无刷双馈电机直接反馈控制系统分析与设计方法的研究
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摘要
目前由于传统能源的短缺,人们一方面开发风力发电、水力发电、太阳能发电等来取代原来的以燃烧石油、煤炭、天然气为主的火力发电;另一方面通过开发新能源汽车、采用节能减排等方式来降低传统能源的消耗。在新能源发电设备中主要采用的是以绕线式双馈电机为主的变速恒频发电系统,但因滑环和电刷的存在使得系统的运行和维护成本较高,而在新能源汽车动力耦合装置中,通过对无刷双馈电机的控制可以实现能量在内燃机、电池、车辆间的可控流动,以提高系统的效率,节约能源的同时提高驱动性能,因此亟需展开对无刷双馈电机高性能控制系统的研究与开发。结合这一背景,本论文针对无刷双馈电机的控制系统展开研究,主要包括以下几方面:
首先,总结国内外文献,对无刷双馈电机的各种数学模型进行了简要介绍,阐述了无刷双馈电机的标量控制、直接转矩控制和矢量控制,并指出了各自优缺点。
其次,详细分析了级联无刷双馈电机的工作原理,推导了转子坐标系下级联无刷双馈电机的数学模型,针对级联无刷双馈电机的功率流向进行了详细分析。
在以上工作的基础上,本文针对级联无刷双馈电机提出一种新的直接反馈控制方法。该方法结合了直接转矩控制与矢量控制的优点,在控制电机磁场同步坐标系下对电机转矩和磁链进行控制。该方法体现了反馈控制的基本原理,可以实现对磁链和转矩的精确控制,降低对电机参数的依赖性,简化了控制过程。级联无刷双馈电机的直接反馈控制方法不同于已有的直接转矩控制和矢量控制,本文对它们之间的区别进行了详细分析。由于级联无刷双馈电机结构复杂,各环节之间存在交叉耦合,相互影响,本论文将模糊PI调节器引入级联无刷双馈电机的直接反馈控制系统中。此外,为进一步降低控制器对电机参数的依赖性,利用电流代数模型对磁链进行观测,设计了一种新的采用磁平衡式原理对转子电流进行无刷、无接触式测量的新型无刷双馈电机。
针对本文所提出的级联无刷双馈电机的直接反馈控制在MATLAB下进行了仿真研究,并将模糊PI调节器和普通PI调节器控制效果进行了对比,最后搭建了基于dSPACE的级联无刷双馈电机实验平台,进行了实验验证。
Methods are found to solve problems of traditional energy’s shortage. On the one hand, wind power generation, hydroelectric power generation, and solar power are exploited to replace the traditonal thermal power generation with oil, coal and natural gas. On the other hand, new energy vehicles are developed and energy saving and emission reduction are adopted to reduce the traditional energy consumption. Wound rotor doubly-fed machina is commonly used in variable speed constant frequency power system, of which the operation and maintenance cost is high because of its slip rings and brushes. The application of brushless doubly-fed machine in new energy vehicles can realize power flows among combustion motor, battery and the vehicle. System efficiency is improved, energy is saved and the driving performance is enhanced. So the high performance control system of brushless doubly-fed machine needs to be researched. With this background, the control system of brushless doubly-fed machine is researched in this paper, the details of which are as follows:
Firstly, kinds of mathematical model of brushless doubly-fed machine are introduced briefly. Then the scalar control, direct torque control and the vector control of brushless doubly-fed machine are studied, of which both advantages and disadvantages are constrasted.
Secondly, the operating of cascaded brushless doubly-fed machine is analyzed and the mathematic model of CBDFM in rotor coordinate is deduced. Then the power flow of CBDFM in different states is researched.
Combining direct torque control and vector control’s advantages, a new algorithm called Direct Feedback Control(DFC) for cascaded brushless doubly-fed machine is proposed. DFC controls flux and motor torque precisely in control machine field synchronous coordinate, which applies the basic principle of feedback control, reduces the dependence on machine parameters, and simplifies the control procedure. The differences between DFC and direct torque as well as vector control are discussed in detail. Because of the complex structure of CBDFM and cross coupling in various parts, a fuzzy PI controller is introduced for CBDFM’DFC. Furthermore, in order to reduce the dependence on the machine parameters and observe the flux by current algebraic model, a new type of brushless double-fed motor is designed, using magnetic balanced theory to measure the rotor current both brushless and contactless.
DFC for CBDFM is simulated in MATLAB, and the control results are compared between fuzzy PI and normal PI controllers. Finally, an experimental platform based on dSPACE is built.
首先,总结国内外文献,对无刷双馈电机的各种数学模型进行了简要介绍,阐述了无刷双馈电机的标量控制、直接转矩控制和矢量控制,并指出了各自优缺点。
其次,详细分析了级联无刷双馈电机的工作原理,推导了转子坐标系下级联无刷双馈电机的数学模型,针对级联无刷双馈电机的功率流向进行了详细分析。
在以上工作的基础上,本文针对级联无刷双馈电机提出一种新的直接反馈控制方法。该方法结合了直接转矩控制与矢量控制的优点,在控制电机磁场同步坐标系下对电机转矩和磁链进行控制。该方法体现了反馈控制的基本原理,可以实现对磁链和转矩的精确控制,降低对电机参数的依赖性,简化了控制过程。级联无刷双馈电机的直接反馈控制方法不同于已有的直接转矩控制和矢量控制,本文对它们之间的区别进行了详细分析。由于级联无刷双馈电机结构复杂,各环节之间存在交叉耦合,相互影响,本论文将模糊PI调节器引入级联无刷双馈电机的直接反馈控制系统中。此外,为进一步降低控制器对电机参数的依赖性,利用电流代数模型对磁链进行观测,设计了一种新的采用磁平衡式原理对转子电流进行无刷、无接触式测量的新型无刷双馈电机。
针对本文所提出的级联无刷双馈电机的直接反馈控制在MATLAB下进行了仿真研究,并将模糊PI调节器和普通PI调节器控制效果进行了对比,最后搭建了基于dSPACE的级联无刷双馈电机实验平台,进行了实验验证。
Methods are found to solve problems of traditional energy’s shortage. On the one hand, wind power generation, hydroelectric power generation, and solar power are exploited to replace the traditonal thermal power generation with oil, coal and natural gas. On the other hand, new energy vehicles are developed and energy saving and emission reduction are adopted to reduce the traditional energy consumption. Wound rotor doubly-fed machina is commonly used in variable speed constant frequency power system, of which the operation and maintenance cost is high because of its slip rings and brushes. The application of brushless doubly-fed machine in new energy vehicles can realize power flows among combustion motor, battery and the vehicle. System efficiency is improved, energy is saved and the driving performance is enhanced. So the high performance control system of brushless doubly-fed machine needs to be researched. With this background, the control system of brushless doubly-fed machine is researched in this paper, the details of which are as follows:
Firstly, kinds of mathematical model of brushless doubly-fed machine are introduced briefly. Then the scalar control, direct torque control and the vector control of brushless doubly-fed machine are studied, of which both advantages and disadvantages are constrasted.
Secondly, the operating of cascaded brushless doubly-fed machine is analyzed and the mathematic model of CBDFM in rotor coordinate is deduced. Then the power flow of CBDFM in different states is researched.
Combining direct torque control and vector control’s advantages, a new algorithm called Direct Feedback Control(DFC) for cascaded brushless doubly-fed machine is proposed. DFC controls flux and motor torque precisely in control machine field synchronous coordinate, which applies the basic principle of feedback control, reduces the dependence on machine parameters, and simplifies the control procedure. The differences between DFC and direct torque as well as vector control are discussed in detail. Because of the complex structure of CBDFM and cross coupling in various parts, a fuzzy PI controller is introduced for CBDFM’DFC. Furthermore, in order to reduce the dependence on the machine parameters and observe the flux by current algebraic model, a new type of brushless double-fed motor is designed, using magnetic balanced theory to measure the rotor current both brushless and contactless.
DFC for CBDFM is simulated in MATLAB, and the control results are compared between fuzzy PI and normal PI controllers. Finally, an experimental platform based on dSPACE is built.
引文
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