance of the modified subgrade is analyzed.
3. The long-term performance of the modified subgrade is influenced by many factors, the eluviations is often not considered. Based on the results of the laboratory examination of eluviations of the modified expansive soils with lime, it is shown that the strength of the modified soils is decreased with the decrease of the content of Ca~(2+). The influence of the decrease of the content of Ca~(2+) on the strength is disadvantageous to long-term performance of subgrade.
4. Based on the equations of coupled thermo-fluid-mechanical-chemistry, a model of the modified expansive soils subgrade responding to the change of atmosphere is established. The process of subgrade responding to the change of atmosphere is simulated, the change rules of the fluid, temperature and the content of Ca~(2+) are calculated. Based on the results of calculation of the effects of drying-and-wetting cycle and eluviations on the strength and deformation under the loading of cars and weight of subgrade. It is shown that under the effect of drying-and-wetting cycle,eluviations and loading, the strength of subgrade is decreased and the deformation is increased remarkablely. The engineering measures maintaining the long-term performance of the modified subgrade with lime are advised based on the calculation results.
1.根据膨胀土物理化学分析试验和微观结构分析等试验,对膨胀土的胀缩机理有了更深一步的认识:膨胀土能够膨胀与收缩的物质基础是膨胀土内含有d(001)层间可以吸水膨胀和失水收缩的蒙皂石类矿物。
2.室内石灰处治土干湿循环试验结果表明,干湿效应对处治土强度的影响很大,随着干湿循环次数的增加,结构逐渐破坏。表现出土的粘聚力衰减明显,内摩擦角随干湿循环次数的增加并没有表现出很强的衰减规律性,因此可以认为干湿效应主要对土的粘聚力起作用。随着干湿循环次数的增加,干湿效应对土样结构的破坏也越来越明显。大气作用下的石灰处治土路基,由于反复的干湿循环效应,强度不断衰减,因此干湿循环效应是影响路基长期稳定性的重要因素。
3.石灰处治土路基在大气作用下的长期性能涉及到很多因素,而淋滤作用一直被人们忽略。室内石灰处治土淋滤试验结果表明,在淋滤作用下随着Ca~(2+)离子含量的减少,处治土的强度不断降低。因此石灰处治土路基在降雨淋滤作用下Ca~(2+)离子含量减少而引起路基强度衰减,这对路基长期性能构成不利的影响。
4.针对大气作用下的石灰处治土路基建立了热-湿-应力-化学的四场耦合模型,采用该模型对石灰处治土在大气作用下的响应过程进行了数值模拟,对大气作用下路基水、温度和溶质的变化规律进行了分析。结合室内的干湿循环和淋滤试验结果,计算了汽车荷载和路基自重共同作用下,干湿循环效应和淋滤作用对路基沉降变形的影响。从计算结果可以看出,在干湿循环、有限淋滤和荷载的共同作用下强度降低,路基沉降变形显著增大。在计算结果的基础上,给出了保持路基性能长期稳定的工程措施。
With the research object of expansive soil in Nanning, Guangxi, the mechanism of expansiveness and shrinking of expansive soils is analyzed based on the combination of macroscopic and microcosmic analysis and the combination of theory and examination. The two important factor (drying-and-wetting cycle and eluviations) influencing on the expansive soils roadbed modified with lime were studied based on the laboratory examination, the destroying mechanism was analyzed based on the microcosms. Based on the equations of coupled thermo-fluid-mechanical-chemistry, a model of the modified expansive soils subgrade responding to the change of atmosphere is established. The process of subgrade responding to the change of atmosphere is simulated, and the effects of drying-and-wetting cycle and eluviations on the strength and deformation of the long-term performance of the modified subgrade with lime. The main outcomes are as follows:
1. The mechanism of expansiveness and shrinking of expansive soils is analyzed more deeply based on the combination of macroscopic and microcosmic analysis: the expansiveness and shrinking foundation of expansive soils is montmorillonite minerals containing d(001) layer with the ability of drinking and draining.
2. Based on the results of the laboratory examination of drying-and–wetting cycle of the modified expansive soils with lime, it is shown that with the increase of the times of drying-and-wetting cycle the strength parameters C is obviously decreased and the change ofΦis very little. Because the subgrade strength is decreased under the influence of drying-and-wetting cycle, the influence of drying-and-wetting cycle should be considered when the long-term performance of the modified subgrade is analyzed.
3. The long-term performance of the modified subgrade is influenced by many factors, the eluviations is often not considered. Based on the results of the laboratory examination of eluviations of the modified expansive soils with lime, it is shown that the strength of the modified soils is decreased with the decrease of the content of Ca~(2+). The influence of the decrease of the content of Ca~(2+) on the strength is disadvantageous to long-term performance of subgrade.
4. Based on the equations of coupled thermo-fluid-mechanical-chemistry, a model of the modified expansive soils subgrade responding to the change of atmosphere is established. The process of subgrade responding to the change of atmosphere is simulated, the change rules of the fluid, temperature and the content of Ca~(2+) are calculated. Based on the results of calculation of the effects of drying-and-wetting cycle and eluviations on the strength and deformation under the loading of cars and weight of subgrade. It is shown that under the effect of drying-and-wetting cycle,eluviations and loading, the strength of subgrade is decreased and the deformation is increased remarkablely. The engineering measures maintaining the long-term performance of the modified subgrade with lime are advised based on the calculation results.
引文
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