浏览器/服务器结构的车辆监控系统的设计与实现
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摘要
车辆监控系统是智能交通系统的一部分,其基本功能是车辆实时定位与状态监控。传统的基于客户/服务器C/S(Clint/Server)结构的车辆监控系统存在着用户无法快捷方便地获取信息,可扩展性差,系统建设与维护成本高等弊端。因此实现基于浏览器/服务器B/S(Brower/Server)结构的车辆监控系统已经成为目前研究的热点。
通过对网络GIS(Geographic Information System)、Ajax(Asynchronous JavaScript and Extensible Markup Language)和GIS Web Services等关键技术的研究与分析,针对当前B/S结构的车辆监控系统中由于安装插件扩充浏览器功能而带来的系统安全性差、客户端部署复杂等问题,结合实际应用需求,采用Ajax和GIS Web Services相结合的模式设计并实现了一种基于B/S结构的车辆监控系统。阐述了系统的工作原理、体系结构及主要功能,详细设计了系统的数据库及实时监控、轨迹回放、路径规划、地图匹配、坐标转换等主要功能模块。
以系统设计为基础,分别描述了系统客户端与服务器端的工作流程,说明了客户端核心模块Ajax引擎及服务器端GIS Web Services功能模块的实现,分析了GIS Web Services地图操作功能以及定位功能的实现过程。在浏览器端不需要安装任何插件的情况下,采用Ajax引擎异步调用GIS Web Services的方式实现了系统的功能。
实验表明,在网络带宽不变的情况下,采用Ajax和GIS Web Services相结合模式的车辆监控系统,降低了浏览器与服务器之间的通讯量,提高了地图的加载速度,解决了在因特网上进行车辆监控时的车辆定位、动态跟踪、轨迹回放、最短路径等关键技术难题,具有一定的实用价值。
Vehicle monitoring system is a part of intelligent transportation system. Its basic function is real-time vehicle positioning and condition monitoring of vehicles. It costs a lot to develop and deploy traditional vehicle monitoring systems based on C/S (Clint/Server) structure which has poor scalability. By them, users can not access to information quickly and conveniently too. Therefore, the vehicle monitoring system based on B/S (Browser/Server) structure has become the mainstream.
With the research and analysis of WebGIS (Web Geographic Information System), Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML), GIS Web Services and other key technologies, a B/S mode vehicle monitoring system based on Ajax and GIS Web Services is designed to solve problems such as poor system security and complex Client deployment caused by plug-ins usually installed in the browser. The system’s principle, architecture and main functions are introduced. Database and main modules, such as real-time monitoring, track intervals, path planning, map matching and coordinate conversion, are designed in detail.
According to the system’s architecture, the work flows of browser and server are introduced respectively. Ajax engine, the core component of browser, and the GIS Web Services in the server are realized. It has also been analyzed that how map operating and vehicle positioning functions can be realized. All in all, the system functions are implemented by the way that Ajax engine invokes GIS Web Services asynchronously.
Experiments show that with unchanged network bandwidth, the vehicle monitoring system based on Ajax and GIS Web Services can reduce the communication between server and browser and can increase the speed of map loading. The technological difficulties of monitoring vehicle on Internet, such as real-time positioning, dynamic tracking, track intervals and shortest path, are solved. This system is valuable in practice.
通过对网络GIS(Geographic Information System)、Ajax(Asynchronous JavaScript and Extensible Markup Language)和GIS Web Services等关键技术的研究与分析,针对当前B/S结构的车辆监控系统中由于安装插件扩充浏览器功能而带来的系统安全性差、客户端部署复杂等问题,结合实际应用需求,采用Ajax和GIS Web Services相结合的模式设计并实现了一种基于B/S结构的车辆监控系统。阐述了系统的工作原理、体系结构及主要功能,详细设计了系统的数据库及实时监控、轨迹回放、路径规划、地图匹配、坐标转换等主要功能模块。
以系统设计为基础,分别描述了系统客户端与服务器端的工作流程,说明了客户端核心模块Ajax引擎及服务器端GIS Web Services功能模块的实现,分析了GIS Web Services地图操作功能以及定位功能的实现过程。在浏览器端不需要安装任何插件的情况下,采用Ajax引擎异步调用GIS Web Services的方式实现了系统的功能。
实验表明,在网络带宽不变的情况下,采用Ajax和GIS Web Services相结合模式的车辆监控系统,降低了浏览器与服务器之间的通讯量,提高了地图的加载速度,解决了在因特网上进行车辆监控时的车辆定位、动态跟踪、轨迹回放、最短路径等关键技术难题,具有一定的实用价值。
Vehicle monitoring system is a part of intelligent transportation system. Its basic function is real-time vehicle positioning and condition monitoring of vehicles. It costs a lot to develop and deploy traditional vehicle monitoring systems based on C/S (Clint/Server) structure which has poor scalability. By them, users can not access to information quickly and conveniently too. Therefore, the vehicle monitoring system based on B/S (Browser/Server) structure has become the mainstream.
With the research and analysis of WebGIS (Web Geographic Information System), Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML), GIS Web Services and other key technologies, a B/S mode vehicle monitoring system based on Ajax and GIS Web Services is designed to solve problems such as poor system security and complex Client deployment caused by plug-ins usually installed in the browser. The system’s principle, architecture and main functions are introduced. Database and main modules, such as real-time monitoring, track intervals, path planning, map matching and coordinate conversion, are designed in detail.
According to the system’s architecture, the work flows of browser and server are introduced respectively. Ajax engine, the core component of browser, and the GIS Web Services in the server are realized. It has also been analyzed that how map operating and vehicle positioning functions can be realized. All in all, the system functions are implemented by the way that Ajax engine invokes GIS Web Services asynchronously.
Experiments show that with unchanged network bandwidth, the vehicle monitoring system based on Ajax and GIS Web Services can reduce the communication between server and browser and can increase the speed of map loading. The technological difficulties of monitoring vehicle on Internet, such as real-time positioning, dynamic tracking, track intervals and shortest path, are solved. This system is valuable in practice.
引文
[1]别丽华,宋中山,王鑫.车辆监控系统设计的关键技术分析.中南民族大学学报(自然科学版),2006,25(1):84～85
[2]龚振宇,贾利民.一种基于WebGIS的智能车辆监控系统.交通运输系统工程与信息,2006,6(4):19～20
[3] Imielinski T, Navas J C. GPS-based geographic addressing, routing and resource discovery. Communications of ACM, 1999, 42(4): 86～88
[4] Theiss A, David C. Global Positioning Systems: an analysis of applications, current development and future implementations. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 2005, 27(2): 89～93
[5]申献军.GPS机动车辆定位监控系统开发研究.福州大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(增刊):75～78
[6]韩丽华.车辆GPS自主导航系统及其新动向.测绘科学,2001,26(3):56～59
[7]黄杏元,马劲松,汤勤.地理信息系统概论.第二版.北京:高等教育出版社,2001.18～19
[8] Abbott L T, Carolyn D. GIS: A new component of public services. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 1995, 21(4): 251～256
[9] Cox A B, Gifford F. An overview to geographic information systems. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 1997, 23(6): 449～453
[10] Cobb D A, Olivero A. Online GIS service. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 1997 , 23(6), 484～490
[11]张海堂.基于GSM的GPS移动目标监控调度系统软件设计与实现:硕士学位论文.郑州:中国人民解放军信息工程大学测绘学院,2001.
[12]张昊,廖建新,武家春.综合定位平台系统结构和关键问题研究.计算机工程,2006,32(20):108～109
[13] Moore P, Crossley P. GPS applications in power systems: Introduction to GPS.Power Engineering Journal, 1999, 13(1): 33～39
[14]王孟宇. GPS的特点及其应用.云南农业,2003,(1):35～35
[15] Mensah-Bonsu C, Heydt G T. Real-time digital processing of GPS measurements for transmission engineering. IEEE Transactions on PowerDelivery, 2003, 18(1): 177～182
[16] Laganathan G. GPS and GIS technology trends. Electronics& Communication Engineering Journal, 2002, 14(6): 292～294
[17] Barnard M.E. The Global Positioning System. IEEE Review, 1992, 38(3): 99～102
[18] McNeff J G. The global positioning system. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2002, 50(3): 645～652
[19]杨生辉,柴炜.基于GPS和GIS的车辆定位与导航系统.公路与汽运,2003, (6):3～5
[20] Bajaj R, Ranaweera S L, Agrawal D P. GPS: location-tracking technology. Computer, 2002, 35(4): 92～94
[21]周捷,翟羽健,马瑜兰等.差分GPS/GIS实时监控管理系统的设计应用.微型电脑应用,1999,(7):3～5
[22] Sato G, Asai T, Sakamoto T. Improvement of the positioning accuracy of a software-based GPS receiver using a 32-bit embedded microprocessor. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2000, 46 (3): 521～530
[23]丁磊,刘春,姚连璧.车辆组合导航监控系统原理与应用.西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,38(4):570～571
[24]姜西瑞,程振林,方金云.GIS和GSM双定位终端的软硬件设计与实现.计算机工程,2006,32(20):244～246
[25]林青,李选杰.蜂窝无线定位技术及其应用.陕西工学院学报,2003,19(4):11～12
[26] Ermel M, Muller T, Schuler J. Performance of GSM networks with general packet radio services. Performance Evaluation, 2002, 48(1-4): 285～291
[27]张春荣,范寒柏.基于GPRS远程监控系统数据终端的研究.现代电子技术,2006,29(15):110～112
[28]刘云芳,左为平.分布式计算模型的分析和比较.电子技术应用,2006,29(21):135～136
[29]李蓥.基于Web服务的应用系统构架方法研究.河南大学学报(自然科学版),2003,33(3):66～67
[30] Wang F J, Jusoh S. Integrating Multiple Web-based Geographic Information Systems. IEEE Multimedia, 1999, 6(1): 49～52
[31]陈志平,徐锡山,陈玉教.一种基于Ajax的动态树型结构的设计与实现.计算机与信息技术,2005,(12):63～64
[32] Palson, L D. Building rich web applications with Ajax. Computer, 2005, (10): 14～17
[33]朱茵,陆化普,周海淞.基于C/S与B/S混合体系结构的智能交通管理信息系统的设计.公路交通科技,2005,22(11):147～149
[34]王瑞琴.基于WebGIS的GPS车辆监控调度系统的设计与实现.内蒙古农业大学学报,2005,26(4):97～98
[35] Stockus A, Bouju A, Bertrand F. Web-based vehicle localization. Intelligent IEEE Vehicles Symposium, 2000, (10): 436～441
[36]程起敏,杨崇峻,刘东林.基于Internet的车辆监控服务系统的设计与实现.武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2004,29(9):817～818
[37] Sample J T, Ladner R, Shulman L. Enhancing the US Navy’s GIDB Portal with Web Services. IEEE Internet Computing, 2006, 10(5): 53～55
[38]张福浩,刘纪平,李青元.基于Dijkstra算法的一种最短路径优化算法.遥感信息,2004,(2):38～41
[39]李霖.变量查询代数及最短路径分析.测绘学报,2000,29(1):59～63
[40]王涛,李伟生.最短路径子图.北方交通大学学报,2004,28(2):46～50
[41]周培德.交通道路网中任意两点之间最短路径的快速算法.计算机工程与科学,2002,24(4):35～37
[42]卜月华.图论及其应用.第一版.南京:东南大学出版社,2002.59～62
[43] Wang J, Schroedl S, Mezger K. Lane Keeping Based on Location Technology. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation System. 2005, 6(3): 351～352
[44] Samer S, Zaher M. Power Matching Approach for GPS Coverage Extension. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation System. 2006, 7(2): 156～158
[45]王仁礼,陈天泽,王冬红.智能型地图匹配综合算法的研究.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2003,15(11):1444～1445
[2]龚振宇,贾利民.一种基于WebGIS的智能车辆监控系统.交通运输系统工程与信息,2006,6(4):19～20
[3] Imielinski T, Navas J C. GPS-based geographic addressing, routing and resource discovery. Communications of ACM, 1999, 42(4): 86～88
[4] Theiss A, David C. Global Positioning Systems: an analysis of applications, current development and future implementations. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 2005, 27(2): 89～93
[5]申献军.GPS机动车辆定位监控系统开发研究.福州大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(增刊):75～78
[6]韩丽华.车辆GPS自主导航系统及其新动向.测绘科学,2001,26(3):56～59
[7]黄杏元,马劲松,汤勤.地理信息系统概论.第二版.北京:高等教育出版社,2001.18～19
[8] Abbott L T, Carolyn D. GIS: A new component of public services. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 1995, 21(4): 251～256
[9] Cox A B, Gifford F. An overview to geographic information systems. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 1997, 23(6): 449～453
[10] Cobb D A, Olivero A. Online GIS service. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 1997 , 23(6), 484～490
[11]张海堂.基于GSM的GPS移动目标监控调度系统软件设计与实现:硕士学位论文.郑州:中国人民解放军信息工程大学测绘学院,2001.
[12]张昊,廖建新,武家春.综合定位平台系统结构和关键问题研究.计算机工程,2006,32(20):108～109
[13] Moore P, Crossley P. GPS applications in power systems: Introduction to GPS.Power Engineering Journal, 1999, 13(1): 33～39
[14]王孟宇. GPS的特点及其应用.云南农业,2003,(1):35～35
[15] Mensah-Bonsu C, Heydt G T. Real-time digital processing of GPS measurements for transmission engineering. IEEE Transactions on PowerDelivery, 2003, 18(1): 177～182
[16] Laganathan G. GPS and GIS technology trends. Electronics& Communication Engineering Journal, 2002, 14(6): 292～294
[17] Barnard M.E. The Global Positioning System. IEEE Review, 1992, 38(3): 99～102
[18] McNeff J G. The global positioning system. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2002, 50(3): 645～652
[19]杨生辉,柴炜.基于GPS和GIS的车辆定位与导航系统.公路与汽运,2003, (6):3～5
[20] Bajaj R, Ranaweera S L, Agrawal D P. GPS: location-tracking technology. Computer, 2002, 35(4): 92～94
[21]周捷,翟羽健,马瑜兰等.差分GPS/GIS实时监控管理系统的设计应用.微型电脑应用,1999,(7):3～5
[22] Sato G, Asai T, Sakamoto T. Improvement of the positioning accuracy of a software-based GPS receiver using a 32-bit embedded microprocessor. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2000, 46 (3): 521～530
[23]丁磊,刘春,姚连璧.车辆组合导航监控系统原理与应用.西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,38(4):570～571
[24]姜西瑞,程振林,方金云.GIS和GSM双定位终端的软硬件设计与实现.计算机工程,2006,32(20):244～246
[25]林青,李选杰.蜂窝无线定位技术及其应用.陕西工学院学报,2003,19(4):11～12
[26] Ermel M, Muller T, Schuler J. Performance of GSM networks with general packet radio services. Performance Evaluation, 2002, 48(1-4): 285～291
[27]张春荣,范寒柏.基于GPRS远程监控系统数据终端的研究.现代电子技术,2006,29(15):110～112
[28]刘云芳,左为平.分布式计算模型的分析和比较.电子技术应用,2006,29(21):135～136
[29]李蓥.基于Web服务的应用系统构架方法研究.河南大学学报(自然科学版),2003,33(3):66～67
[30] Wang F J, Jusoh S. Integrating Multiple Web-based Geographic Information Systems. IEEE Multimedia, 1999, 6(1): 49～52
[31]陈志平,徐锡山,陈玉教.一种基于Ajax的动态树型结构的设计与实现.计算机与信息技术,2005,(12):63～64
[32] Palson, L D. Building rich web applications with Ajax. Computer, 2005, (10): 14～17
[33]朱茵,陆化普,周海淞.基于C/S与B/S混合体系结构的智能交通管理信息系统的设计.公路交通科技,2005,22(11):147～149
[34]王瑞琴.基于WebGIS的GPS车辆监控调度系统的设计与实现.内蒙古农业大学学报,2005,26(4):97～98
[35] Stockus A, Bouju A, Bertrand F. Web-based vehicle localization. Intelligent IEEE Vehicles Symposium, 2000, (10): 436～441
[36]程起敏,杨崇峻,刘东林.基于Internet的车辆监控服务系统的设计与实现.武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2004,29(9):817～818
[37] Sample J T, Ladner R, Shulman L. Enhancing the US Navy’s GIDB Portal with Web Services. IEEE Internet Computing, 2006, 10(5): 53～55
[38]张福浩,刘纪平,李青元.基于Dijkstra算法的一种最短路径优化算法.遥感信息,2004,(2):38～41
[39]李霖.变量查询代数及最短路径分析.测绘学报,2000,29(1):59～63
[40]王涛,李伟生.最短路径子图.北方交通大学学报,2004,28(2):46～50
[41]周培德.交通道路网中任意两点之间最短路径的快速算法.计算机工程与科学,2002,24(4):35～37
[42]卜月华.图论及其应用.第一版.南京:东南大学出版社,2002.59～62
[43] Wang J, Schroedl S, Mezger K. Lane Keeping Based on Location Technology. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation System. 2005, 6(3): 351～352
[44] Samer S, Zaher M. Power Matching Approach for GPS Coverage Extension. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation System. 2006, 7(2): 156～158
[45]王仁礼,陈天泽,王冬红.智能型地图匹配综合算法的研究.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2003,15(11):1444～1445