基于知识的CAPP工具系统关键技术研究
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摘要
伴随着知识经济的到来,知识管理对企业的产品和服务的价值将越来越大,知识上升成为企业的核心资产。CAPP作为制造业企业核心的制造信息处理单元,对企业信息化建设具有举足轻重的地位。将知识处理技术与CAPP的研究结合起来,研究基于知识的CAPP工具系统的理论、方法和实现技术,具有重要的意义。为此,论文从理论和实践方面开展了基于知识的CAPP工具系统的研究工作。
论文论述了CAPP系统“基于知识”的定义和工具化的思想,总结了该系统的特点,提出了由工艺知识定义、工艺知识维护、工艺知识推理与解释三大核心部分构成的系统功能框架,并给出了系统实现的总体方案以及涉及到的关键技术,包括工艺知识的表达方法、工艺知识集成与共享等。
在工艺知识的表达方面,论文在分析现有的各种知识表达方法的基础上,采用了一种新的工艺知识表达方法——参数流程图知识表达方法。该方法将所有影响知识表达的变量组合成一张参数表,通过表中变量取值的变化实现知识的动态表示,通过由若干图元以及图元间的关系构成的一张有向图来实现过程性知识的可视化表示。
针对工艺知识集成与共享,采用了基于XML技术的工艺信息文件。XML文件是工艺信息存储、传递的媒介,满足了网络化制造中大量信息集成的要求;XML文件中的数据以树型结构存储,逻辑上是父子关系的工艺信息在XML文件中同样具有父子关系,形成了层层嵌套的树形结构。
作为论文研究的成果,通过一个锥套样例,介绍工艺知识管理过程及其应用。
With the arrival of knowledge economics, the value of knowledge management to enterprise products and services is becoming larger and larger, and knowledge is becoming kernel assets of an enterprise. CAPP, as the manufacture information process unit of the manufacture enterprise, is essential for the enterprise information construction. It is very important to research into the theory, method and implement technology of CAPP based on knowledge in terms of jointly studying knowledge process and CAPP system. For this reason, the thesis launches investigation into knowledge-based CAPP tool system from the aspects both theoretical and practical.
The thesis discusses the definition of“knowledge-based”and tool-kited thought and elaborates characteristics of system, presents the function framework composed of process knowledge definition, maintenance and reasoning and interpretation for knowledge-based CAPP tool system, and admeasures the total architecture of system realization and the related key technologies, including the process knowledge expression, integration and share, etc..
On the basis of analyzing various popular knowledge expression methods, the thesis adopts a new process knowledge expression method, parameter flow chart knowledge expression method. The method expresses dynamic engineering knowledge by a parameter table encompassing all variables impacting knowledge expression, via the variable values change to express process knowledge dynamically and an oriented digraph consisting of graph element sets and relations between graph elements to realize the visualization of the workflow knowledge.
Against the issues such as process knowledge integration and share, the thesis adopts the process information document based on XML technology. XML document is a medium of process information storage and transfer, and satisfies considerable information integration under networking manufacture. The data of XML document are stored in tree architecture; the records with the logic relation of fathers and sons keep the same relations in the XML document, forming a nested tree architecture.
As the result of research, the thesis introduces the process knowledge management and application by a drogue example.
论文论述了CAPP系统“基于知识”的定义和工具化的思想,总结了该系统的特点,提出了由工艺知识定义、工艺知识维护、工艺知识推理与解释三大核心部分构成的系统功能框架,并给出了系统实现的总体方案以及涉及到的关键技术,包括工艺知识的表达方法、工艺知识集成与共享等。
在工艺知识的表达方面,论文在分析现有的各种知识表达方法的基础上,采用了一种新的工艺知识表达方法——参数流程图知识表达方法。该方法将所有影响知识表达的变量组合成一张参数表,通过表中变量取值的变化实现知识的动态表示,通过由若干图元以及图元间的关系构成的一张有向图来实现过程性知识的可视化表示。
针对工艺知识集成与共享,采用了基于XML技术的工艺信息文件。XML文件是工艺信息存储、传递的媒介,满足了网络化制造中大量信息集成的要求;XML文件中的数据以树型结构存储,逻辑上是父子关系的工艺信息在XML文件中同样具有父子关系,形成了层层嵌套的树形结构。
作为论文研究的成果,通过一个锥套样例,介绍工艺知识管理过程及其应用。
With the arrival of knowledge economics, the value of knowledge management to enterprise products and services is becoming larger and larger, and knowledge is becoming kernel assets of an enterprise. CAPP, as the manufacture information process unit of the manufacture enterprise, is essential for the enterprise information construction. It is very important to research into the theory, method and implement technology of CAPP based on knowledge in terms of jointly studying knowledge process and CAPP system. For this reason, the thesis launches investigation into knowledge-based CAPP tool system from the aspects both theoretical and practical.
The thesis discusses the definition of“knowledge-based”and tool-kited thought and elaborates characteristics of system, presents the function framework composed of process knowledge definition, maintenance and reasoning and interpretation for knowledge-based CAPP tool system, and admeasures the total architecture of system realization and the related key technologies, including the process knowledge expression, integration and share, etc..
On the basis of analyzing various popular knowledge expression methods, the thesis adopts a new process knowledge expression method, parameter flow chart knowledge expression method. The method expresses dynamic engineering knowledge by a parameter table encompassing all variables impacting knowledge expression, via the variable values change to express process knowledge dynamically and an oriented digraph consisting of graph element sets and relations between graph elements to realize the visualization of the workflow knowledge.
Against the issues such as process knowledge integration and share, the thesis adopts the process information document based on XML technology. XML document is a medium of process information storage and transfer, and satisfies considerable information integration under networking manufacture. The data of XML document are stored in tree architecture; the records with the logic relation of fathers and sons keep the same relations in the XML document, forming a nested tree architecture.
As the result of research, the thesis introduces the process knowledge management and application by a drogue example.
引文
[1]张胜文,景旭文,赵良才.实用CAPP开发工具系统的研制.机械工艺师,1999(5):18-19
[2]姜兆亮.基于知识协同的产品设计系统集成研究:[博士学位论文] .济南:山东大学图书馆,2004.
[3]秦国华.基于知识的参数化修订式CAPP系统及其集成研究:[硕士学位论文] .西安:西北工业大学图书馆,2001.
[4]游路.基于知识的PDM系统关键技术及应用研究: [硕士学位论文] .贵州:贵州工业大学图书馆,2004.
[5]王先逵.制造技术的未来.中国机械工程, 1994, 5(5):2-4
[6] Sohlenius G. Concurrent engineering. Annals of the CIRP,1993, 42(2):645-655
[7] Rui-Rong Wu ,Yu-Yun Zhang. A CAPP Framework and its Methodology. Advanced manufacturing Technology,1998,255-260
[8] Rick Dove,张申生编译.敏捷企业(上、下).中国机械工程, 1996, 7(3): 22-27;7(4): 23-26
[9]王华栋,王春升,罗克义等.面向动态联盟环境的CAPP系统结构研究.制造业自动化,2000,22(4): 32-34
[10]王正刚.CAPP系统工程化的关键技术研究.先进制造技术,2002,31(2): 65-67
[11] Ham I, Lu S C-Y. Computer-aided process planning: the present and the future. Annals of the CIRP, 1988, 7(2): 591-601
[12] EIMaraghy H A. Evolution and future perspectives of CAPP. Annals of the CIRP, 1993, 42(2): 793-751
[13] Eversheim, W., Schneewind, J.Computer-aided process planning-state of the art and future development. Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 1993, 10(1/2), 65-70
[14] Kiritsis D. A review of knowledge-based expert system for process planning: Methods and problem. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1995, 10: 240-262
[15] Maropoulos P G. Review of research in tooling technology, process modeling and process planning: part II: tooling and process modeling. Computer integrate manufacturing systems, 1995, 8(1): 5-12
[16] Maropoulos P G. Review of research in tooling technology, process modeling and process planning: part II: process planning. Computer integrate manufacturing systems, 1995, 8(1): 13-20
[17] Chang T C, Wysk R A.工艺过程自动设计导论.黄乃康等译.西安:西北工业大学出版社, 1988.
[18] Faruk,Constantin Chassapis.An IT view on perspectives of computer aided process Planning research ,Computer in Industry,1997,34,307-337.
[19] Leung H C. Annotated bibliography on computer-aided process planning. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1996 12: 309-329
[20]肖伟跃,夏秋英,杨继荣等.人机智能化CAPP系统及其发展.成组技术与生产现代,2005,22(3): 4-8
[21]黄国青,李建峰.CAPP系统中典型工艺知识的应用研究.机械科学与技术,2005,25(4): 455-457
[22]田林.基于知识的电子装配CAPP系统研究与开发:[硕士学位论文] .西安:西北工业大学图书馆,2004.
[23]汪利.基于功能一行为一结构的机构系统概念设计智能化平台模型.机械设计与研究,1998.14
[24]邓瑞清,蔡颖.基于实例推理在CAPP系统开发中的应用.农机化研究,2005(6): 241-243
[25]余德泉,张瑞,陈军.基于知识系统KBS的智能冲压工艺设计与应用.上海交通大学学报,2004,38(9):1438-1441
[26]李琳,曾孟雄,唐耀红.基于知识的智能化CAPP系统关键技术.制造业信息化,2005(8):72-74
[27] Duffy J. Knowledge management: To be or not to be?Information Management Journal, 2000, 34(1): 64-67
[28] Halpern M. Capitalizing on knowledge-based engineering. Computer-Aided Engineering;2000, 19(2): 47-48
[29]王感苍,张建忠,刘学军.人工神经网络及其在智能CAPP系统中的应用.华北工学院学报,2001,22(2):142-146
[30] Jiannan Mei,Hong-C. Zhang,William J.B.Oldham.A neural network approach for datum , selection in computer_aided process planning.Computer in Industry,1995,27:53-64
[31]张志平.面向产品的CAPP工具系统关键技术研究:[硕士学位论文] .天津:天津理工学院图书馆,2003.
[32]史忠植.知识工程.北京:清华大学出版社,1988
[33] Rolandi W G. Knowledge Engineering in Practice. AI Expert, 1986(12): 58-62
[34] Seemana P, Cohen D. The Geography of Knowledge: From Knowledge Maps to the Knowledge Atlas. Knowledge and Process Manegement, 1997, 4(4): 247-260
[35]蔡子兴,徐光佑.人工智能及其应用.清华大学出版社, 2003
[36]田盛丰,黄厚宽.人工智能与知识工程.中国铁道出版社, 1999
[37]陆伟民.人工智能技术及应用.同济大学出版社, 1998
[38]董文辉,巩亚东,王宛山.基于COM/DCOM的分布式网络化制造系统构建.机械与电子,2003(5):62-63
[39]王军,孙军,聂新刚等.基于STEP_NC的CNC集成技术研究.沈阳建筑大学学报,2005,21(5):591-595
[40]李洋,钟延修.基于STEP和XML的产品数据交换与集成在网络化制造中的应用.机床与液压,2002.No.6, 116-118
[41]程蓉,陈幼平,李志刚.一种面向网络化制造的产品信息集成实现方法.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2004(8):49-50
[42]冯明初.基于XML的船舶产品信息集成环境研究.船海工程,2006(2):4-6
[43] M Fernandez, D Florescu, A Levy et al. A Query Language for a Web-Site management System[J]. SIGMOD Record, 1997, 26(3)
[44] O Bukhres, A Elmagarmid. Object-Oriented Multidatabase System[M]. Prentice Hall, 1996
[45]徐振航,刘莉芹.基于XML的WEB数据挖掘技术.计算机系统应用,2001(1):39-42
[46]吴华鹏,陈大融. XML在机械工程中的应用.机械设计,2001(11):4-7
[47]荀凌怡,熊光楞等.基于XML的产品信息集成关键技术研究.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2002,l(14):105-110
[48]高亮,张洁,李培根.基于XML的敏捷制造资源集成方法的研究.中国机械工程, 2002,13 :57-59
[49]孙丽,屈娟,王秀伦.面向产品全生命周期工艺知识分类编码系统.大连铁道学院学报,2006,27(2):34-37
[50]史忠植.知识发现.清华大学出版社,2002
[2]姜兆亮.基于知识协同的产品设计系统集成研究:[博士学位论文] .济南:山东大学图书馆,2004.
[3]秦国华.基于知识的参数化修订式CAPP系统及其集成研究:[硕士学位论文] .西安:西北工业大学图书馆,2001.
[4]游路.基于知识的PDM系统关键技术及应用研究: [硕士学位论文] .贵州:贵州工业大学图书馆,2004.
[5]王先逵.制造技术的未来.中国机械工程, 1994, 5(5):2-4
[6] Sohlenius G. Concurrent engineering. Annals of the CIRP,1993, 42(2):645-655
[7] Rui-Rong Wu ,Yu-Yun Zhang. A CAPP Framework and its Methodology. Advanced manufacturing Technology,1998,255-260
[8] Rick Dove,张申生编译.敏捷企业(上、下).中国机械工程, 1996, 7(3): 22-27;7(4): 23-26
[9]王华栋,王春升,罗克义等.面向动态联盟环境的CAPP系统结构研究.制造业自动化,2000,22(4): 32-34
[10]王正刚.CAPP系统工程化的关键技术研究.先进制造技术,2002,31(2): 65-67
[11] Ham I, Lu S C-Y. Computer-aided process planning: the present and the future. Annals of the CIRP, 1988, 7(2): 591-601
[12] EIMaraghy H A. Evolution and future perspectives of CAPP. Annals of the CIRP, 1993, 42(2): 793-751
[13] Eversheim, W., Schneewind, J.Computer-aided process planning-state of the art and future development. Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 1993, 10(1/2), 65-70
[14] Kiritsis D. A review of knowledge-based expert system for process planning: Methods and problem. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1995, 10: 240-262
[15] Maropoulos P G. Review of research in tooling technology, process modeling and process planning: part II: tooling and process modeling. Computer integrate manufacturing systems, 1995, 8(1): 5-12
[16] Maropoulos P G. Review of research in tooling technology, process modeling and process planning: part II: process planning. Computer integrate manufacturing systems, 1995, 8(1): 13-20
[17] Chang T C, Wysk R A.工艺过程自动设计导论.黄乃康等译.西安:西北工业大学出版社, 1988.
[18] Faruk,Constantin Chassapis.An IT view on perspectives of computer aided process Planning research ,Computer in Industry,1997,34,307-337.
[19] Leung H C. Annotated bibliography on computer-aided process planning. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1996 12: 309-329
[20]肖伟跃,夏秋英,杨继荣等.人机智能化CAPP系统及其发展.成组技术与生产现代,2005,22(3): 4-8
[21]黄国青,李建峰.CAPP系统中典型工艺知识的应用研究.机械科学与技术,2005,25(4): 455-457
[22]田林.基于知识的电子装配CAPP系统研究与开发:[硕士学位论文] .西安:西北工业大学图书馆,2004.
[23]汪利.基于功能一行为一结构的机构系统概念设计智能化平台模型.机械设计与研究,1998.14
[24]邓瑞清,蔡颖.基于实例推理在CAPP系统开发中的应用.农机化研究,2005(6): 241-243
[25]余德泉,张瑞,陈军.基于知识系统KBS的智能冲压工艺设计与应用.上海交通大学学报,2004,38(9):1438-1441
[26]李琳,曾孟雄,唐耀红.基于知识的智能化CAPP系统关键技术.制造业信息化,2005(8):72-74
[27] Duffy J. Knowledge management: To be or not to be?Information Management Journal, 2000, 34(1): 64-67
[28] Halpern M. Capitalizing on knowledge-based engineering. Computer-Aided Engineering;2000, 19(2): 47-48
[29]王感苍,张建忠,刘学军.人工神经网络及其在智能CAPP系统中的应用.华北工学院学报,2001,22(2):142-146
[30] Jiannan Mei,Hong-C. Zhang,William J.B.Oldham.A neural network approach for datum , selection in computer_aided process planning.Computer in Industry,1995,27:53-64
[31]张志平.面向产品的CAPP工具系统关键技术研究:[硕士学位论文] .天津:天津理工学院图书馆,2003.
[32]史忠植.知识工程.北京:清华大学出版社,1988
[33] Rolandi W G. Knowledge Engineering in Practice. AI Expert, 1986(12): 58-62
[34] Seemana P, Cohen D. The Geography of Knowledge: From Knowledge Maps to the Knowledge Atlas. Knowledge and Process Manegement, 1997, 4(4): 247-260
[35]蔡子兴,徐光佑.人工智能及其应用.清华大学出版社, 2003
[36]田盛丰,黄厚宽.人工智能与知识工程.中国铁道出版社, 1999
[37]陆伟民.人工智能技术及应用.同济大学出版社, 1998
[38]董文辉,巩亚东,王宛山.基于COM/DCOM的分布式网络化制造系统构建.机械与电子,2003(5):62-63
[39]王军,孙军,聂新刚等.基于STEP_NC的CNC集成技术研究.沈阳建筑大学学报,2005,21(5):591-595
[40]李洋,钟延修.基于STEP和XML的产品数据交换与集成在网络化制造中的应用.机床与液压,2002.No.6, 116-118
[41]程蓉,陈幼平,李志刚.一种面向网络化制造的产品信息集成实现方法.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2004(8):49-50
[42]冯明初.基于XML的船舶产品信息集成环境研究.船海工程,2006(2):4-6
[43] M Fernandez, D Florescu, A Levy et al. A Query Language for a Web-Site management System[J]. SIGMOD Record, 1997, 26(3)
[44] O Bukhres, A Elmagarmid. Object-Oriented Multidatabase System[M]. Prentice Hall, 1996
[45]徐振航,刘莉芹.基于XML的WEB数据挖掘技术.计算机系统应用,2001(1):39-42
[46]吴华鹏,陈大融. XML在机械工程中的应用.机械设计,2001(11):4-7
[47]荀凌怡,熊光楞等.基于XML的产品信息集成关键技术研究.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2002,l(14):105-110
[48]高亮,张洁,李培根.基于XML的敏捷制造资源集成方法的研究.中国机械工程, 2002,13 :57-59
[49]孙丽,屈娟,王秀伦.面向产品全生命周期工艺知识分类编码系统.大连铁道学院学报,2006,27(2):34-37
[50]史忠植.知识发现.清华大学出版社,2002